1.What are the four components of a process? What is the term that describes saving the state of one process, and restoring the state of another?

2.Draw and Explain function of Process Control Block(PCB).

3.      Explain 5 State process model, how it differ from 3 state Model. Which model is better, justify your answer

Homework – Problem #2

2. Ethics: Manipulating Data to Establish a Budget.

Healthy Bar, Inc., produces energy bars for sports enthusiasts. The company’s fiscal year ends on December 31. The production manager, Jim Wallace, is establishing a cost budget for the production department for each month of this coming quarter (January through March). At the end of March, Jim will be evaluated based on his ability to meet the budget for the three months ending March 31. In fact, Jim will receive a significant bonus if actual costs are below budgeted costs for the quarter. The production budget is typically established based on data from the last 18 months. These data are as follows:

You are the accountant who assists Jim in preparing an estimate of production costs for the next three months. You intend to use regression analysis to estimate costs, as was done in the past. Jim expects that 3,100 machine hours will be used in January, 3,650 machine hours in February, and 2,850 machine hours in March.

Jim approaches you and asks that you add $100,000 to production costs for each of the past 18 months before running the regression analysis. As he puts it, “After all, management always takes my proposed budgets and reduces them by about 10 percent. This is my way of leveling the playing field!”

Required:

A. Use Excel to perform regression analysis using the historical data provided.

1. Submit a printout of the results. Explain.
2. Use the regression output to develop the cost equation Y = f + vX by filling in the dollar amounts for f and v. Explain procedure and results in detail.
3. Calculate estimated production costs for January, February, and March. Also provide a total for three months. Explain procedure and results in detail.

B. Use Excel to perform regression analysis after adding $100,000 to production costs for each of the past 18 months, as Jim requested.

1. Submit a printout of the results. Explain procedure and results in detail and compare with #
2. Use the regression output to develop the cost equation Y = f + vX by filling in the dollar amounts for f and v. Explain procedure and results in detail and compare with #1
3. Calculate estimated production costs for January, February, and March. Also provide a total for the three months. Explain procedure and results in detail and Compare with #1

C. Why did Jim ask you to add $100,000 to production costs for each of the past 18 months? Explain

D. How should you handle Jim’s request? Explain

The offering selected= The Agency RE

Explain in detail, the following for your offering:

A. Privacy, security or ethical concerns regarding your offering; If not, explain a potential ethical
issue associated with the marketing and selling of this offering
B. Measures and metrics to determine whether the product has been successful, or not

The offering selected= The Agency RE

Explain in detail, the following for your offering:

A. Write a SMART (Specific, Measurable, Actionable, Realistic, Time-Sensitive) objective for your
offering for the next calendar year or fiscal year
B. Explain a public relations scenario that could be detrimental to your offering. Explain a plan for
how the organization would respond.

The offering selected= The Agency RE

Explain in detail, the following for your offering:
a. Application of the 5C’s framework (Company, Competitors, Collaborators, Customers and
Context)

The offering selected= The Agency RE

Explain in detail, the following for your offering

A. Current sales revenue – for both within the United States and outside the United States

B. The value proposition

Explain in detail the characters in the product variety concept. Give examples in support of your answers.

A transect is an archaeological study area that is 1/5 mile wide and 1 mile long. A site in a transect is the location of a significant archaeological find. Let x represent the number of sites per transect. In a section of Chaco Canyon, a large number of transects showed that x has a population variance σ² = 42.3. In a different section of Chaco Canyon, a random sample of 23 transects gave a sample variance s² = 47.9 for the number of sites per transect. Use a 5% level of significance to test the claim that the variance in the new section is greater than 42.3. Find a 95% confidence interval for the population variance.

(a) What is the level of significance?


State the null and alternate hypotheses.

H_o: σ² = 42.3; H₁: σ² < 42.3H_o: σ² = 42.3; H₁: σ² > 42.3    H_o: σ² > 42.3; H₁: σ² = 42.3H_o: σ² = 42.3; H₁: σ² ≠ 42.3

(b) Find the value of the chi-square statistic for the sample. (Round your answer to two decimal places.)


What are the degrees of freedom?


What assumptions are you making about the original distribution?

We assume a exponential population distribution.We assume a normal population distribution.    We assume a binomial population distribution.We assume a uniform population distribution.

(c) Find or estimate the P-value of the sample test statistic.

P-value > 0.1000.050 < P-value < 0.100    0.025 < P-value < 0.0500.010 < P-value < 0.0250.005 < P-value < 0.010P-value < 0.005

(d) Based on your answers in parts (a) to (c), will you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis?

Since the P-value > α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.Since the P-value > α, we reject the null hypothesis.    Since the P-value ≤ α, we reject the null hypothesis.Since the P-value ≤ α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

(e) Interpret your conclusion in the context of the application.

