A united purpose and perspective within and across community groups is known as _____________?

A goal and objective

A shared vision

A logic model

A theory-based strategy

What are global commons? Who should control these, and why? What has the United Nations done to alleviate conflicts with respect to global commons?

Classifying Some Year 2009 Strategies Purpose This exercise can improve your understanding of various strategies by giving you experience classifying strategies. This skill will help you use the strategy-formulation tools presented later. Consider the following 8 actual year-2009 strategies by various firms:

1. Microsoft developed a new videocamera for its Xbox 360 console that allowed players to control games with the movement of their bodies, rather than by holding a plastic wand in their hands, as required with Nintendo’s popular Wii game console.

2. Wells Fargo and Bank of America began to “tweet”—post messages of 140 characters or less on Twitter.com, so customers could see product features. Banks are also putting marketing videos on YouTube.

3. The United Kingdom’s huge telecom firm, BT Group PLC, cut 15,000 more jobs on top of the 15,000 the prior year.

4. Japanese electronics maker Panasonic Corp. acquired Osaka, Japan-based Sanyo Electric Company.

5. News Corp. sold off many of its television stations.

6. More than 1,000 Chrysler dealers closed their doors and ceased doing business.

7. Germany’s Metro AG, the world’s fourth-largest retailer after Wal-Mart, Carrefour SA, and Home Depot, is expanding aggressively into China.

8. Time Warner plans to spin off or sell all or part of AOL.

Instructions

Step 1 On a separate sheet of paper, number from 1 to 8. These numbers correspond to the strategies described.

Step 2 What type of strategy best describes the 8 actions cited? Indicate your answers

Consider each of the following independent and material situations. In each case:

• the financial report date is 31 December 2019;

• the field work was completed on 12 February 2020;

• the directors declaration and the audit report were signed on 19 February 2020; and

• the completed financial report accompanied by the signed audit report were mailed to shareholders on 18 March 2020

A. You are an auditor pf PP Limited (PP), a company specialising in industrial property development. On 10 February 2020, you become aware that a major overseas investor has informed the management of PP of their intention to withdraw their investment in a proposed major development. On the basis of its discussions with the investor and previously pledged funds from them, PP has incurred substantial costs in feasibility studies, structural engineering reports and architectural plans. A significant portion of these costs has been capitalised. The management is dependent on finding a new investor to be able to meet these expenses and to continue with the project.

B. You are the auditor of XY Limited (XY), a manufacturing client. XY has plans to upgrade its manufacturing process and plans to finance this by a sale of property which is superfluous to its needs, situated next to its head office. The property has been subdivided for the purposes of the sale and placed on the market in December 2019. On 25 January 2020, the state government approved a plan for the construction of an express freeway. The plan will result in the appropriation of a portion of the property owned by XY and subdivided for the purpose of sale. Construction of the freeway will begin in late 2020. No estimate of the compensation payment is available.

C. You are an auditor of Q limited (Q), a major public company involved in the property development industry. Prior to signing your audit report you sought a letter of comfort from Q’s bankers that the bank would continue to support Q by providing finance over the coming year. The bank agrees that it would continue to provide finance. It was your view that without such support Q had severe cash flow problems and the financial report would need to be modified with respect to a going concern assumption. On 15 March 2020, the company’s bankers wrote to you advising that the company had breached its loan covenant with the bank in February 2020 and that the loan facility was now due and payable and would not be renewed.

D. You are the auditor of Turbo Limited (Turbo), a professional services client. On 15 January 2020, Turbo settled and paid a personal injury claim to a former employee as the result of an accident that occurred in September 2017. The company had not previously recorded a liability for the claim.

E. You are the auditor of Charge Limited (Charge), an automobile parts manufacturer. On 2 February 2020, Charge agreed to purchase for cash the outstanding shares of Electronic Fuel Injection Limited. The acquisition is likely to double the sales volume of Charge.

