3. Read the following paragraph from the Smithsonian Institution website “What does it mean to be human?” “Researchers compared the Neanderthal mtDNA to modern human and chimpanzee sequences and found that the Neanderthal mtDNA sequences were substantially different from both. Most human sequences differ from each other by an average of 8.0 substitutions, while the human and chimpanzee sequences differ by about 55.0 substitutions. The Neanderthal and modern human sequences differed by approximately 27.2 substitutions. Using this mtDNA information, the last common ancestor of Neanderthals and modern humans dates to approximately 550,000 to 690,000 years ago, which is about four times older than the modern human mtDNA pool.” Recall our discussions of the genetic incursions of Neanderthals into human populations (and vice-versa). Briefly discuss human evolution in the following aspects (how are they adapted for life in certain environments or to use or process a particular nutrient or selection of certain human individuals):

Skin, hair, and eye color.-

Facial physiognomy.-

Metabolic adaptations (for example, lactose tolerance in groups derived from herders).

Hereditary metabolic errors of metabolism (diabetes type II, depression, circadian rhythm, etc.).

A research study wanted to examine whether religious belief and gender are related in their state. They selected a representative sample of men and women in their State.

Select the null and alternative hypothesis of the test: H0: there is a relationship between gender and belief about human origins Ha: there is no relationship between gender and belief about human origins H0: there is no relationship between gender and belief about human origins Ha: there is a relationship between gender and belief about human origins

Results of the study are summarized in this table for the Belief about human origins: religious texts evolutionary theory total male 30 36 66 female 102 89 191 total 132 125 259

The degrees of freedom for the the χ2 statistic are Round the following numbers to two places after the decimal: The test statistic is χ2 =

with a p-value =

The conclusion of the test at the 5% significance level is Gender and belief about human origins are related. There is not enough statistical evidence to suggest that gender and belief about human origins are related. Gender and belief about human origins are independent. There is enough statistical evidence to suggest that gender and belief about human origins are related.

You plan on isolating a protein of interest by cutting a band out of a gel. Your protein is a phosphatase (a certain type of enzyme) and you hope to measure its activity. Should you use SDS-PAGE or a native gel to isolate your protein? Why?

How will you describe and contrast on enzyme activity based on Km and Vmax from Michaelis menten equation? (low or high Km/Vmax)
what does it mean when Km is High or low
what does it mean when Vmax is High or Low

4. List two properties of ammonia that cause problems for cells trying to acquiring nitrogen. (Don’t just say ammonia is too scarce in the environment) (1) _______________________________ (2) ______________________________ Describe in general terms how the cell solves this nitrogen acquisition problem (no enzyme names): ____________________________________________

Hi! I'm doing a lab report on the synthesis of divanillin from vanillin and h202 using horseradish peroxidase type 1 enzyme. I'm wondering what the steps are in the reaction (drawing), and what the roles of h202, acetic acid, and ph changes are? :) Thank you!

describe two enzymes found in the mouth, two enzymes found in the stomach, and two enzymes found in the small intestines and describe one organic compound that each enzyme breaks down.....i need a good and understandable explanation , answer for this question ,thank u

1.In order for the electron transport chain and ATP synthase to function, the inner membrane of the mitochondrion has to be impermeable to most solutes, especially ions. Why?

2.Would you expect a competitive or a noncompetitive inhibitor to be more similar to the natural substrate of an enzyme? Why?

1. Discuss the composition and structure of enzymes and discuss the factors that modify enzyme structure and function

2. Describe the production and processing of a protein that will be exported from a eukaryotic cell. Begin with the separation of the mRNA from the DNA template and end with the release of the protein at the plasma membrane.

One molecule of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is fed into glycolysis. Which and how many electron carrier molecule(s) are made during (A) the glycolytic breakdown of this molecule, during (B) acetyl-CoA production and during (C) the citric acid cycle? (D) How many H⁺ are translocated across the mitochrondrial membrane due to the re-oxidation of these electron carriers? Write the numbers into the respective boxes.

This question is very important for me to understand. Please only respond if you are answering all parts and are confident they are correct. Thank you!