Instructions

1.    In America, both boys and girls are encouraged to have careers outside of the home. In contrast, there are other countries in which girls are not only discouraged from working outside the home but also not permitted to have an education. Could such cultural differences contribute to cross-cultural sex differences in cognition?

2.    Many studies that assess cross-cultural cognitive differences rely upon meta analyses. Why do you think this is?

3.    Do different cultures value certain cognitive functions or skills more or less than other cultures? I would imagine that indigenous cultures, for example, value spatial skills more than western cultures.

4.    In Chapter 11, you learned about cognitive illusions and how they affect decision making. Do you think all cultures are affected equally by cognitive illusions? Why?

5.    We tend to think of cultures as independent entities with different values, customs, and beliefs. Can you think of any two cultures that actually have many commonalities? With so many similarities, how can these cultures be considered different?

Achievement gaps, or differences in performance, exist between boys and girls and men and women. These gaps may relate to athletic performance, career choice or success, academic achievement, or general psychological measures such as cognitive abilities. The question that contemporary research seeks to answer is why these gaps exist and what can be done to lessen or eliminate them. One category of variables that can affect achievement is individual differences such as self-concept or attitudes. For instance, girls or boys may exhibit less self-confidence in academic domains that have been traditionally associated with success by the other sex. It is important to note that although these differences appear to arise internally, from the self, the environment (e.g., messages individuals receive about gender stereotypes or experiences they have) also influences individual differences. Biological and environmental influences do not exist in isolation from one another. Strong evidence exists for the influence of social factors, especially input from parents and educators, in affecting performance and interest in various domains, which can have a widespread and long-lasting influence.

A difficulty in studying achievement gaps is that sex and gender are not the only identities that affect achievement. Economic status, ethnicity, culture, and other facets of identity may interface with sex and gender to create complex dynamics. You may notice in your text that many studies report gender achievement gaps in certain areas for one ethnic group but not another, or in one age group but not another.

For this Discussion, you will examine one gender achievement gap in depth by explaining the factors that influence it and how it affects individuals and societies. In your response posts, you will share strategies that could be used to mitigate the gaps your colleagues discussed.

To prepare

• Review the individual difference factors and social factors that contribute to achievement gaps (e.g., the math gap) between boys and girls and men and women.
• Identify one achievement gap that you have experienced or witnessed, either in the classroom or in the workplace. Then, identify at least one individual difference factor and one social factor that appear to contribute to this achievement gap. Consider how this achievement gap influences both the individual and society as a whole.

By Day 4

Post a description of the achievement gap and the influencing factors (individual and social) you identified and how they affect you personally. Explain how this achievement gap is supported by gender stereotyping or gender-related socialization. Finally, explain how these achievement gaps may have implications for both individuals and society as a whole

Determine whether the results appear to have statistical? significance, and also determine whether the results appear to have practical significance. In a study of a gender selection method used to increase the likelihood of a baby being born a? girl, 1903 users of the method gave birth to 936 boys and 967 girls.

There is about a 25?% chance of getting that many girls if the method had no effect. Because there is a 25?% chance of getting that many girls by? chance, the method: has statistical significance , does not have practical significance, does not have statistical significance or has practical significance.

Most/Not Many couples would likely use a procedure that raises the likelihood of a girl from the approximately? 50% rate expected by chance to the ?% produced by this method. ?(Round to the nearest integer as? needed.)

So this method : has statistical significance, does not have practical significance, does not have statistical significance or has practicle significance?

Q1. Choose any ONE topic of your choice from the
following and write your opinion either PRO or CON
about it in your own words word limit 100 WORDS.
• Write your chosen question on top and mention
pro or con.

1.There should be only girls and only boys school.
PRO/CON
2.Is reading fiction a waste of time? Explain your
answer using specific reasons and examples to
support your position. PRO/CON
3.“Better a lie that soothes than a truth that hurts.”
Do you agree? Why or why not? Use specific
reasons and examples to explain your answer.
PRO/CON
4.Convince your best friend to try your favorite
eatery for fast food, their food is the best. Or
forbid them, their food is not up to the mark.
PRO/CON
5.I learn more by watching movies, videos and
clips on that same topic than reading about it.
PRO/CON

Q1. Choose any ONE topic of your choice from the
following and write your opinion either PRO or CON
about it in your own words word limit 100 WORDS.
• Write your chosen question on top and mention
pro or con.

