Human Physiology

1. Describe the pathway of filtrate flow through the urinary system, beginning at the renal corpuscle and ending with elimination from the body. Include in your description the locations where the three major processes occur, and the names and locations of the associated capillaries.
2. Describe the events that lead to micturition (urination), including the effect of the nervous system on the muscles involved.
3. Explain the concept of transport maximum. Under what scenario would glucose appear in the urine?
4. Explain in detail the process that establishes and maintains the medullary osmotic gradient in the kidneys. Then describe the effect this osmotic gradient has on the water in the renal tubules.
5. Explain what conditions stimulate the release of ADH by the posterior pituitary. Then describe in detail the effect of ADH on cells lining the collecting duct.
6. Describe the effect aldosterone and ANP have on sodium levels in the blood.
7. Describe the process by which ingested proteins and carbohydrates are digested, absorbed, and transported into the bloodstream. Then contrast this with the process pertaining to the digestion and absorption of dietary fats (lipids). Include an explanation as to why lipids are processed differently from hydrophilic molecules.
8. Explain the functions of the stomach and describe the features that make it uniquely adapted to its function, including the function of cells located in the gastric pits.
9. Describe the 28-day ovarian cycle (follicle phase & luteal phase), beginning with the development of primary follicles and ending with degeneration of the corpus luteum. Include in your description the role of granulosa cells, theca cells, and the zona pellucida.
10. Describe the pathway that sperm travel during ejaculation, beginning in the testes and ending at the penis. Then name and describe the function of the accessory glands involved in the process.
11. Explain the function of Leydig cells and Sertoli cells in the development of sperm inside the testes.
12. Describe in detail the steps that lead to inflammation, beginning with the introduction of pathogens into a wound, and ending with the formation of a clot. Include in your description the types of cytokines released and the various leukocytes involved. (10 pts.
13. Explain what happens during lymphocyte maturation to ensure B and T lymphocytes do not attack healthy body cells. Include the site of maturation for B cells and for T cells.

your own words, describe how routing tables are used, include their properties and routing protocols.

your own words, describe what multicast processing is. What does the MAC Address look like? Discuss the 2 main methods the switch uses to process these, include thoughts on when you would use the various processing methods.

your own words Discuss in detail why would you want to configure a network using a Virtual Local Area network (VLAN)? What are the potential drawbacks?

1. Write at least two sentences in your own words to explain the difference of using flexible boundary channel and the rigid boundary channel (based on the design considerations presented here).

2. Answer True or False and justify your answer:

    a. The rigid boundary channel is recommended for channels with very high velocities because it can easily resist the shear stress caused by the water flow.

    b. The trapezoidal cross section (with a value of m = 4 or more) is always more appropriate to be used instead of the rectangular channel in areas in which the neighboring land use restricts the channel top width.   

Data from the Motor Vehicle Department indicate that 80% of all licensed drivers are older than age 25. In a sample of n = 50 people who recently received speeding tickets, 33 were older than 25 years and the other 17 were 25 or younger. Is the age distribution for this sample significantly different from the distribution for the population of licensed drivers? Use α = .05

Identify the proposed analysis.
State your scales of measurement (e.g. nominal) for variables that will be used in the analysis.
State the null and alternative hypotheses.
State the test assumptions and make a decision.
State the inferential statistic and p-value.
Make a decision. Based on your decision, identify and explain the type of error you could be making.

Capital Allowance

1. Section 13 of the Income Tax Act in Jamaica layout 2 main criteria used to determine is an expense is allowable for tax purposes. Identify and explain these criteria.          

1. Distinguish between Depreciation and Capital Allowance and state the reason(s) which one is allowable or not. (1 mark)   
2. A business bought new equipment for $1,250,000 in year one and over three years capital allowances of $750,000 had been allowed. In year four (4) the equipment was sold for $375,000.