Required: For each of the events A to E:

1. Outline the required treatment in the financial report, if any. Justify your answer. (5 X 2 Marks = 10 Marks)

2. Determine whether additional audit evidence needs to be obtained. If so, describe the nature of the audit evidence to be obtained and the audit procedures used to obtain it. (5 X 2 Marks = 10 Marks)

3. If no action is taken by management, determine the most appropriate audit report to be issued.

Beniluz Company was formed on July 1, 2016. It was authorized to issue 1,000,000 shares of $5 par value common stock and 200,000 shares of 4% $100 par value, cumulative and nonparticipating preferred stock. Beniluz Company has a July 1-June 30 fiscal year. The following information relates to the stockholders’ equity accounts of Penn Company: Common Stock Prior to the 2020-21 fiscal year, Beniluz Company had 304,000 shares of outstanding common stock issued as follows: 1. 220,000 shares were issued for cash on July 1, 2016, at $24 per share. 2. On August 4, 2018, 24,000 shares were exchanged for an office building and warehouse which had a book value in the seller’s book of $431,000 and had an estimated fair value of $627,000 on August 4, 2018. 3. 60,000 shares were issued on November 1, 2019, for $29 per share. During the 2020-21 fiscal year, the following transactions regarding common stock took place: 1. August 31, 2020 - Beniluz purchased 5,000 shares of its own stock on the open market at $30 per share. Beniluz uses the cost method for treasury stock. 2. December 1, 2020 - Beniluz declared a 6% stock dividend for stockholders of record on December 20, 2020, to be issued on January 15, 2021. Beniluz was having a liquidity problem and could not afford a cash dividend at the time. Beniluz ‘s common stock was selling at $28 per share on December 1, 2020. 3. June 20, 2021 - Beniluz sold 1,500 shares of its own common stock that it had purchased on August 31, 2020 for $36,000. Preferred Stock Beniluz issued 20,000 shares of preferred stock at $105 per share on October 1, 2019. 2 Cash Dividends Beniluz has followed a schedule of declaring cash dividends in December and June, with payment being made to stockholders of record in the following month. The cash dividends which have been declared since inception of the company through June 30, 2021, are shown below. Date Common Preferred 6/1/2018 $ 0.50 $ 2.00 12/1/2019 $ 0.50 $ 2.00 6/1/2020 $ 0.40 $ 2.00 12/1/2020 - $ 2.00 Dividend per Share No cash dividends were declared during June 2021 due to the company’s liquidity problems. Retained Earnings As of June 30, 2020, Beniluz Retained Earnings account had a balance of $824,000 and the Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income account had a credit balance of $136,000. For the fiscal year ending June 30, 2021, Beniluz reported net income of $32,000 and an unrealized loss correctly recorded as Other Comprehensive Income for the amount of $12,000. Instructions Prepare, in good form, the Stockholders’ Equity section of the Balance Sheet, including appropriate notes, for Beniluz Company as of June 30, 2021, as it should appear in its annual report to the shareholders.

Dr. Smith and his wife are both medical doctors and they just completed their medical residence at a local hospital. While attending your graduation party, Dr. Smith and his wife learned that you just earned your MBA. The Smiths approached you for advice on the legal form of business they should elect for their medical practice they are planning to open. The Smiths are interested in understanding each form of business organization and advantages and disadvantages of each form.

In advising the Smiths, please address the following questions:

1.         Compare and contrast

a.         the forms of business organizations, advantages, and disadvantages.

b.         general partner vs. limited partner?

c.         limited liability partnership vs. a limited liability company?

2.         Explain the advantages and disadvantages of organizing a business as an “S-Corporation?”

3.         Explain if the form of business organization impact the control of the firm and ethical behavior.

Based on your discussion, explain which form of business organization you would advise the Smiths to elect. Defend your response.

I have been assigned a 3 page research paper into "active investment strategy" versus "passive investment strategy".

Our course's textbook has no direct mention of either after searching exhaustively, which means the research paper invites me to use other sources and any perspectives or angles to defining, giving examples of, and comparing the two strategies.

How would you define them? What topics would they encompass? I imagine passive strategies include ones with fewer steps and less oversight/watch needed, whereas active strategies involve any marketable securities like stocks where you might have to be making all sorts of security analysis and stock market watching. This is for a Fundamentals of Financial Management MBA course that basically goes over every kind of marketable security and every kind of asset.

Do you recommend any sources or databases or academic searches to make this concise 3 page paper?

Thank you for your time and help!

