Nailed It! Construction (Nailed It! or the “Company”), an SEC registrant, is a construction company that manufactures commercial and residential buildings. On March 1, 20X1, the Company entered into an agreement with a customer, Village Apartments, to construct a residential apartment building for a fixed price of $1.5 million. The Company estimates that it will incur costs of $1 million to complete construction of the apartment building. The apartment building will only transfer to Village Apartments once the construction of the entire building is complete. In addition, Village Apartments has various design requirements that would require Nailed It! to incur significant costs to rework the building prior to selling it to a customer other than Village Apartments. To construct the apartment building, Nailed It! acquires standard materials that it regularly uses in construction contracts for both residential and commercial buildings. These materials are used to manufacture generic component parts for inclusion in Village Apartments’ residential buildings. These standard materials remain interchangeable with other items until they are deployed in a Village Apartments building. The Company has made the following purchases and incurred the following costs throughout the construction progress:

•As of June 30, 20X1, in total, Nailed It! has purchased $75,000 of component parts. As of June 30, 20X1, $25,000 of component parts remain in inventory and $50,000 have been integrated into the project. Further, Nailed It! has incurred $12,500 of direct costs to integrate the component parts into the Village Apartments construction project during the three months ended June 30, 20X1.

•During the three months ended September 30, 20X1, Nailed It! purchased an additional $500,000 of component parts ($575,000 in total). Of the $575,000 of component parts, $325,000 remain in inventory and $200,000 have been integrated into the project during the three months ended September 30, 20X1. During the three months ended September 30, 20X1, Nailed It! incurred an additional $50,000 of direct costs to integrate the component parts into the Village Apartments construction project.

•As of September 30, 20X1, Nailed It! determined that the project was over budget and revised its cost estimate from $1 million to $1.25 million.

•As of December 31 20X1, the construction project was completed. During the three months ended December 31, 20X1, Nailed It! purchased an additional $425,000 of generic component parts ($1 million in total). Of the $1 million component parts, $0 remain in inventory and $750,000 were integrated into the project during the three months ended December 31, 20X1. Nailed It! has incurred $187,500 of direct costs to integrate the component parts into the Village Apartments construction project during the three months ended December 31,

If Village Apartments cancels the contract, Nailed It! will be entitled to reimbursement for costs incurred for work completed to date plus a margin of 20 percent, which is considered to be a reasonable margin. Nailed It! will not be reimbursed for any materials that have been purchased for use in the contract but have not yet been used and are still controlled by Nailed It!.

Required: 1.Does the performance obligation meet any of the criteria or recognition of revenue over time?

2.How should the entity recognize revenue for the satisfaction of its performance obligation? What amount of revenue should be recognized for the following periods:

2a.The three months ended June 30, 20X1?

2b.The three months ended September 30, 20X1?

2c.The three months ended December 31, 20X1?

How should we journalize the recognition of revenue using the input method?

USE GAAP CODIFICATION (CITATION)

ABC Construction (ABC or the “Company”), an SEC registrant, is a construction company that manufactures commercial and residential buildings. On March 1, 2018, the Company entered into an agreement with a customer, Village Apartments, to construct a residential apartment building for a fixed price of $1.5 million. The Company estimates that it will incur costs of $1 million to complete construction of the apartment building. The apartment building will only transfer to Village Apartments once the construction of the entire building is complete. In addition, Village Apartments has various design requirements that would require ABC to incur significant costs to rework the building prior to selling it to a customer other than Village Apartments.

To construct the apartment building, ABC acquires standard materials that it regularly uses in construction contracts for both residential and commercial buildings. These materials are used to manufacture generic component parts for inclusion in Village Apartments’ residential buildings. These standard materials remain interchangeable with other items until they are deployed in a Village Apartments building. The Company has made the following purchases and incurred the following costs throughout the construction progress:

• As of June 30, 2018, in total, ABC has purchased $75,000 of component parts. As of June 30, 2018, $25,000 of component parts remain in inventory and $50,000 have been integrated into the project. Further, ABC has incurred $12,500 of direct costs to integrate the component parts into the Village Apartments construction project during the three months ended June 30, 2018.

• During the three months ended September 30, 2018, ABC purchased an additional $500,000 of component parts ($575,000 in total). Of the $575,000 of component parts, $325,000 remain in inventory and $200,000 have been integrated into the project during the three months ended September 30, 2018. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, ABC incurred an additional $50,000 of direct costs to integrate the component parts into the Village Apartments construction project.