Calculate the balancing allowance or balancing charge of the business.           

java Programming Problem 2: Pez Candy

You may like the Pez candies and the wonderful dispensers that can be customized in so many ways. In each plastic container of Pez candy, the candies are of different colors, and they are stored in random order. Assume that you like the red candies only. Take a Pez dispenser, take out all candies one by one, eat the red ones, and put the others in a spare container you have at hand. Return the remaining candies in the initial container.

Your Tasks:

1. Create a class PezCandy in which you implement an array-based stack
2. Create a class PezCandyDriver in which you solve the problem as described above
3. Create an algorithm showing how you take out the candies, eat the red ones, and put them back in the container, in the original order. Place the algorithm, as a comment in the top of your PezCandyDriver file
4. Use an initial Pez dispenser with 12 candies, in which the colors of the candies are randomly chosen from: red, yellow, green, pink, blue.

   Hints

5. Run the program and capture a snapshot showing the initial content of the Pez container, and the content after you ate all red candies.
6. If you implement all the required methods properly, the driver program should generate outputs similar to the following:

Experiment 2 – Light Independent Reaction

After the light dependent reaction, the light independent takes place. During this phase, also known as the Calvin Cycle, the energy generated in the light independent phase is used to fixate the carbon atoms from carbon dioxide and glucose is produced.

In this experiment you will use baby spinach leaves to demonstrate the utilization of carbon dioxide during the light independent reaction of photosynthesis. Phenol red is an organic dye that undergoes a color change according to pH . The color of this compound will appear as follows:

Because phenol red can be used to detect changes in pH, it can also be used as an indirect method of detecting changes in the amount of CO2 dissolved in a solution. When CO2 is added to a solution, some of it reacts with water to produce an acid called carbonic acid. In turn, some of the carbonic acid dissociates to increase the [H⁺] in the solution. Therefore, if the amount of CO2 in a solution is increased, the [H⁺] increases (pH is lowered) and the solution becomes more acidic. It also follows that if the amount of CO2 in a solution is lowered (e.g., by removal of CO2 from the solution), the [H⁺] will decrease (pH increases) and the solution becomes more basic. The chemical reactions involved are shown below.

To detect the process of carbon fixation (CO2 reduction), you will use this pH indicator to detect changes in the CO2 level.

Materials

Fresh spinach leaves

2 glass test tubes

2 - 250 ml beakers

Phenol red solution

Permanent marker or wax pencil

Water *

Sunshine or bright light source *

Stopwatch/timer

Metric ruler

Procedure

Add 20 ml of phenol red solution to 2 glass test tubes.

With your straw , blow bubbles over the top of the solution until it turns yellow. The color change occurs when the water in the phenol red solution and the CO2 are combined forming carbonic acid . Make sure that both tubes are the same shade of yellow.

Add a small leaf of baby spinach to tube 2 only

Place the 2 test tubes into sunshine or a bright light at time for 2 hours.

Record the color every ½ hour.

Questions

What is the independent variable in this experiment?

What is the dependent variable in this experiment?

What happened to the color of the solution over time?

What is the process that is occurring to make the phenol red solution change colors?

What is the function of the following components in the process of photosynthesis (this may differ than how this compounds were used in the experiment)

CO₂:

Light:

H₂O:

O₂:

Chloroplasts:

An instructor who taught two sections of engineering statistics last term, the first with 25 students and the second with 35, decided to assign a term project. After all projects had been turned in, the instructor randomly ordered them before grading. Consider the first 15 graded projects.

(a) What is the probability that exactly 10 of these are from the second section? (Round your answer to four decimal places.)


(b) What is the probability that at least 10 of these are from the second section? (Round your answer to four decimal places.)


(c) What is the probability that at least 10 of these are from the same section? (Round your answer to four decimal places.)


(d) What are the mean value and standard deviation of the number among these 15 that are from the second section? (Round your mean to the nearest whole number and your standard deviation to three decimal places.)

(e) What are the mean value and standard deviation of the number of projects not among these first 15 that are from the second section? (Round your mean to the nearest whole number and your standard deviation to three decimal places.)