1. Jasper Fruits Corporation wholesales peaches and oranges. Barbara Jasper is working with the company’s accountant to prepare next year’s budget. Ms. Jasper estimates that sales will increase 6 percent for peaches and 11 percent for oranges. The current year’s sales revenue data follow:

   	First Quarter			Second Quarter			Third Quarter			Fourth Quarter			Total
   Peaches	$	238,000		$	258,000		$	318,000		$	258,000		$	1,072,000
   Oranges		419,000			469,000			589,000			399,000			1,876,000
   Total	$	657,000		$	727,000		$	907,000		$	657,000		$	2,948,000

   Based on the company’s past experience, cost of goods sold is usually 70 percent of sales revenue. Company policy is to keep 20 percent of the next period’s estimated cost of goods sold as the current period’s ending inventory. (Hint: Use the cost of goods sold for the first quarter to determine the beginning inventory for the first quarter.)

   Prepare the company’s sales budget for the next year for each quarter by individual product.

2. If the selling and administrative expenses are estimated to be $670,000, prepare the company’s budgeted annual income statement.

3. Ms.Jasper estimates next year’s ending inventory will be $35,100 for peaches and $56,000 for oranges. Prepare the company’s inventory purchases budgets for the next year, showing quarterly figures by product.

Jasper Fruits Corporation wholesales peaches and oranges. Barbara Jasper is working with the company’s accountant to prepare next year’s budget. Ms. Jasper estimates that sales will increase 3 percent for peaches and 8 percent for oranges. The current year’s sales revenue data follow:

Based on the company’s past experience, cost of goods sold is usually 65 percent of sales revenue. Company policy is to keep 15 percent of the next period’s estimated cost of goods sold as the current period’s ending inventory. (Hint: Use the cost of goods sold for the first quarter to determine the beginning inventory for the first quarter.)

Required

Prepare the company’s sales budget for the next year for each quarter by individual product.

If the selling and administrative expenses are estimated to be $610,000, prepare the company’s budgeted annual income statement.

Ms.Jasper estimates next year’s ending inventory will be $35,500 for peaches and $56,400 for oranges. Prepare the company’s inventory purchases budgets for the next year, showing quarterly figures by product.

The following report outlines the most recent data on the current US budget deficit. Please discuss in full how you believe deficit spending has influenced the US economy. Your essay should (1) describe the factors contributing to this deficit, i.e. the effect of taxes and spending on the US budget deficit. (2) Explain, using aggregate supply and aggregate demand analysis why the white House believes deficit spending will boosts US economic growth. (3) Explain, based on the current state of the economy whether deficit spending will have an inflationary effect on the economy, and whether it will significantly enhance economic growth. You must use current information reported by the BLS on CPI and GDP trends when presenting this explanation. You must also use aggregate supply and aggregate demand analysis when presenting this explanation. (4) Your explanation on the tax cut effect must use the tax multiplier to reveal how a tax cut effects aggregate demand. (5) explain supply side economics and this theory’s hypothesis on the expected effect of economic growth due to a tax reduction. Your essay should be at least five paragraphs that separately address each of the number required explanations, and must include a figure of aggregate demand and aggregate supply to refer to when explaining you view on this topic.

Bloomberg U.S. Budget Deficit Widens to $319 Billion Amid Flat Revenue By Katia Dmitrieva

February 13, 2019 1:00 PM CST Updated on February 13, 2019 1:40 PM CST

The U.S. budget deficit widened to $319 billion in the first three months of the government’s fiscal year as spending increased and revenue was little changed, according to the Treasury Department.

The shortfall grew by 42 percent between the October to December period, compared with the same three months the previous year, according to the latest Treasury monthly budget report released on Wednesday. Receipts climbed by 0.2 percent to $771.2 billion, while spending was up 9.6 percent to $1.1 trillion.

