explain the process of European monetary integration and discuss any mistakes which may have been made in the way it took place.

(Monetary union policy , the economic of Europe)

book Al-graa, Ali and Ardy, Brain(eds.) The European Union: Economics and Policies, Ninthe Edition (Cambridge University Press, 2011)

Splish Inc., a manufacturer of steel school lockers, plans to purchase a new punch press for use in its manufacturing process. After contacting the appropriate vendors, the purchasing department received differing terms and options from each vendor. The Engineering Department has determined that each vendor’s punch press is substantially identical and each has a useful life of 20 years. In addition, Engineering has estimated that required year-end maintenance costs will be $940 per year for the first 5 years, $1940 per year for the next 10 years, and $2940 per year for the last 5 years. Following is each vendor’s sales package.

Vendor A: $53190 cash at time of delivery and 10 year-end payments of $18220 each. Vendor A offers all its customers the right to purchase at the time of sale a separate 20-year maintenance service contract, under which Vendor A will perform all year-end maintenance at a one-time initial cost of $9300.

Vendor B: Forty semiannual payments of $8920 each, with the first installment due upon delivery. Vendor B will perform all year-end maintenance for the next 20 years at no extra charge.

Vendor C: Full cash price of $135400 will be due upon delivery.

Assuming that both Vendors A and B will be able to perform the required year-end maintenance, that Splish’s cost of funds is 10%, and the machine will be purchased on January 1, compute the following:

Click here to view factor tables

The present value of the cash flows for vendor A. (Round factor values to 5 decimal places, e.g. 1.25124 and final answer to 0 decimal places, e.g. 458,581.)

The present value of the cash flows for vendor B. (Round factor values to 5 decimal places, e.g. 1.25124 and final answer to 0 decimal places, e.g. 458,581.)

The present value of the cash flows for vendor C. (Round factor values to 5 decimal places, e.g. 1.25124 and final answer to 0 decimal places, e.g. 458,581.)

From which vendor should the press be purchased?

The Objective of this exercise is to apply a systematic analysis of a real ethical dilemma.

Reporting on Robin Williams When actor Robin Williams took his life in August of 2014, major news organizations covered the story in great detail. Most major news outlets reported on Marin County Sheriff’s Lt. Keith Boyd’s press conference, which revealed graphic details from the coroner’s report about the methods Williams used. While there was great interest on the part of the public in finding out what happened, many argued that reporting too much detail about the suicide violated the family’s privacy. Indeed, many of Robin Williams’s fans posted on Facebook, Twitter, and other social networks to express their objections to the media treatment of the suicide, urging reporters to respect the family’s right to grieve in peace. Several members of the mental health community also took issue with the detailed reports. Paul Farmer, chief executive of the mental health charity Mind, wrote to CNN that “When a media report describes clear details of unusual methods of suicide and essentially gives a “how to” guide—the danger is it can make suicide seem like a more accessible action to take.” Some journalists expressed similar viewpoints, criticizing the reports as a clear violation of media ethics. According to the Press Complaints Commission, “When reporting suicide, care should be taken to avoid excessive detail about the method used.” Yet other journalists argued that the primary responsibility of the media was to report the story truthfully and factually. In an op-ed in the LA Times, Andrew Klavan wrote, “The manner of Williams’ death is public information. Journalists should report it as long as it remains of interest to the public. It is not a journalist’s job to protect us from the ugly facts.” Klavan argued that the journalist’s duty is not to do good or be wise, but to report the whole story, which may in fact be a part of a larger story unfolding elsewhere. Sheriff Boyd similarly defended his own actions by stating that he had a duty to report the details as part of the public record. In an interview with Today, Williams’s daughter Zelda discussed how her father never sought to hide his problems, mentioning his openness about struggling with alcoholism. She stated, “I think that one of the things that is changing, that is wonderful, is that people are finally starting to approach talking about illnesses that people can’t immediately see…He didn’t like people feeling like the things that were hard for them they should go through alone.”

Discussion Questions

1. Systematic moral analysis (SMA) first requires identifying the problems in a situation. In this case, who was harmed and how? You may reference the list of moral rules in the transcript of the narration below.

2. The second step of SMA requires asking who is responsible. Is Sheriff Boyd responsible? The journalists? Anyone else? How do their role-related responsibilities relate to the harm caused?

3. Third in the process of SMA is to consider whether or not the action can be justified. Do you think the role-related responsibilities of Sheriff Boyd or the journalists justified their actions? Why or why not? What alternative ways of reporting Robin Williams’s suicide would have caused less harm?

4. Finally, if you had been in the position of Sheriff Boyd or the journalists, what do you think would have been the ethically ideal action to take?

The Objective of this exercise is to apply a systematic analysis of a real ethical dilemma.

