1) The following statements refer to the opiate narcotic, methadone. Select from the following statements the ONE, FALSE statement.

2) What is true about LSD?

3) Jason is having a panic attack. He is suddenly sweating, has increased pulse, increased heart rate, is agitated and afraid. He cannot move some muscles. The condition does not last a long time. It is periodic. The threshold for normal firing (action potential) for the neurons in the brain is lower than normal. Therefore, the brain exhibits symptoms that are similar to epilepsy. Select from the following list, the correct term for the brain undergoing a panic attack.

4) Why is washing your hands frequently with soap good for avoiding COVID-19?

1. Discuss the structural organization of lipoprotein particles such as HDL, LDL or VLDL. List all of the biomolecules found in each and describe their function in the particle. How does their structure facilitate the function of the particles? What does each do? (9 points).

2. Find three diseases in humans where there is a metabolic defect that results in an inability to process or metabolize specific
3. Lipids
4. Proteins or amino acids
5. Fats (lipids)

For each disease, explain the pathophysiology of the disease and the symptoms that an individual with the disease experiences. (9 points)

3. In the scientific literature, find a clinical trial that is prospective randomized as well as placebo-controlled. List the reference for the paper and explain the method of how the scientists randomized the trial and what the treatment groups were. Did the trial you found have any other features such as being a crossover trial or being blinded. (Extra credit is possible if you find these additional features). (10 points)

4. Technetium 99m and fluorodeoxyglucose are two radioisotopes frequently utilized in clinical medicine. Find two specific applications (tests or treatments) for each and describe how they are utilized. (8 points)

5. Describe how DNA is organized such that 46 chromosomes with approximately 3 billion bases are able to fit in the limited space of the nucleus of a cell. In addition, how does transcriptionally active DNA differ from DNA that is not being transcribed? (6 points)

JUST ANSWERS.

Secretion of the hormone aldosterone results in...

Question 81 options:

Question 82 (2 points)

Which type of white blood cell destroys self-cells that have become infected with a virus?

Question 82 options:

Question 83 (2 points)

For the menstrual cycle, the uterus' proliferative phase corresponds to which ovarian phase?

Question 83 options:

Question 84 (2 points)

Urine is yellow, and feces are brown, because the liver must dispose of...

Question 84 options:

Question 85 (2 points)

Genetic material is composed of...

Question 85 options:

Question 86 (2 points)

Which of the following parts of the wave generated on an electrocardiogram corresponds to and is followed by ventricular contraction?

Question 86 options:

Question 87 (2 points)

As the volume of a gas increases, its pressure...

Question 87 options:

Question 88 (2 points)

Which part of the cerebrum instructs skeletal muscles to contract?

Question 88 options:

Question 89 (2 points)

Red blood cells placed in a hypertonic solution will...

Question 89 options:

Question 90 (2 points)

Which of the following is necessary for skeletal muscle contractions?

Question 90 options:

what is an enzyme? what is an ES complex?

how to increase the hydrolysis ability of enzyme?

**Biochemistry**

Clearly explain how the structure of hemoglobin is intricately connected to its function, using the principle listed below as the outline.

• Small changes in the conformation of a biomolecule can create significant effects within a cell. (consider regulation through allosteric activators or inhibitors, reversible enzyme regulation, substrate/ligand binding, coenzyme or cofactor binding and enzyme mechanisms)

The following techniques will be used for purification of an enzyme from cultured cells; salt fractionation, affinity chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, homogenization and gel filtration chromatography. The protocol states that the techniques should be used in the order listed above.

a) What is wrong with the order of techniques as they are listed?

b) How does each technique contribute to the process of obtaining a pure enzyme?

In a 50µl reaction containing 0.25 pmol of a Michaelis enzyme with Km = 4.0 x 10-7 M and substrate concentration of 2 x 10-7 M, product was formed at an initial velocity of 5.0 x 10-5 Mmin-1 .

a. If the enzyme concentration is doubled to 0.5 pmol in the reaction, how much will the velocity increase? Show mathematically

Why aren't all amino acid R groups ionizable?