1. We are evaluating a project that costs $1,950,000, has a six-year life and has no salvage value. Assume that depreciation is straight-line to zero over the life of the project. Sales are projected at 97,000 units per year. Price per unit is $41.25, variable cost per unit is $18.50 and fixed costs are $950,000 per year. An initial investment of $250,000 in net working capital will be required and it is assumed that this amount will be recovered at the end of the project. The tax rate is 21 percent and you have the following information about the capital structure of the firm. Do this problem in Excel and attach the spreadsheet.

1. Calculate cash flow and NPV. What is the sensitivity of NPV to changes in the sales figure. Explain what your answer tells you about a 500-unit decrease in projected sales.
2. What is the sensitivity of OCF to changes in the variable cost figure? Explain what your answer tells you about a $1 decrease in estimated variable costs.

The information on the following page was obtained from the records of Breanna, Inc.:

Except as otherwise indicated, assume that all balance sheet items reflect account balances at December 31, 2016, and that all income statement items reflect activities that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2016. There were no changes in paid-in capital during the year.

Required:

a. Prepare an income statement and statement of changes in stockholders' equity for the year ended December 31, 2016, and a balance sheet at December 31, 2016, for Breanna, Inc. Based on the financial statements that you have prepared for part a, answer the questions in parts b-e.

b. What is the company's average income tax rate?

c. What interest rate is charged on long-term debt?

d. What is the par value per share of common stock?

e. What is the company's dividend policy (i.e., what proportion of the company's earnings are used for dividends)?

We are evaluating a project that costs $2,190,000, has a 8-year life, and has no salvage value. Assume that depreciation is straight-line to zero over the life of the project. Sales are projected at 91,200 units per year. Price per unit is $38.97, variable cost per unit is $24.05, and fixed costs are $866,000 per year. The tax rate is 22 percent, and we require a return of 11 percent on this project.

a. Calculate the base-case operating cash flow and NPV. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)

b. What is the sensitivity of NPV to changes in the sales figure? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 3 decimal places, e.g., 32.161.)

c. If there is a 350-unit decrease in projected sales, how much would the NPV change? (A negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)

d. What is the sensitivity of OCF to changes in the variable cost figure? (A negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole number, e.g., 32.)

e. If there is a $1 decrease in estimated variable costs, how much would the OCF change? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole number, e.g., 32.)

1. Forum Discussion: Select ONE of the following prompts and write a 200-250 word essay.

A. Graphic Design
Graphic Design is an ever-growing occupation. All businesses use graphic designers, whether "in-house" or subcontractors from firms specializing in the industry. Business cards, logos, letterheads, etc. are used on a daily basis to communicate with others and advertise business. Look at some of the products around you--soap, beverages, fast food items, clothing. Each has a specific logo that you recognize. Pepsi has a circular object that vaguely resembles a yin/yang symbol. White Castle burgers are small and square with a castle as their logo.

Observe the items you consume each day. When you purchase the items how do you identify them in a store? What if the label had been changed, would you still recognize it?

Over time, most logos have changed; however, the changes have been so gradual you probably didn't notice. Select one product and write a 200-250 word essay about the history of its logo. How has it changed throughout time? Has the packaging also changed? How did the changes meet the needs of consumers? Did the newer designs appeal to consumers? Be sure to include images of the logo as it changed, and identify your sources.

You work for an international food and beverage company, and the CEO of the company wants to introduce a new product in the US market for 2021. Your team is charged with the following tasks:

1. Develop a new food/beverage product concept that can be brought to market by 2021.  The product should have broad appeal for the US market (i.e., nothing illegal or distasteful).
2. Present a five-year marketing plan to upper management that includes a description of the product, a plan for where it will be sold, a summary of the existing competition, projected industry changes (using a supply and demand framework), and recommended promotion strategies that can help to sustain sales volume and profits for several years.
3. The CEO is especially concerned about the risks of a persistent recession in the next 2-3 years, so your plan should consider ways to make the new product less susceptible to recession.

You should assemble a document that addresses each of these components for the product launch. The points assigned to this project are evenly divided among 6 components -- product description, prediction of industry changes using supply and demand, competition summary, marketing and promotional strategies, recession resilience, and presentation quality. So, you should allocate most of your effort to the economic components of this analysis.

Requirements: Provide a 1,000 word (or 4 pages double spaced) minimum paper. The title page should include the list of all members of your group.

