11. Which ofthe following statements correctly describesthe difference between ATP and the
nucleotides used during DNA synthesis?
A. ATP contains three high-energy bonds; the nucleotides havetwo.
B. The nucleotides have the sugar deoxyribose; ATP has the sugar ribose.
C. The nucleotides have two phosphate groups; ATP has three phosphate groups.
D. ATP isfound only in human cells; the nucleotides are found in all animal and plant cells.

1. Using the market for custom made cloth face masks as an example, answer the following questions.

1. Explain the difference between a change in the quantity demanded and a change in demand. Illustrate your answers with a diagram.
2. In this market, describe three things that could cause an increase in demand.
3. In class we discussed at least four different determinants of supply. Using the market for face masks as an example, describe three of these four determinants of supply and how they might change to cause an increase in supply.

The header of a Python function is shown below:

def result(one, two, three = 3, four)

(a) How do we call the situation with the third parameter in this header?

(b) Indicate the method of correspondence between formal and actual parameters

that is used in the following function call:

result(four = 14, two = 22, one = 1, three = 33)

(c) Explain what is wrong with the following function call:

result(14, four = 44, 2, 3)

Problem 2. The US National Park Service (NPS) believes that airborne sulfur pollution and acid rain has significantly reducing the water quality in several lakes and streams in the Adirondacks State Park in NY. Many of these water bodies are considered biologically ‘dead.’ Coal fired power plants in the Midwest contribute most of the pollution. If 70% of the sulfur pollution was removed, the NPS believes that many of the lakes and streams would return to their natural biological state. The costs and benefits associated with this project are as follows:

1. Construction cost for sulfur removal equipment = $300 million for each of the first three years of the project. (During these three years there are no other costs associated with the project.)

2. Operation and maintenance costs = $ 85 million per year (These costs begin to accrue once the project comes on-line in the fourth year. They continue to accrue over the entire life of the equipment, i.e., through the 20th year.)

3. Estimated increase in revenues earned by the Adirondacks State Park = $ 150 million per year (These additional revenues accrue so long as the sulfur reduction equipment is operating.)

4. Reduced incidence of acid rain in the Adirondacks Park area valued at: = $ 2 million per year. (These benefits begin accruing once the project comes on-line and are assumed to continue over an infinitely long time period.) Assume that the discount rate is 3% per year.

Sensitivity analysis: To determine the sensitivity of your conclusion regarding whether the project makes economic sense or not, (a) evaluate the project at a discount rate of 5% per year, and (b) assume that the estimated increase in Park revenues is $130 million per year instead of $150 million per year. You can assume a discount rate of 3% per year for this. What is your conclusion now?

Policy recommendation: Based on all your calculations, what is your overall recommendation regarding this project?

PROBLEM IV Binghamton University is building a recreation center. The estimated construction cost is $12 million with annual staffing and maintenance costs of $750,000 over the 20-year life of the project (ie, t = 0, 1, 2, …, 19). At the end of the life of the project (ie, at t = 19), Binghamton expects to be able to sell the land for $4 million, though the amount could be as low as $2 million and as high as $5 million. Analysts estimate the first-year benefits (accruing at the end of the year of the first year, ie at t =1) to be $1.2 million. They expect the annual benefit to grow in real terms due to increases in population and income. Their prediction is an annual growth rate of 4 percent, but it could be as low as 1 percent or as high as 6 percent. Analysts also estimate the real discount rate for Binghamton to be 6 percent per year, though it could be a percentage point lower or higher.

1. Calculate the present value of net benefits for this project using the analysts’ predictions.

2. Investigate the sensitivity of the present value of net benefits to alternative projections within the ranges given by the analysts. Change only one assumption at a time, and try all possible combinations of assumptions (there are 27 possible combinations).

3. Based on your analysis on parts 1 and 2 of this problem, do you think Binghamton University should build the recreation center?

4. Listed below are the combined city – highway fuel consumption ratings (in miles per gallons) for different cars measured in old rating system and cars in a new rating system introduced in 2008 (based on data from USA today). A. Construct a 90 percent confidence interval of the difference in the ratings of cars. (Use 3 decimal places) (10 pts) Old Rating: 16 18 27 17 33 28 33 18 24 19 18 27 22 18 20 29 19 27 20 21 New Rating: 15 16 24 15 29 25 29 16 22 17 16 24 20 16 18 26 17 25 18 19 B. Based on the interval is there a reason to believe that there is a difference in the ratings of the two cars? C. Is there any significant difference in the old and new ratings of cars? Use appropriate hypothesis test to answer this question.