Reporting on Robin Williams When actor Robin Williams took his life in August of 2014, major news organizations covered the story in great detail. Most major news outlets reported on Marin County Sheriff’s Lt. Keith Boyd’s press conference, which revealed graphic details from the coroner’s report about the methods Williams used. While there was great interest on the part of the public in finding out what happened, many argued that reporting too much detail about the suicide violated the family’s privacy. Indeed, many of Robin Williams’s fans posted on Facebook, Twitter, and other social networks to express their objections to the media treatment of the suicide, urging reporters to respect the family’s right to grieve in peace. Several members of the mental health community also took issue with the detailed reports. Paul Farmer, chief executive of the mental health charity Mind, wrote to CNN that “When a media report describes clear details of unusual methods of suicide and essentially gives a “how to” guide—the danger is it can make suicide seem like a more accessible action to take.” Some journalists expressed similar viewpoints, criticizing the reports as a clear violation of media ethics. According to the Press Complaints Commission, “When reporting suicide, care should be taken to avoid excessive detail about the method used.” Yet other journalists argued that the primary responsibility of the media was to report the story truthfully and factually. In an op-ed in the LA Times, Andrew Klavan wrote, “The manner of Williams’ death is public information. Journalists should report it as long as it remains of interest to the public. It is not a journalist’s job to protect us from the ugly facts.” Klavan argued that the journalist’s duty is not to do good or be wise, but to report the whole story, which may in fact be a part of a larger story unfolding elsewhere. Sheriff Boyd similarly defended his own actions by stating that he had a duty to report the details as part of the public record. In an interview with Today, Williams’s daughter Zelda discussed how her father never sought to hide his problems, mentioning his openness about struggling with alcoholism. She stated, “I think that one of the things that is changing, that is wonderful, is that people are finally starting to approach talking about illnesses that people can’t immediately see…He didn’t like people feeling like the things that were hard for them they should go through alone.”

Discussion Questions

1. Systematic moral analysis (SMA) first requires identifying the problems in a situation. In this case, who was harmed and how? You may reference the list of moral rules in the transcript of the narration below.

2. The second step of SMA requires asking who is responsible. Is Sheriff Boyd responsible? The journalists? Anyone else? How do their role-related responsibilities relate to the harm caused?

3. Third in the process of SMA is to consider whether or not the action can be justified. Do you think the role-related responsibilities of Sheriff Boyd or the journalists justified their actions? Why or why not? What alternative ways of reporting Robin Williams’s suicide would have caused less harm?

4. Finally, if you had been in the position of Sheriff Boyd or the journalists, what do you think would have been the ethically ideal action to take?

Tobacco companies are required to include warning labels on cigarette packaging. It has been recommended that they illustrate the effects of cigarette smoking. These images are quite graphic; examples include diseased lungs and a man exhaling cigarette smoke through his neck by way of a tracheotomy hole.

Respond to the following questions:

1. How do you feel about these regulations?

2. Will this type of packaging make a difference in the number of people who smoke? If not, can you think of other ways to encourage people to quit or prevent others from starting this habit?

3. Do you think these kinds of labels should be used to deter people from purchasing unhealthy foods? For instance, should soda labels have pictures of rotting teeth?

Answer the following short questions and give a reason to support your answer. Please note that no marks will be awarded if you do not provide a reason to support your answer.

1. Give two situations in which you would recommend the sample median over the sample mean as a measure of location.(Give statistical comparison)

2. Is the sample mean always larger than the sample median for skewed data?(Give graphic example)

3. Is it true that histograms are a more effective graphical summary than boxplots when comparing two or more samples of data?

4.Is it true that if B is a subset of A then P(A∩Bc)=P(A)−P(Bc)?

5.Is it true that discrete random variables always take integer or whole number values?

. Every textbook on brain behaviour relationships has one or another version of the famous motor ‘homunculus’ – the distorted body part graphic drawn juxtaposed to the primary motor cortex. The motor homunculus is based on Penfield’s groundbreaking work showing that the amount of cortical area affecting movement of a given body part was not related to the body part’s size but to its motor control capability (thus the grotesquely enlarged appearance of the homunculus’ lips and hands). Penfield used short-duration electrical pulses in the posterior region of the frontal lobe that elicited, simple, nearly reflexive, twitch-like movements. Had his electrical stimulation been of much longer-duration, what type of movements would he have likely elicited from there?

A hydraulic press for compacting powdered samples has a large cylinder which is

10.0 cm in diameter, and a small cylinder with a diameter of 2.0 cm. A lever is attached to the small cylinder as shown in (Figure 1) . The sample, which is placed on the large cylinder, has an area of 4.0 cm2.

What is the pressure on the sample if F = 320N is applied to the lever?

Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.

Several weeks ago an article appeared in the press comparing the Fit Bit exercise monitor to the Garmin monitor. In fact, earlier reports suggested that the Fit Bit monitor was inaccurate in a number of its readings. you are asked by a medical society to measure the effectiveness of the Fit Bit tracker. Your question would be “Does use of the Fit Bit tracker lead its users to lose weight?”

a. What test would you suggest conducting here? Would you use two independent samples or a dependent sample? Why?

b. What data would you collect?

c. What would your null and alternative hypotheses be?

1(a) Using a driving simulator, a human factors psychologist measured the time to press the brake pedal after a visual alert for younger and older drivers. The mean reaction time for a sample of 20 young drivers was 2.8 sec with a standard deviation of .3 sec, and 3.2 sec for a sample of 18 older drivers with a standard deviation of .4. Compute a 99% confidence interval for the difference between the population means for the two groups using the t-distribution. What is the lower limit?

(b) Using a driving simulator, a human factors psychologist measured the time to press the brake pedal after a visual alert for younger and older drivers. The mean reaction time for a sample of 20 younger drivers was 2.8 sec with a standard deviation of .3 sec, and 3.2 sec for a sample of 18 older drivers with a standard deviation of .4. Compute a 95% confidence interval for the difference between the population means for the two groups using the t-distribution. What is the lower limit?