The latest data will likely fan concerns over America’s growing national debt, which topped $22 trillion this week. The fiscal deficit is projected to keep growing and surpass $1 trillion by 2022, according to the Congressional Budget Office, fueled in part by President Donald Trump’s $1.5 trillion tax-cut package and government spending increases. The White House has said the measures will boost U.S. economic growth and create jobs.

Tariffs imposed by the Trump administration on Chinese goods and other imports including steel and aluminum are boosting revenue. Customs receipts nearly doubled to $17.8 billion in the first quarter from a year earlier, according to Treasury. The trend is “largely because of new tariffs imposed by administration in the past year,” according to a separate budget analysis by the non-partisan Congressional Budget Office released last month.

Corporate and individual-income tax receipts both fell in the quarter, by 17.3 percent and 3.5 percent respectively, the Treasury data showed.

The growing budget deficit is concerning for fiscal hawks, who say it risks economic growth and U.S. credit quality. Net interest payments on the national debt jumped 19 percent to $99.6 billion in the first quarter of fiscal 2019.

The government ran a deficit of $13.5 billion in December, compared with a $23.2 billion-gap the same month a year prior, according to Treasury. The department’s report was originally scheduled for release in January but was delayed by the partial government shutdown.

a. Built-in (or automatic) stabilizers work by changing ______ so that changes in GDP are reduced.

multiple choice 1

• government payouts and interest rates

• taxes and government payouts

• interest rates and investment

• wages and prices

b. What type of tax system would have the most built-in stability?

multiple choice 2

• A progressive tax because it increases at an increasing rate as incomes rise, thus having more of a dampening effect on rising (or falling) incomes.

• A regressive tax since it acts as a cushion on declining incomes—the tax bite is less, which leaves more of the lower income for spending.

• A proportional tax because individuals pay more in taxes if they have higher incomes, thus having more of a dampening effect on rising (or falling) incomes.

• A regressive tax because those with higher incomes pay a smaller proportion of their income in tax and thus can spend more.

CALIFORNIA COMPANY

…. Uses job order costing. At the start of the year, January 1, the company had work-in-process which consisted of the following jobs and costs:

During the first quarter 3 more jobs were started – Job 4, Job 5 and Job 6. The following cost information is available for costs incurred during the month of January:

During the quarter, jobs 1, 3, 4 and 6 were all completed. In addition, Jobs 3 and 6 were sold before the end of the quarter.

The company uses normal costing and closes under- and over-applied overhead directly to Cost of Goods Sold. There was no finished-goods inventory at the start of the period. Selling and administrative expenses totaled $3,986 for the quarter. Actual overhead for the quarter totaled $19,000. The company had no other non-operating gains or losses. Assume a tax rate of 35%.

Required:

1. The company applies overhead based on direct labor cost – compute the predetermined overhead rate.
2. Set up summary work in process T-accounts and job cost sheets for each job for the first quarter.
3. Post all first quarter costs to the summary work in process AND individual job cost sheets. When posting, make sure you do a total column for each cost element and ONLY POST TOTALS to the general ledger T accounts.
4. Calculate the ending balance for each job as of March 31.
5. Calculate the ending balance in work-in process as of March 31.
6. Calculate the cost of goods manufactured for the quarter.
7. Calculate the normal (unadjusted) cost of goods sold for the quarter. Calculate the adjusted cost of goods sold. WHY are they different? Why do we need both? What is the reason for the normal cost of goods sold?
8. During the quarter, did finished goods inventory increase or decrease AND by how much? WHY?
9. Compute the over/underapplied overhead for the quarter.
10. Assuming that the company prices its jobs at full cost plus 50%, calculate the sales revenue for the quarter.
11. Prepare an income statement for the first quarter.
12. WHY would the company use normal costing versus actual costing?

