What is the production of ATP both directly and through electron transport/oxidative phosphorylation when:

(i)       one mole of glucose is converted to two moles of acetyl CoA.

(ii)       one mole of acetyl CoA is metabolised to CO₂ and H₂O via the citric acid cycle.

(iii)       one mole of glucose is completely metabolised to CO₂ and H₂O via glycolysis, the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction and the citric acid cycle.

How do you calculate this?

Ben is going to participate in the bodybuilding competition and he goes to work out every day. He tries to do weight training every day before the competition starts.  

1. When he lifts the dumbbell, which types of muscle are contractions?

A)Isotonic contraction

B)Isometric contraction

C)Eccentric contraction

D)Energy muscle contraction

E)Both of the above is correct

2. More than that he's going to run more than an hour every day to lose weight to show his muscle shape, during running where he can get the ATP from the first 10 seconds?

A)Phosphate and ADP

B)Anaerobic glycolysis pathway

C)Glycogen that stored in the muscle break down become glucose to make ATP

D)Two of the answer are correct

E)10 second doesn't use anybody energy

3. After an hour, where he can get the ATP from after an hour running?

A)Glycogen that stored in the muscle break down become glucose to make ATP

B)Anaerobic glycolysis pathway

C)Phosphate and ADP

D)Two of the answer are correct

E)Slow running no required ATP

1- A scientific study demonstrated that rat mothering behavior impacts the stress response in their pups. Rats that were born and grew up with attentive mothers showed low activation of stress-response genes later in life, while rats with inattentive mothers had high activation of stress-response genes in the same situation. An additional study that swapped the pups at birth (i.e., rats born to inattentive mothers grew up with attentive mothers and vice versa) showed the same positive effect of attentive mothering. How do genetics and/or epigenetics explain the results of this study?

2- Some autoimmune diseases show a positive correlation with dramatically decreased expression of histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9, an enzyme that removes acetyl groups from histones). Why would the decreased expression of HDAC9 cause immune cells to produce inflammatory genes at inappropriate times?

3- A scientist identifies a potential transcription regulation site 300bp downstream of a gene and hypothesizes that it is a repressor. What experiment (with results) could he perform to support this hypothesis?

4- A scientist discovers a virus encoding a Protein X that degrades a subunit of the eIF4F complex. Knowing that this virus transcribes its own mRNAs in the cytoplasm of human cells, why would Protein X be an effective virulence factor?

If you have TAG molecule in adipose cells, how can fatty acids get into mitochondrial matrix? (starting with TAG in adipose cells and ending with fatty acyl-CoA in matrix; draw the flow and explain details).

Select all of the statements that are true.

1. Membranes can contain lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates.

2. Fatty acids will form a membrane bilayer in an aqueous solution.

3. Membranes are static.

4. Membrane composition is symmetrical.

Human resource management evolves from personnel management to strategic human resource management, human capital, and talent management. Explain the reasons for this evolution of human resource management.

Describe why Histidine is often found in active sites and is involved in the catalytic mechanisms of enzymes. What role does it generally play in catalytic mechanisms? Draw an example of a catalytic mechanism that involves Histidine as a critical amino acid residue.

In addition to generating reducing power (i.e., NADPH) for biosynthesis, the pentose phosphate pathway also provides precursors for synthesis of which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Choose one or more:A.fatty acidsB.aromatic amino acidsC.acetic acidD.nucleic acidsE.citric acid

Demo Problem You are planning a mapping experiment to map several genes in E. coli. You choose the following strains of E. coli:

lac+, gal+, trp+, his+, str^S          X        lac-, gal-, trp-, his- str^R

Trp refers to the amino acid tryptophan and his refers to the amino acid histidine; str refers to the antibiotic streptomycin with S indicating sensitivity and R indicating resistance. Lac and gal refer to the sugars lactose and galactose (glucose is the default carbon source). To assess phenotypes of the various “offspring”, you need to prepare plate media with various ingredients added or left out.

What additive(s) should you include or leave out of the medium to achieve the following purposes?

a. To select for lac+ and against str^s.

b. To select for trp+ and against str^s.