1.There should be only girls and only boys school.
PRO/CON
2.Is reading fiction a waste of time? Explain your
answer using specific reasons and examples to
support your position. PRO/CON
3.“Better a lie that soothes than a truth that hurts.”
Do you agree? Why or why not? Use specific
reasons and examples to explain your answer.
PRO/CON
4.Convince your best friend to try your favorite
eatery for fast food, their food is the best. Or
forbid them, their food is not up to the mark.
PRO/CON
5.I learn more by watching movies, videos and
clips on that same topic than reading about it.
PRO/CON

in R.

Estimate, by simulation, the average number of children there would be in a family if all people had children until they had a girl. Do the same if all people had children until they had at least one boy and at least one girl. How many more children would you expect to find under the second scheme than under the first in 100,000 families? (Assume that girls and boys are equally likely.)

Gender stereotypes may limit children to narrowly-defined roles that may not account for a child's unique and individual interests and abilities. What are your thoughts about gender-specific toys? (For example: Are dolls okay for boys? Toy cars or trucks for girls?) How did your parents or caregivers feel about this topic? As a parent, how do you think you would approach it?

No less than 250 word count!

A fair coin is tossed 25 times. What is the probability that at least 1 tail occurs?

a) 1

b) 0.00000075

c) 0.99999923

d) 0.00000003

e) 0.99999997

f) None of the above.

A business organization needs to make up a 5 member fund-raising committee. The organization has 9 accounting majors and 7 finance majors. What is the probability that at most 2 accounting majors are on the committee?

a) 0.0151

b) 0.0048

c) 0.3654

d) 0.0103

e) 0.3606

f) None of the above.

A classroom of children has 17 boys and 19 girls in which five students are chosen at random to do presentations. What is the probability that more boys than girls are chosen?

a) 0.4448

b) 0.0164

c) 0.3249

d) 0.1199

e) 0.4284

f) None of the above.

A toy manufacturer inspects boxes of toys before shipment. Each box contains 9 toys. The inspection procedure consists of randomly selecting three toys from the box. If one or more of the toys are defective, the box is not shipped. Suppose that a given box has two defective toys. What is the probability that it will be shipped?

a) 0.4365

b) 0.0833

c) 0.0714

d) 0.5833

e) 0.4167

f) None of the above.

In a small town, there are 5 high school districts. Each district includes 100 high school

students. In total, there are 500 high school students in the town including 240 male

students and 260 female students. Researchers would like to select a sample of 200

students.

(a) Explain how the sample can be obtained using random cluster sampling.

(b) Explain how the sample can be obtained using stratified random sampling.

(c) Explain how the sample can be obtained using systematic random sampling.

Two hundred and eighty boys completed a test that measures the distance that the subject can walk on a flat, hard surface in 6 minutes. For each age group shown in the table, the median distance walked by the boys in that age group is also given. Age Group Representative Age (Midpoint of Age Group) Median Six-Minute Walk Distance (meters) 3–5 4 544.3 6–8 7 584.0 9–11 10 667.3 12–15 13.5 701.1 16–18 17 727.6 This experiment also reported the 6-minute walk distances (in meters) for 248 girls age 3 to 18 years. The median 6-minute walk distances for girls for the five age groups, respectively, were 494.4 580.3 657.8 655.6 662.9.

Find the equation of the least-squares regression line that describes the relationship between median distance walked in 6 minutes and representative age for girls. (Round your values to three decimal places.)

(d)

Compute the five residuals. (Round your answers to three decimal places.)

C)Find the equation of the least-squares regression line that describes the relationship between median distance walked in 6 minutes and representative age for girls. (Round your values to three decimal places.)

ŷ = ____ + (_____)x

The researchers decided to use a curve rather than a straight line to describe the relationship between median distance walked in 6 minutes and age for girls. What aspect of the residual plot supports this decision?

A.The decision to use a curve is supported by the clear negative linear pattern in the residual plot.

B.The decision to use a curve is not supported by the residual plot as there are no unusual patterns.    

C. The decision to use a curve is supported by the clear positive linear pattern in the residual plot.

D.The decision to use a curve is supported by the clear curved pattern in the residual plot.

E.The decision to use a curve is supported by the outliers in the residual plot.