By using SWOT analysis identify 6 strengths, 3weaknesses, 1 opportunity, and 2 threats. Then to write an analytical text for the case study. Johnson & Johnson Consumer Products, INC. Johnson & Johnson is a household name in baby-care as well as medical products. Nearly every family in the United States has in its house at least one product made by this company. Founded in 1885, Johnson & Johnson is currently an international enterprise, with 170 affiliated companies in fifty-five countries. J&J enjoys a reputation for high-quality products and business integrity. Consumers feel that they can trust J&J products. Trust is a big issue for a firm that makes pharmaceuticals. Customers must believe that the products improve, not endanger, their health. J&J makes a big thing of its credo statement, a four-paragraph guiding philosophy that outlines a commitment to business integrity. According to its credo, the J&J company is required to place a high priority on the needs of customers. Protecting customers is the company’s first concern. All was well until J&J received news that its leading product, Tylenol capsules, had been contaminated with lethal poison. In the United States, Tylenol and other mild pain relievers are sold in the pharmacies and other stores over-the-counter, that is, without a doctor’s prescription. Mr. David Clare, the president of J&J, said that someone had opened the capsules and poisoned them with cyanide. The fact that seven people in the Chicago area died when they took Extra-Strength Tylenol, a common pain-relieving medicine made by J&J, shocked people all over the world. People all over the world were horrified by the deaths of seven innocent people who took Tylenol capsules laced with deadly cyanide. It seemed that anyone could have bought those deadly pills, and anyone could have died from ingesting them. This element of randomness was particularly frightening. After seven innocent people died from taking contaminated Tylenol, sales of the painkiller fell dramatically. The non-aspirin drug’s share of the $1.2 billion painkiller market fell from 35 percent to 7 percent. In a poll, a majority of Tylenol users said they probably would never return to the capsule. But J&J responded to the frightening incident in a notable way. Its executives took a decision that turned out to be not only ethical but profitable, too. Going against all odds, the chairman of J&J decided to spend whatever millions it would cost to recall 31 million bottles of Tylenol capsules from store shelves across the United States. The day after J&J learned that some of its popular Tylenol capsules had been poisoned, the company started withdrawing 31 million bottles of Tylenol from country. They were afraid that other bottles might have been tampered with. Official at the Food and Drug Administration, the U.S. government agency that approves products for sale to the public, feared that the recall would increase the panic already touched off by the poisoning deaths of seven Chicago-area residents who had taken capsules that had been laced with cyanide. The FBI argued that such an expensive action would demonstrate to potential terrorists that they could bring a $5.9 billion corporation to its knees . But J&J chairman’s decision prevailed, and his move proved to be decisive in a remarkable and unparalleled win back of public confidence in his company’s product… Tylenol regained more than 80 percent of the market share it held before the still unsolved poisoning. As a result of the seven deaths in Chicago, Illinois, J&J was able to play a significant role in affecting positive changes in the U.S. pharmaceutical industry and in government regulation of that industry. The company began redesigning the package to restore public confidence. Within twenty-four hours, J&J had contacted many of the companies that would be involved in the redesign. By the end of the week, J&J had decided that the new Tylenol bottle would have three barriers to prevent tampering: a glued box, a ‘shrink’ neckband and an inner seal. To get Tylenol back on the market, J&J spent $ 1 million on engravers to redesign 650 pieces of artwork for the product. Cartons and sealing equipment cost more than $ 5 million during the first few weeks. By the fifth week after the Chicago deaths, the first 500,000 units of the new tamper-resistant Tylenol package were produced. While J&J led industry efforts to protect consumers, the Food and Drug Administration began developing stronger packaging regulations. As a result, all capsules and liquid drugs must now come in tamper-resistant packages. These guidelines do not only protect the consumer but also the pharmaceutical companies such as J&J. Four years after the first incident, another person died after taking poisoned Tylenol from so-called tamper-resistant package. J&J is faced again with the problem of winning back the public trust. To do this, it must get the media on its side.

In this exercise you are asked to choose a currency in which it is assumed you have foreign exchange exposure both in trade (short-run) and investment (long-run). In this exercise you are asked to find both spot and forward exchange rates for a chosen currency and also inflation rates associated with that currency. You are encouraged to read through the exercise first before choosing your currency to ensure the requested data is accessible via the links provided.

Short-Run Exchange Rate Risk

Assume you have a trade receivable denominated in a foreign currency of your choice that is payable to you by your customer in 6 months. At the current spot rate the trade receivable is worth the equivalent of US$5,000,000. To find the current spot rate for the chosen currency pair go to http://www.hsbcnet.com/gbm/fxcalc-disp.[1] Enter 5,000,000 in the “Convert” box, United States dollar in the “From:” box, and your chosen currency in the “To:” box. Click on “Go” for the spot rate, which will be expressed in European terms, that is, units of foreign currency per one US dollar. Enter the name of the chosen currency, the date the site is accessed, and the spot rate in European terms in the table below.