At the 5% level of significance, there is insufficient evidence to conclude conclude that the variance is greater in the new section.At the 5% level of significance, there is sufficient evidence to conclude conclude that the variance is greater in the new section.    

(f) Find the requested confidence interval for the population variance. (Round your answers to two decimal places.)

Interpret the results in the context of the application.

We are 95% confident that σ² lies below this interval.We are 95% confident that σ² lies above this interval.    We are 95% confident that σ² lies outside this interval.We are 95% confident that σ² lies within this interval.

A transect is an archaeological study area that is 1/5 mile wide and 1 mile long. A site in a transect is the location of a significant archaeological find. Let x represent the number of sites per transect. In a section of Chaco Canyon, a large number of transects showed that x has a population variance σ² = 42.3. In a different section of Chaco Canyon, a random sample of 22 transects gave a sample variance s² = 51.5 for the number of sites per transect. Use a 5% level of significance to test the claim that the variance in the new section is greater than 42.3. Find a 95% confidence interval for the population variance.

(a) What is the level of significance?


State the null and alternate hypotheses.

H_o: σ² = 42.3; H₁: σ² > 42.3H_o: σ² > 42.3; H₁: σ² = 42.3    H_o: σ² = 42.3; H₁: σ² ≠ 42.3H_o: σ² = 42.3; H₁: σ² < 42.3

(b) Find the value of the chi-square statistic for the sample. (Round your answer to two decimal places.)


What are the degrees of freedom?


What assumptions are you making about the original distribution?

We assume a uniform population distribution.We assume a binomial population distribution.    We assume a normal population distribution.We assume a exponential population distribution.

(c) Find or estimate the P-value of the sample test statistic.

P-value > 0.1000.050 < P-value < 0.100    0.025 < P-value < 0.0500.010 < P-value < 0.0250.005 < P-value < 0.010P-value < 0.005

(d) Based on your answers in parts (a) to (c), will you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis?

Since the P-value > α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.Since the P-value > α, we reject the null hypothesis.    Since the P-value ≤ α, we reject the null hypothesis.Since the P-value ≤ α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

(e) Interpret your conclusion in the context of the application.

At the 5% level of significance, there is insufficient evidence to conclude conclude that the variance is greater in the new section.At the 5% level of significance, there is sufficient evidence to conclude conclude that the variance is greater in the new section.    

(f) Find the requested confidence interval for the population variance. (Round your answers to two decimal places.)

Interpret the results in the context of the application.

We are 95% confident that σ² lies outside this interval.We are 95% confident that σ² lies above this interval.    We are 95% confident that σ² lies below this interval.We are 95% confident that σ² lies within this interval.

A transect is an archaeological study area that is 1/5 mile wide and 1 mile long. A site in a transect is the location of a significant archaeological find. Let x represent the number of sites per transect. In a section of Chaco Canyon, a large number of transects showed that x has a population variance σ² = 42.3. In a different section of Chaco Canyon, a random sample of 26 transects gave a sample variance s² = 46.7 for the number of sites per transect. Use a 5% level of significance to test the claim that the variance in the new section is greater than 42.3. Find a 95% confidence interval for the population variance.

(a) What is the level of significance?


State the null and alternate hypotheses.

H_o: σ² = 42.3; H₁: σ² < 42.3

H_o: σ² = 42.3; H₁: σ² > 42.3  

  H_o: σ² > 42.3; H₁: σ² = 42.3

H_o: σ² = 42.3; H₁: σ² ≠ 42.3

(b) Find the value of the chi-square statistic for the sample. (Round your answer to two decimal places.)


What are the degrees of freedom?


What assumptions are you making about the original distribution?

We assume a uniform population distribution.

We assume a binomial population distribution.    

We assume a normal population distribution.

We assume a exponential population distribution.

(c) Find or estimate the P-value of the sample test statistic.

P-value > 0.1000

.050 < P-value < 0.100  

  0.025 < P-value < 0.0500

.010 < P-value < 0.0250

.005 < P-value < 0.010

P-value < 0.005

(d) Based on your answers in parts (a) to (c), will you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis?

Since the P-value > α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

Since the P-value > α, we reject the null hypothesis.    

Since the P-value ≤ α, we reject the null hypothesis.

Since the P-value ≤ α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

(e) Interpret your conclusion in the context of the application.

At the 5% level of significance, there is insufficient evidence to conclude conclude that the variance is greater in the new section.At the 5% level of significance, there is sufficient evidence to conclude conclude that the variance is greater in the new section.    

(f) Find the requested confidence interval for the population variance. (Round your answers to two decimal places.)

Interpret the results in the context of the application.

We are 95% confident that σ² lies below this interval.

We are 95% confident that σ² lies outside this interval.   

We are 95% confident that σ² lies within this interval.

We are 95% confident that σ² lies above this interval.