An auditor for a hardware store chain wished to compare the efficiency of two different auditing techniques. To do this he selected a sample of nine store accounts and applied auditing techniques A and B to each of the nine accounts selected. The number of errors found in each of techniques A and B is listed in the table below:

Does the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the number of errors in auditing technique A is greater than the number of errors in auditing technique B at the 0.1 level of significance? Select the [Rejection Region, Decision of Reject (RH₀) or Failure to Reject (FRH₀)]. (Hint: the samples are dependent)

a) [t < -1.4, FRH₀]

b) [z < -1.4 and -z < -1.4, FRH₀]

c) [-t < 1.4 and t < 1.4, RH₀]

d) [t > 1.4, RH₀]

1-

Calculate a) arithmetic mean and b) standard deviation of the sample.

A)

b)

- Represent a classified frequency table. Answer the following questions in this table with column calculations.

Calculate a) arithmetic mean, b) quadratic mean, c) geometric mean, d) corrected standard deviation, e) mode and f) median

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

f)

Calculate and interpret g) skewness, h) curvature and ı) coefficient of consolidation?

g)

h)

ı)

What is the critical value, of which 90% of all observations have a larger value?

A marketing study was conducted to assess the new bottle design of a popular soft drink. Sixty randomly selected shoppers participated and rated the new design. The data are given below:

34 33 33 29 26 33 28 25 32 33
32 25 27 33 22 27 32 33 32 29
24 30 20 34 31 32 30 35 33 31
32 28 30 31 31 33 29 27 34 31
31 28 33 31 32 28 26 29 32 34
32 30 34 32 30 30 32 31 29 33

a. Explain why we need to construct a frequency distribution and histogram for this data set.
b. Construct a relative frequency distribution and a percent frequency distribution for the bottle design ratings.
c. Construct a cumulative frequency distribution and cumulative percent frequency distribution.

Question text

7-step Hypothesis Testing Problem

Complete the 7 steps in Excel and upload the file here

Two major automobile manufacturers have produced compact cars with the same size engines.We are interested in determining whether or not there is a significant difference in the MPG (miles per gallon) of the two brands of automobiles.A random sample of eight cars from each manufacturer is selected, and eight drivers are selected to drive each automobile for a specified distance.The following data show the results of the test.

At the 0.05 level of significance, conduct a 7-step hypothesis test to determine whether there is a significant difference in the MPG (miles per gallon) of the two brands of automobiles.

THE CODE MUST BE PYTHON

superHeroes = {
"MoleculeMan": {
"age": 29,
"secretIdentity": "Dan Jukes",
"superpowers": [
"Radiation Immunity",
"Turning tiny",
"Radiation blast"
]
},
"MadameUppercut": {
"age": 39,
"secretIdentity": "Jane Wilson",
"superpowers": [
"Million tonne punch",
"Damage resistance",
"Superhuman reflexes"
]
},
"EternalFlame": {
"age": 1000,
"secretIdentity": "Unknown",
"superpowers": [
"Immortality",
"Heat Immunity",
"Inferno",
"Teleportation",
"Interdimensional travel"
]
},
"Doomguy": {
"age": 27,
"secretIdentity": "Space Trooper",
"superpowers": [
"Immortality",
"Heat Immunity",
"Teleportation",
"Super Speed",
"Superhuman reflexes"
]
},
"Maui":{
"age": 2352,
"secretIdentity": "Unknown",
"superpowers": [
"Immortality",
"Super Speed"
]
},
"Superwoman":{
"age": 1167,
"secretIdentity": "Lois Lane",
"superpowers": [
"Immortality",
"Super Speed",
"Superhuman reflexes"
]
} ,
  
}

# Question 2 (5 points)
# Output a set containing the ages of all the superheroes.
# Output the name and the age of the youngest superhero.
# Sample output is below.

Set of all ages: {39, 1000, 1167, 2352, 27, 29}
Doomguy is 27 years old.