31) Predict blood types from any cross provided to you.  Identify the universal blood donor and acceptor and explain why those blood groups are labelled that way.

32) Explain the difference between dominant and recessive traits and identify variations on Mendel’s laws- including incomplete dominance and multiple alleles.

33) Lab 4 Objective: Gain a better understanding of enzymes and some conditions that affect enzyme 
activity and the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. 


34) State hypotheses, make predictions, and identify independent and dependent 
variables in these experiments.

Explain how you could use subcellular distribution data to identify the subcellular location of another enzyme for which its location is not yet known.

To address this issue, discuss the extension of the experiment you are doing to determine the subcellular location of another enzyme for which you have an assay, but its specific compartmentalization in the liver tissue is not known. Include attention to both % activity and specific activity histograms in your argument. How we validate the subcellular fraction procedure is not required here- we will assume that an ideal separation of organelles has been achieved.

Enzyme X is a highly pigmented protein that imparts the characteristic color to certain blue-green algae. It also facilitates a reaction necessary to the survival of this species; we can follow the kinetics of this reaction by measuring the conversion of Substance X to Substance Y at various times during purification.

1. Given a pure preparation of these algae, and the required supplies and equipment, devise and outline an empirical procedure for purifying Enzyme X.

2. What is a good indication of purity in your preparation?

The outline of steps to purify Enzyme X should include detail of what the technique is, why that technique is needed, and what the result will be. The reader needs to have enough information so as to be able to do the experiment. Treat the assignment as one that demonstrates your knowledge of biochemical techniques in protein purification.

As for the length of this assignment, you are describing a protocol; therefore, you need to provide the necessary information for the reader to be able to know how, why, and what, as well as the potential outcomes of the steps and the end result.

The enzyme urease catalyzes the reaction of urea, (NH2CONH2), with water to produce carbon dioxide and ammonia. In water, without the enzyme, the reaction proceeds with a first-order rate constant of 4.15 ×10−5s−1 at 100 ∘C. In the presence of the enzyme in water, the reaction proceeds with a rate constant of 3.4 ×104s−1 at 21 ∘C

1.If the rate of the catalyzed reaction were the same at 100 ∘C as it is at 21 ∘C, what would be the difference in the activation energy between the catalyzed and uncatalyzed reactions? Express your answer using two significant figures.

2.

In actuality, what would you expect for the rate of the catalyzed reaction at 100 ∘C as compared to that at 21 ∘C?

In actuality, what would you expect for the rate of the catalyzed reaction at 100  as compared to that at 21 ?

Which nutrient produces more ATP under aerobic conditions in an aerobe, a triglyceride with 3X36 carbon fatty acids or 10 glucose molecules? Why?

Describe the structural, physical, and chemical characteristics of nucleic acids

Describe the emergent properties of polynucleotides and RNA (H-bonding, base-stacking, 3D folding)

Explain why there can be no net glucose production from fatty acids and acetylCoA, although carbons from acetylCoA can end up in glucose.

Under what nutritional conditions is fatty acid synthesis likely to occur? Discuss the roles of acetyl CoA and malonyl CoA in the synthesis of fatty acids