Endless Mountain Company manufactures a single product that is popular with outdoor recreation enthusiasts. The company sells its product to retailers throughout the northeastern quadrant of the United States. It is in the process of creating a master budget for 2022 and reports a balance sheet at December 31, 2021 as follows:

The company’s chief financial officer (CFO), in consultation with various managers across the organization has developed the following set of assumptions to help create the 2022 budget:

1. The budgeted unit sales are 12,000 units, 37,000 units, 15,000 units, and 25,000 units for quarters 1-4, respectively. Notice that the company experiences peak sales in the second and fourth quarters. The budgeted selling price for the year is $32 per unit. The budgeted unit sales for the first quarter of 2023 is 13,000 units.
2. All sales are on credit. Uncollectible accounts are negligible and can be ignored. Seventy-five percent of all credit sales are collected in the quarter of the sale and 25% are collected in the subsequent quarter.
3. Each quarter’s ending finished goods inventory should equal 15% of the next quarter’s unit sales.
4. Each unit of finished goods requires 3.5 yards of raw material that costs $3.00 per yard. Each quarter’s ending raw materials inventory should equal 10% of the next quarter’s production needs. The estimated ending raw materials inventory on December 31, 2022 is 5,000 yards.
5. Seventy percent of each quarter’s purchases are paid for in the quarter of purchase. The remaining 30% of each quarter’s purchases are paid in the following quarter.
6. Direct laborers are paid $18 an hour and each unit of finished goods requires 0.25 direct labor-hours to complete. All direct labor costs are paid in the quarter incurred.
7. The budgeted variable manufacturing overhead per direct labor-hour is $3.00. The quarterly fixed manufacturing overhead is $150,000 including $20,000 of depreciation on equipment. The number of direct labor-hours is used as the allocation base for the budgeted plantwide overhead rate. All overhead costs (excluding depreciation) are paid in the quarter incurred.
8. The budgeted variable selling and administrative expense is $1.25 per unit sold. The fixed selling and administrative expenses per quarter include advertising ($25,000), executive salaries ($64,000), insurance ($12,000), property tax ($8,000), and depreciation expense ($8,000). All selling and administrative expenses (excluding depreciation) are paid in the quarter incurred.
9. The company plans to maintain a minimum cash balance at the end of each quarter of $30,000. Assume that any borrowings take place on the first day of the quarter. To the extent possible, the company will repay principal and interest on any borrowings on the last day of the fourth quarter. The company’s lender imposes a simple interest rate of 3% per quarter on any borrowings.
10. Dividends of $15,000 will be declared and paid in each quarter.
11. The company uses a last-in, first-out (LIFO) inventory flow assumption. This means that the most recently purchased raw materials are the “first-out” to production and the most recently completed finished goods are the “first-out” to customers.

    1. Calculate the following budgeted figures for 2022:

    a. The total fixed cost.

    b. The variable cost per unit sold.

    c. The contribution margin per unit sold.

    d. The break-even point in unit sales and dollar sales.

    e. The margin of safety.

    f. The degree of operating leverage

    2. Prepare a budgeted variable costing income statement for 2022. Stop your computations at net operating income.

Endless Mountain Company manufactures a single product that is popular with outdoor recreation enthusiasts. The company sells its product to retailers throughout the northeastern quadrant of the United States. It is in the process of creating a master budget for 2017 and reports a balance sheet at December 31, 2016 as follows:

The company’s chief financial officer (CFO), in consultation with various managers across the organization has developed the following set of assumptions to help create the 2017 budget:

The budgeted unit sales are 12,000 units, 37,000 units, 15,000 units, and 25,000 units for quarters 1-4, respectively. Notice that the company experiences peak sales in the second and fourth quarters. The budgeted selling price for the year is $32 per unit. The budgeted unit sales for the first quarter of 2018 is 13,000 units.

All sales are on credit. Uncollectible accounts are negligible and can be ignored. Seventy-five percent of all credit sales are collected in the quarter of the sale and 25% are collected in the subsequent quarter.

Each quarter’s ending finished goods inventory should equal 15% of the next quarter’s unit sales.