Since 2009, the national minimum wage has been $7.25 per hour for most occupations in the private sector. Many of those who support an increase in the minimum wage believe this is one way the government could possibly reduce poverty, while its opponents believe that it creates unemployment and hurts low-skilled workers. The following items address the idea of raising the minimum wage from the current federal minimum of $7.25 per hour.

4) What might be an unintended impact on government spending on entitlements such as welfare, food stamps, and unemployment compensation in light of the fact that changes in the minimum wage can create changes in unemployment and underemployment?

5) Do advocates of a minimum wage law believe that workers should be paid based on their output (i.e., performance) or on their level of need? What do opponents of the minimum wage law believe workers’ wages should be based on? Which one is sustainable and why?

For the sake of comparison, how should students be graded in class, based on their performance or level of need?

6) Advocates of a minimum wage often believe that employers would “exploit” or “take advantage” of their workers if there were no minimum wage. How would you know if employers are “taking advantage” of their workers if there were no minimum wage? What could the employee do if they believed they were being exploited?

Implement a class Address. An address has a house number, a street, an optional apartment number, a city, a state, and a postal code (all of these are strings). Create the getters and setters.

Supply two constructors that accept all the address components except one includes an apartment number and one without (refer to the tester class below to see the proper order).

Supply a print method that returns void and prints to the console the address with the street on one line and the city, state, and zip code on the next line.

Use my addressTester file attached here to verify it works correctly. You shouldn't make any changes to the addressTester file. Make changes to your class so that it works with my addressTester.java file. If your class file doesn't work with my tester class, you will receive no points.

Clarification: All components of the Address should print - however, an apartment number should only print if one is provided. Your method should not print null if no apartment number is provided.

Given Tester

public class AddressTester {
   //provided by instructor

   public static void main(String[] args) {
       Address a1 = new Address("123","Main Street","Los Angeles", "CA","90001");
       System.out.print(Address);
      
       System.out.println("----------------");
      
       Address condo = new Address("5643", "Hideaway Mountain", "3C","Nashville", "TN", "37115");
       condo.print();
      
   }

}

Investment is ________ related to the interest rate, while net capital outflow (NCO) is ________ related to the interest rate.

Using the information in the table shown, what is the inflation rate in 2014?

As new goods and services become available:

Many governments actively work to:

Problem 1a: Velocity Selector: Show that with the right ratio of electric to magnetic field strength a particle of velocity v will proceed through both fields in a straight line at constant speed (hint: you will need an equation containing v. Also: what does the straight line at constant speed give you?). Assume that the angle of the velocity vector relative to the magnetic field vector is 90 degrees.

b: Show mathematically that the charge magnitude and sign do not matter.

c: Draw and label the electric field vector, the electric force vector, the magnetic field vector, the velocity vector and the magnetic force vector. Hint: start with the two force vectors. They have to add to zero. Then use the vector nature of the Eq = F(E) equation and the right hand rule to get the other vectors.) Assume that the particle is negatively charged. Use into and out of the page vector notation where necessary.

d. Explain in terms of what happens with the force vectors when the charge sign changes to allow a particle of either charge sign pass through the velocity selector at constant velocity v. In other words, explain physically why the particle charge sign makes no difference.

e. Explain in terms of what happens with the force vectors when the charge magnitude changes. In other words, explain physically why the charge magnitude makes no difference in the velocity selector.

There are at least five (probably more) places in the attached C# program code that could be optimized. Find at least five things in the Program.cs file that can be changed to make the program as efficient as possible.

1. List five problems you found with the code (Put your list either in comments within the code or in a separate Word or text document), and then optimize the code in the attached code below to make it as efficient as possible. The program output must not be affected by your changes. To the user it should still do everything it did before your changes provided the user enters valid data.

using System;

namespace COMS_340_L4A
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.Write("How many doughnuts do you need for the first convention? ");
int.TryParse(Console.ReadLine(), out int total1);

Console.Write("How many doughnuts do you need for the second convention? ");
int.TryParse(Console.ReadLine(), out int total2);

int totalDonuts = Calculator.CalculateSum(new int[] { total1, total2 });

Console.WriteLine($"{ totalDonuts } doughnuts is { Calculator.ConvertToDozen(totalDonuts)} dozen.");
Console.WriteLine("Press Enter to quit...");
Console.ReadLine();
}
}

static class Calculator
{
static int DOZEN = 12;

public static int CalculateSum(int[] args)
{
int return_value = 0;
foreach (int i in args)
{
return_value += i;
}
return return_value;
}

public static int ConvertToDozen(int total)
{
int dozen = DOZEN;
return total / dozen;
}
}
}