• As of September 30, 2018, ABC determined that the project was over budget and revised its cost estimate from $1 million to $1.25 million.

• As of December 3, 2018, the construction project was completed. During the three months ended December 31, 2018, ABC purchased an additional $425,000 of generic component parts ($1 million in total). Of the $1 million component parts, $0 remain in inventory and $750,000 were integrated into the project during the three months ended December 31, 2018. ABC has incurred $187,500 of direct costs to integrate the component parts into the Village Apartments construction project during the three months ended December 31, 2018.

If Village Apartments cancels the contract, ABC will be entitled to reimbursement for costs incurred for work completed to date plus a margin of 20 percent, which is considered to be a reasonable margin. ABC will not be reimbursed for any materials that have been purchased for use in the contract but have not yet been used and are still controlled by ABC.

Required:

1. Does the performance obligation meet any of the criteria or recognition of revenue over time?

2. How should the entity recognize revenue for the satisfaction of its performance obligation? What amount of revenue should be recognized for the following periods:

2a. The three months ended June 30, 2018?

2b. The three months ended September 30, 2018?

2c. The three months ended December 31, 2018?

Sparrow Company uses the retail inventory method to estimate ending inventory and cost of goods sold. Data for 2016 are as follows: Cost Retail Beginning inventory $ 92,000 $ 182,000 Purchases 360,000 582,000 Freight-in 9,200 Purchase returns 7,200 11,200 Net markups 16,200 Net markdowns 12,200 Normal spoilage 3,200 Abnormal spoilage 4,840 8,200 Sales 542,000 Sales returns 10,200 The company records sales net of employee discounts. Discounts for 2016 totaled $4,200. Required: 1. Estimate Sparrow’s ending inventory and cost of goods sold for the year using the retail inventory method and the average cost application. (Round your cost-to-retail percentage calculation to 2 decimal places.) 2. Estimate Sparrow’s ending inventory and cost of goods sold for the year using the retail inventory method and the conventional application. (Round your cost-to-retail percentage calculation to 2 decimal places.)

What changes in the city’s budgeting and accounting structure would overcome these limitations? What additional problems might these changes cause?

Government activities may be less “profitable” than they appear.

A city prepares its budget in traditional format, classifying expenditures by fund and object. In 2010, amid considerable controversy, the city authorized the sale of $20 million in bonds to finance construction of a new sports and special events arena. Critics charged that, contrary to the predictions of arena proponents, the arena could not be fiscally self‐sustaining. Five years later, the arena was completed and began to be used. After its first year of operations, its general managers submitted the following condensed statement of revenues and expenses (in millions):

At the city council meeting, when the report was submitted, the council member who had championed the center glowingly boasted that his prophecy was proving correct; the arena was “profitable.” Assume that the following information came to your attention:

• The arena is accounted for in a separate enterprise fund.

• The arena increased the number of overnight visitors to the city. City administrators and economists calculated that the additional visitors generated approximately $0.1 million in hotel occupancy tax revenues. These taxes are dedicated to promoting tourism in the city. In addition, they estimated that the ticket and concession sales, plus the economic activity generated by the arena, increased general sales tax revenues by $0.4 million.

• The city had to improve roads, highways, and utilities in the area surrounding the arena. These improvements, which cost $6 million, were financed with general obligation debt (not reported in the enterprise fund). Principal and interest on the debt, paid out of general funds, were $0.5 million. The cost of maintaining the facilities was approximately $0.1 million.

• On evenings when events were held in the arena, the city had to increase police protection in the arena’s neighborhood. Whereas the arena compensated the police department for police officers who served within the arena itself, those who patrolled outside were paid out of police department funds. The police department estimated its additional costs at $0.1 million.

• The city provided various administrative services (including legal, accounting, and personnel) to the arena at no charge at an estimated cost of $0.1 million.

• The city estimates the cost of additional sanitation, fire, and medical services due to events at the center to be approximately $0.2 million.