Each unit of finished goods requires 3.5 yards of raw material that costs $3.00 per yard. Each quarter’s ending raw materials inventory should equal 10% of the next quarter’s production needs. The estimated ending raw materials inventory on December 31, 2017 is 5,000 yards.

Seventy percent of each quarter’s purchases are paid for in the quarter of purchase. The remaining 30% of each quarter’s purchases are paid in the following quarter.

Direct laborers are paid $18 an hour and each unit of finished goods requires 0.25 direct labor-hours to complete. All direct labor costs are paid in the quarter incurred.

The budgeted variable manufacturing overhead per direct labor-hour is $3.00. The quarterly fixed manufacturing overhead is $150,000 including $20,000 of depreciation on equipment. The number of direct labor-hours is used as the allocation base for the budgeted plantwide overhead rate. All overhead costs (excluding depreciation) are paid in the quarter incurred.

The budgeted variable selling and administrative expense is $1.25 per unit sold. The fixed selling and administrative expenses per quarter include advertising ($25,000), executive salaries ($64,000), insurance ($12,000), property tax ($8,000), and depreciation expense ($8,000). All selling and administrative expenses (excluding depreciation) are paid in the quarter incurred.

The company plans to maintain a minimum cash balance at the end of each quarter of $30,000. Assume that any borrowings take place on the first day of the quarter. To the extent possible, the company will repay principal and interest on any borrowings on the last day of the fourth quarter. The company’s lender imposes a simple interest rate of 3% per quarter on any borrowings.

Dividends of $15,000 will be declared and paid in each quarter.

The company uses a last-in, first-out (LIFO) inventory flow assumption. This means that the most recently purchased raw materials are the “first-out” to production and the most recently completed finished goods are the “first-out” to customers.

Integration Exercise 10 Statement of Cash Flows [LO 14-1, LO 14-2]

Required:

1. Using the indirect method, calculate Endless Mountain Company’s estimated net cash provided by operating activities for 2017.

2. Prepare the company’s budgeted statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Endless Mountain Company manufactures a single product that is popular with outdoor recreation enthusiasts. The company sells its product to retailers throughout the northeastern quadrant of the United States. It is in the process of creating a master budget for 2017 and reports a balance sheet at December 31, 2016 as follows:

The company’s chief financial officer (CFO), in consultation with various managers across the organization has developed the following set of assumptions to help create the 2017 budget:

The budgeted unit sales are 12,000 units, 37,000 units, 15,000 units, and 25,000 units for quarters 1-4, respectively. Notice that the company experiences peak sales in the second and fourth quarters. The budgeted selling price for the year is $32 per unit. The budgeted unit sales for the first quarter of 2018 is 13,000 units.

All sales are on credit. Uncollectible accounts are negligible and can be ignored. Seventy-five percent of all credit sales are collected in the quarter of the sale and 25% are collected in the subsequent quarter.

Each quarter’s ending finished goods inventory should equal 15% of the next quarter’s unit sales.

Each unit of finished goods requires 3.5 yards of raw material that costs $3.00 per yard. Each quarter’s ending raw materials inventory should equal 10% of the next quarter’s production needs. The estimated ending raw materials inventory on December 31, 2017 is 5,000 yards.

Seventy percent of each quarter’s purchases are paid for in the quarter of purchase. The remaining 30% of each quarter’s purchases are paid in the following quarter.

Direct laborers are paid $18 an hour and each unit of finished goods requires 0.25 direct labor-hours to complete. All direct labor costs are paid in the quarter incurred.

The budgeted variable manufacturing overhead per direct labor-hour is $3.00. The quarterly fixed manufacturing overhead is $150,000 including $20,000 of depreciation on equipment. The number of direct labor-hours is used as the allocation base for the budgeted plantwide overhead rate. All overhead costs (excluding depreciation) are paid in the quarter incurred.

The budgeted variable selling and administrative expense is $1.25 per unit sold. The fixed selling and administrative expenses per quarter include advertising ($25,000), executive salaries ($64,000), insurance ($12,000), property tax ($8,000), and depreciation expense ($8,000). All selling and administrative expenses (excluding depreciation) are paid in the quarter incurred.

