Compare AND constrast the enzyme ATP synthase in plant cells, animal cells, and bacteria. (Be sure to include function, structure and location) 10 points.

Please draw the reaction in which glutamate and oxaloacetate are converted to another amino acid and TCA intermediate. Draw the full reaction and label all reactants, enzymes, and products.

5. Nucleic acid sequences that actually code for the amino acid in a eukaryotic protein include: (check all that apply)

a. codons

b. promotors

c. poly A tail

write 800 words essay about the different amino acid groups as essential and nonessential. the paper should include their source as well as why it is important to our body.

If the R group of an amino acid (AA) is a –CH2-OH then the name of this AA is

Select one:

a. Ser

b. Tyr

c. Ala

d. His

e. Trp

5. A polypeptide is subject to the following degradative techniques resulting in polypeptide fragments with the indicated amino acid sequences. What is the amino acid sequence of the entire polypeptide? I. Cyanogen Bromide treatment: 1. Asp-Ile-Lys-Gln-Met 2. Lys 3. Lys-Phe-Ala-Met 4. Tyr-Arg-Gly-Met II. Trypsin Hydrolysis: 1. Gln-Met-Lys 2. Gly-Met-Asp-Ile-Lys 3. Phe-Ala-Met-Lys 4. Tyr-Arg show all steps and explain clearly. show EACH step like where the cleavage occurs .

Oh No! One of the tRNA genes in E.coli was mutated so that the wrong amino acid was charged onto it. Now, the amino acid that should be on the tRNA containing the anticodon 5'-CCA-3' is replaced with an Asp. DNA SEQUENCE: 5'-ATG TAG TTA TCC AAC CCT CCA AAA CAT GCA CCT CCT TAC TCA AGC AGG CAT ACG-3' a. Write out the protein sequence (using the DNA sequence from the problem above) that would be made in this situation. (3 pts) b. Does this mutation just affect this protein? What are the overall consequences of this type of mutation in e.coli? (3 pts)

If you take into account the amount of ATP generated by ATP synthase per molecule of NADH and
FADH2 produced in aerobic respiration, the net number of ATP molecules produced by substrate
level phosphorylation, and the fact that NADH molecules produced in the cytoplasm have to be
transported into the mitochondria, what is the predicted energy yield of (i) glycolysis and (ii) Krebs
cycle, per molecule of glucose in eukaryotic cells?   

2. Why do cancer cells utilize glycolysis over respiration? The prevailing theory is that they choose to divert glycolytic intermediates into biosynthetic pathways in order to support cellular proliferation. Briefly describe two of these biosynthetic pathways, including the enzymes and metabolites involved, and any cancer-associated alterations (up-down-regulation).

*Please type answer, written answers are hard to read

Although not part of glycolysis, endogenous stores of phosphocreatine in skeletal muscle are suggested to provide a reserve of ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation, as shown below:

a)       Phosphocreatine + H₂O ? Creatine + P_i + 10.3 kcal/mol

b)      ADP + P_i + 7.3 kcal/mol ? ATP + H₂O

Add these two reactions together (including the energy terms) to show the net, coupled reaction