1) Run a regression model to estimate the cost of a building using average story height (mean centered) and total floor area (mean centered) as predictors. Using the adjusted R Square statistic, how much variation in the dependent variable can be explained by the model? Select one:

a. between 95% and 98%

b. above 98 percent

c. between 90% and 95%

d. less than 90%

2) Run a regression model to estimate the cost of a building using average story height (mean centered) and total floor area (mean centered) as predictors. Is story height a significant predictor at .05 level? Select one:

a. Yes

b. No

3) Run a regression model to estimate the cost of a building using average story height (mean centered) and total floor area (mean centered) as predictors. Is total area a significant predictor at .05 level? Select one:

a. Yes

b. No

4) Run a regression model to estimate the cost of a building using average story height (mean centered) and total floor area (mean centered) as predictors. Which of the following is wrong about the slope of total area? Select one:

a. It gives the expected change in the predicted cost for each 1 m2 change in total area, holding story height constant.

b. It is a significant slope

c. The expected cost of a building with a total area of 1 m2 is HK$13,965

5) Run a regression model to estimate the cost of a building using average story height (mean centered) and total floor area (mean centered) as predictors. Which of the following is wrong about the slope of story height? Select one:

a. It gives the expected change in the predicted cost for each 1 cm change in story height, holding total area constant.

b. It is a significant slope

c. The expected cost of a building with a story height of 0 cms is HK$3,185,038

6) Run a regression model to estimate the cost of a building using average story height (mean centered), total floor area (mean centered), and construction type (dummy coded) as predictors. Using the adjusted R Square statistic, how much variation in the dependent variable can be explained by the model? Select one:

a. between 95% and 98%

b. above 98 percent

c. between 90% and 95%

d. less than 90%

7) Run a regression model to estimate the cost of a building using average story height (mean centered), total floor area (mean centered), and construction type (dummy coded) as predictors. Which of the following is correct about the intercept? Select one:

a. It is the expected cost of a steel building with an average story height and an average total area.

b. It is the expected cost of a reinforced concrete building with an average story height and an average total area.

c. It is the expected cost of a steel building with a story height of 0 cm and an average total area.

d. It is the expected cost of a reinforced concrete building with an average story height and a total area of 0 m2.

8) Run a regression model to estimate the cost of a building using average story height (mean centered), total floor area (mean centered), and construction type (dummy coded) as predictors. According to the model, is it significantly more expensive (at .05 level) to build a steel building compared to a reinforced concrete building, holding everything else constant? Select one:

a. no

b. yes

9) Run a regression model to estimate the cost of a building using average story height (mean centered), total floor area (mean centered), and construction type (dummy coded) as predictors. Which of the following is wrong about the slope of story height? Select one:

a. it is the expected change in the predicted building cost for a one unit change in story height, holding total area and construction type constant.

b. Has a positive relationship with the cost of building

c. Has a negative relationship with the cost of building

10) Run a regression model to estimate the cost of a building using average story height (mean centered), total floor area (mean centered), and construction type (dummy coded) as predictors. Which of the following is wrong about the slope of total area? Select one:

a. it is the expected change in the predicted building cost for a one unit change in total area, in holding story height and construction type constant.

b. Has a positive relationship with the cost of building

c. Has a negative relationship with the cost of building Building type Average floor area (m2) Total floor area (m2) avg story height(cms) COST (HK$) 1

A research about construction buildings in UK before and now

both advantages and disadvantages of production theory in construction

offsite standardized manufacturing vs unique in situ manufacturing

1(a). Discuss why it is possible to have the central core, the main columns and the floor slab construction to be constructed separately in the “RC-Steel Composite” structural system, and whether it is necessary for the construction processes to be planned in the way like this. (b) With reference to a), discuss with the aid of sketch(es) the appropriate way(s) to illustrate the planning of construction works for typical floors of common “RC- Steel Composite” structural system.

On January 1, 2021, the Highlands Company began construction on a new manufacturing facility for its own use. The building was completed in 2022. The company borrowed $2,200,000 at 8% on January 1 to help finance the construction. In addition to the construction loan, Highlands had the following debt outstanding throughout 2021: $9,000,000, 10% bonds $6,000,000, 8% long-term note Construction expenditures incurred during 2021 were as follows: January 1 $ 900,000 March 31 1,500,000 June 30 1,160,000 September 30 900,000 December 31 700,000

Required: Calculate the amount of interest capitalized for 2021 using the specific interest method.

On January 2, 2020, Crane Company began construction of a new citrus processing plant. The automated plant was finished and ready for use on September 30, 2021. Expenditures for the construction were as follows:

Crane Company borrowed $3240000 on a construction loan at 12% interest on January 2, 2020. This loan was outstanding during the construction period. The company also had $12480000 in 9% bonds outstanding in 2020 and 2021.

The interest capitalized for 2021 was:

$355107

$84676

$291600

$376276