The company plans to maintain a minimum cash balance at the end of each quarter of $30,000. Assume that any borrowings take place on the first day of the quarter. To the extent possible, the company will repay principal and interest on any borrowings on the last day of the fourth quarter. The company’s lender imposes a simple interest rate of 3% per quarter on any borrowings.

Dividends of $15,000 will be declared and paid in each quarter.

The company uses a last-in, first-out (LIFO) inventory flow assumption. This means that the most recently purchased raw materials are the “first-out” to production and the most recently completed finished goods are the “first-out” to customers.

Required:

1. Calculate the following budgeted figures for 2017:

a. The total fixed cost.

b. The variable cost per unit sold.

c. The contribution margin per unit sold.

d. The break-even point in unit sales and dollar sales.

e. The margin of safety.

f. The degree of operating leverage

2. Prepare a budgeted variable costing income statement for 2017. Stop your computations at net operating income.

Required information

[The following information applies to the questions displayed below.]

Endless Mountain Company manufactures a single product that is popular with outdoor recreation enthusiasts. The company sells its product to retailers throughout the northeastern quadrant of the United States. It is in the process of creating a master budget for 2017 and reports a balance sheet at December 31, 2016 as follows:

The company’s chief financial officer (CFO), in consultation with various managers across the organization has developed the following set of assumptions to help create the 2017 budget:

The budgeted unit sales are 12,000 units, 37,000 units, 15,000 units, and 25,000 units for quarters 1-4, respectively. Notice that the company experiences peak sales in the second and fourth quarters. The budgeted selling price for the year is $32 per unit. The budgeted unit sales for the first quarter of 2018 is 13,000 units.

All sales are on credit. Uncollectible accounts are negligible and can be ignored. Seventy-five percent of all credit sales are collected in the quarter of the sale and 25% are collected in the subsequent quarter.

Each quarter’s ending finished goods inventory should equal 15% of the next quarter’s unit sales.

Each unit of finished goods requires 3.5 yards of raw material that costs $3.00 per yard. Each quarter’s ending raw materials inventory should equal 10% of the next quarter’s production needs. The estimated ending raw materials inventory on December 31, 2017 is 5,000 yards.

Seventy percent of each quarter’s purchases are paid for in the quarter of purchase. The remaining 30% of each quarter’s purchases are paid in the following quarter.

Direct laborers are paid $18 an hour and each unit of finished goods requires 0.25 direct labor-hours to complete. All direct labor costs are paid in the quarter incurred.

The budgeted variable manufacturing overhead per direct labor-hour is $3.00. The quarterly fixed manufacturing overhead is $150,000 including $20,000 of depreciation on equipment. The number of direct labor-hours is used as the allocation base for the budgeted plantwide overhead rate. All overhead costs (excluding depreciation) are paid in the quarter incurred.

The budgeted variable selling and administrative expense is $1.25 per unit sold. The fixed selling and administrative expenses per quarter include advertising ($25,000), executive salaries ($64,000), insurance ($12,000), property tax ($8,000), and depreciation expense ($8,000). All selling and administrative expenses (excluding depreciation) are paid in the quarter incurred.

The company plans to maintain a minimum cash balance at the end of each quarter of $30,000. Assume that any borrowings take place on the first day of the quarter. To the extent possible, the company will repay principal and interest on any borrowings on the last day of the fourth quarter. The company’s lender imposes a simple interest rate of 3% per quarter on any borrowings.

Dividends of $15,000 will be declared and paid in each quarter.

The company uses a last-in, first-out (LIFO) inventory flow assumption. This means that the most recently purchased raw materials are the “first-out” to production and the most recently completed finished goods are the “first-out” to customers.

Required:

1. Using the indirect method, calculate Endless Mountain Company’s estimated net cash provided by operating activities for 2017.

2. Prepare the company’s budgeted statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2017.