I ett laboratorium vet man av erfarenhet att ett experiment lyckas i 8 falla av 10, och att experiment lyckas oberoende av varandra.

a) Under en vecka genomfördes 25 experiment. Vad är sannolikheten att högst 2 experiment misslyckades?

b) Under ett år genomfördes 1100 experiment. Uppskatta sannolikheten att 900 eller fler experiment lyckades

Describe what life span considerations you might use in applying the nursing process to infants, school-age children, younger adults, and older adults in relation to immunizations and wellness.

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With reference to Barth (2014), discuss how the author assessed the extent to which unmodified historical cost, modified historical cost, and fair value measurement possess the qualitative characteristics specified in the IFRS Conceptual Framework.

In what way does Goldman discover that finally Religion and Theological Studies do not prepare a person fully for understanding and responding to human suffering?

Book. The Serach for God at Harvard

Author: Ari L. Goldman

Researchers wanted to proof that men who ate fried chicken for more than 6 years straight doubled the risk of getting high cholesterol, so they started a cohort study. In 2006, 1,000 men were enrolled in the study and they did not have cholesterol. In 2017, 70% were free of high cholesterol. 1.5% of the cholesterol free men ate fried chicken for about 6 years. The 200 men that ate it for over 6 years developed high cholesterol years after the study started. What is the best measure of association? Show it in a 2x2 contingency table Calculate the measure of association

True or False:

4) There is a potential of information bias in a clinical trial where the clinician who ascertains the outcome is aware of the treatment status of the participant being evaluated.

5) A confounding variable is a factor across which the association between the exposure and the outcome differ.

6) A cohort study was conducted to determine the association of physical activity and CHD in which the average age of the physically active group is 10 years younger than the average age of the inactive group. Age is a confounder given that the risk of CHD increases with age.

7) Systematic errors can be reduced by: minimizing the random error in the study and vice versa.

In the low alcohol group, 174 women developed head and neck cancer in 23,800 person-years of observation, while in the high alcohol group 126 women developed head and neck cancer in 4,200 person-years.

Breast cancer was diagnosed in 710 women with low alcohol intake who contributed 22,100 person-years of observation, while in the high alcohol intake group 290 women developed breast cancer in 3,900 person-years of observation.

Calculate the attributable risk due to high alcohol intake for head and neck cancers and breast cancers in this cohort of women.

Let U and V be vector spaces, and let L(V,U) be the set of all linear transformations from V to U. Let T_1 and T_2 be in L(V,U),v be in V, and x a real number. Define vector addition in L(V,U) by (T_1+T_2)(v)=T_1(v)+T_2(v) , and define scalar multiplication of linear maps as (xT)(v)=xT(v). Show that under these operations, L(V,U) is a vector space.

2. There is a large area of Bangladesh where the groundwater is contaminated by arsenic. Residents of this area suffer from elevated rates of cancer, and of pre-cancerous skin lesions, because they often have no alternative but to drink the arsenic-contaminated water. Many efforts are underway to solve this problem. In one study, investigators looked for evidence that the effect of arsenic on pre-cancerous skin lesions might be increased or decreased by other factors – effect modifiers. One such possible factor is pesticide use which is common in this agricultural region. The table shows the results of a 6-year closed prospective cohort study in which residents were followed and periodically examined for the occurrence of pre-cancerous skin lesions. All these people are exposed to arsenic in drinking water, and so this table does not show that exposure. These data divide the cohort into 3 groups based on how long they were exposed to pesticides. a. b. c. d. a. What measure of disease frequency can be calculated in these data? b. Calculate this measure for each of the 3 exposure groups. c. For the group with no pesticide exposure, calculate a 95% confidence interval for the measure of disease frequency. What does this interval mean? d. Calculate a ratio measure of association, comparing the risk of skin lesions in those with less than 7 years of exposure to those with no exposure, and another measure of association comparing those with 7 and over years of exposure to those with no exposure. Interpret these 2 measures of association. e. Is there evidence that pesticide exposure affects the risk of skin lesions in this population? Explain.

Refined crude oil has been used to lubricate moving parts in a wide variety of machines and engines. These petroleum-based lubricants are extracted from natural crude oil, and must be refined, desalted, dewaxed, and distilled from crude feedstock. However, recently, engineers are moving towards non-petroleum based lubricants or known as synthetic lubricants. Obtain information about non-petroleum based lubricants and summarize your findings in a brief report by following the format given below. The report should contain minimum 1500 words (excluding figure and table title and content, references)