Which of the following items are exclusions from gross income?

(Please include the code section if applicable)

1. Alimony payments received from a divorce settlement in 2016.
2. Damages award received by the taxpayer for personal physical injury—none were for punitive damages.
3. A new golf cart won in a church raffle.
4. Amount collected on a loan previously made to a college friend.
5. Insurance proceeds paid to the taxpayer on the death of her uncle—she was the designated beneficiary under the policy.

Consider the way emotions have been perceived in a negative light through much of history, both by philosophers (i.e., Plato, Descartes) and by the Christian church (i.e, equating emotions with our “fleshly” nature). Contemporary views from various directions (i.e., neuroscience researchers, Scripture) tend to view emotion/feelings in a more positive light.

Should the field of psychology (i.e., Freud, behaviorists, humanistic psychologists) be given credit for this shift in perception? 250 words or more

"Why Can’t We Just Get Along?"  Please respond to the following in at least 250 words and include any sources you use:

using the Oyez audio file and transcript (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. (go to "Opinion Announcement," which is a seven minute audio clip on the court's decision on the Snyder v. Phelps case), briefly summarize the facts of the Snyder v. Phelps (2011) case. By using facts presented, clearly explain why the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Westboro Baptist Church. Then, tell us why you agree/disagree with the Court’s decision.

In the city of Urbanville, land is divided between supermarkets and houses (for residents). There is a train station at x = 0.

- Urbanville residents all work from home. Their utility of living in the city is U = 20 − R, where R is the rent they pay. These residents also have the option of moving out of the city and living far away from Urbanville. Doing so gives them a utility of U₀ = 18.

- Supermarkets receive goods from the central train station. Their profits are π = P_g − 2d − R. In the profit equation, d stands for the distance to the train station.

- The price of groceries is P_g= 10.

(a) Draw the bid rent curves for supermarkets and houses (b_s and b_h).

(b) Find x* , such that land from 0 to x* is used for supermarkets and land farther away than x* is used for houses.
(c) Draw the new bid-rent curve for supermarkets (b'_s ) and find x₁, the new boundary between supermarkets and houses.

Transportation costs fall, such that supermarket profits are now given by π' = P_g − d − R.

(d) On the same diagram as before, draw the new bid-rent curve for supermarkets (b'_s ) and find x1, the new boundary between supermarkets and houses.

Q2.

(a) What are the differences between an energy based ligand design method such as GRID and a
knowledge based one like LUDI? What are the requirements of a knowledge based ligand design
method?

(b) Interpret the following QSAR equation: log (1/C)=k 1 ?-k 2 ? 2 + k 3 ?. How are factorial design
methods using in QSAR compound selection? Briefly outline how multiple linear regression analysis is
used in the derivation of a QSAR equation. How is cross-validation used for checking the quality of a
regression based QSAR model?

Q3.

(a) Use the example of molecular docking of the antibiotic netropsin to DNA to distinguish
quantitatively the differences between steepest descent and conjugate gradient methods for initial
refinement and stringent minimization. What qualitative conclusions can be drawn about the efficacy
of these two minimization techniques with respect to this docking experiment?

(b) Using two
examples, explain the thermodynamic differences between the Molecular Dynamics and Monte Carlo
methods. What are the advantages to choosing periodic boundary conditions in ANY molecular
simulation of a macromolecule? Use a diagram to plot 4 such periodic cell shapes. What important
class of applied molecular simulations have benefitted from the usage of periodic boundary

Data from 1991 General Social Survey classify a sample of Americans according to their gender and their opinion about afterlife (example from A. Agresti, 1996, “Introduction to categorical data analysis”). The opinions about afterlife were classified into two categories: Yes and No (or undecided). For example, for the females in the sample - 435 said that they believed in an afterlife and 147 said that they did not or were undecided.

Estimate the proportion of females who believed in an afterlife (Use a 95% Confidence Interval).

Test hypothesis that the majority of females (that is, more than 50% females) believed in an afterlife.

- Using a z-score test

Using c² test

The heat evolved in calories per gram of a cement mixture is approximately normally distributed. The population mean is thought to be 100, and the population standard deviation σ is 2. You wish to test H0 : µ = 100 versus H1 : µ 6= 100. Note that this is a two-sided test and they give you σ, the population standard deviation. (a) State the distribution of X¯ assuming that the null is true and n = 9.

(b) Find the boundary of the rejection region for the test statistic (these critical values will be z-values) if the type I error probability is α = 0.01.

(c) Find the boundary of the rejection region in terms of ¯x if the type I error probability is α = 0.01. In other words, how much lower than 100 must X¯ be to reject and how much higher than 100 must X¯ be to reject. You will have an ¯xlow and an ¯xhigh defining the rejection region. HINT: You are un-standardizing your z from part (b) here.

(d) What is the type I error probability α for the test if the acceptance region for the hypothesis test is instead defined as 98.5 ≤ x¯ ≤ 101.5? Recall that α is the probability of rejecting H0 when H0 is actually true.

Non-Parametric Tests

Complete each part and then put together a finalized report (Word document) of your findings. Copy/Paste any tables, Excel formulas, etc. in an appendix at the end of the document.

Part I - Do Students Really Cheat?

In a recent poll, 400 students were asked about their experiences with witnessing academic dishonesty among their classmates. Suppose 172 students admitted to witnessing academic dishonesty, 205 stated they did not and 23 had no opinion. Use the sign test and a significance of 0.05 to determine whether there is a difference between the number of students that have witnessed academic dishonesty compared to those that have not.

Part II – Is There Really a Difference in Studying vs. “Obtaining Answers”

Salaries were collected by recent graduates that were placed in groups that either admitted to dishonesty during college or they were honest the entire degree. We wish to test if after graduation their salaries are the same or if there is a difference in their salaries? Use a level of significance of 0.10. Be sure to clearly state what you are testing as well as interpret your final results.

The data is as follows:

Address the following questions on ISO standards on information security management and ethics.

-Describe the Plan-Do-Check-Act process.

-What does this process accomplish?

-Discuss the difference between law and ethics; Research the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and discuss how it has impacted information security in an organization.