To find a 180 day forward rate for the currency pair, go to http://www.hsbcnet.com/gbm/fwcalc-disp#. For “Amount” you can just enter 1 and enter US dollars in the “Buy” box and the foreign currency in the “Sell” box. For “Value Date” enter “6 Months” and click “Go” for the forward rate. (Clicking on the Inverse box will switch the rate from European to American terms.) Enter the one-year forward rate in the table below. Make sure the forward rate is expressed in the same way as the forward rate, that is, in European terms.

Based on the data above, answer the following questions:

Long-Run Exchange Rate Risk

Assume you have undertaken a 3-year investment abroad with expected cash flows denominated in your chosen currency. At the current spot rate those cash flows are expected to provide a positive net present value (NPV) in US dollar terms. Based on relative purchasing power parity you are asked to estimate future spot rates over the next three years based on comparative inflation data.[2] With that data complete the table below.

Using the data above and textbook equation (18.3) E(S_t) = S₀ ? [1 + (h_FC - h_US)]^t and assuming the estimated inflation rate in Year 1 also holds for Years 2 and 3, please respond to the following:

[1] Please note currencies are grouped according to their region: Americas (where the United States dollar may be found), Asia-Pacific, Europe, and MENA. Please advise your instructor should this or any other link in the assignment be broken.

[2] Sources of Inflation data include http://stats.oecd.org/ for OECD countries and http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG at the World Bank site. It is viewed important to be consistent in the definition and source of inflation numbers for the US and the other currency that you use for the relative PPP equation. The most basic definitions of inflation are consumer price index (CPI), producer price index (PPI), and GDP deflator. Estimates of the next year’s inflation are preferred but it is also common to use the past year’s inflation as the best estimate of next year’s and subsequent years’ inflation. You are encouraged to share any useful websites for this data you find with the class.

Caterpillar, Inc., headquartered in Peoria, Illinois, is an American corporation with a worldwide dealer network which sells machinery, engines, financial products and insurance. Caterpillar is the world's leading manufacturer of construction and mining equipments, -diesel and natural gas engines, industrial gas turbines and diesel-electric locomotives. Although providing financial services through its Financial Products segment, Caterpillar primarily operates through its three product segments of Construction Industries, Resource Industries, and Energy & Transportation. Founded in 1925, the company presently has sales and revenues of $55.2 billion, total assets of $78.5 billion, and 114,000 employees. Caterpillar machinery are commonly recognized by its trademark “Caterpillar Yellow” and it's “CAT” logo. Some of its manufactured construction products include: mini excavators, small-wheel loaders, backhoe loaders, multi-terrain loaders, and compact-wheel loaders. Other products include: machinery in mining and quarrying applications, reciprocating engines and turbines in power systems, the remanufacturing of CAT engines and components, and a wide range of financial alternatives to customers and dealers for Caterpillar machinery and engines.

Caterpillar tractors have undertaken and completed many difficult tasks since the company's beginning. In the late 1920s, the Soviet Grain Trust purchased 2,050 Caterpillar machines for use on its large farm cooperatives. This sale helped to keep Caterpillar's factories busy during the Great Depression. In the 1930s, Caterpillar track-type tractors helped construct the Hoover Dam, worked on the Mississippi Levee construction project, helped construct the Golden Gate Bridge, and were used in the construction of the Chesapeake & Delaware Canal. During this time period, CATs were also used in construction projects around the world in countries such as Palestine, Iraq, India, Canada, the Netherlands, Belgium and the building of the Pan American Highway. In World War II, Caterpillar built 51,000 track-type tractors for the U.S. military.

In the 1940s, Caterpillar tractors were used in the construction of the Alaskan highway; and between 1944 and 1956, they were used to help construct 70,000 miles of highway in the United States. In the 1950s and 60s, usage of Caterpillar tractors around the world exploded and were used in such countries as Australia, Austria, Ceylon, France, Germany, Italy, Nigeria, Philippines, Rhodesia, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Uganda, and Venezuela, in a wide variety of projects. In addition, Caterpillar products were used to help construct the St. Lawrence Seaway between Canada and the United States. In the 1970s and 80s, Caterpillar equipment were used in numerous dam, power, and pipeline projects. Since then, Caterpillars have been used in the construction of several projects such as Japan's Kansai International Airport as a marine airport approximately three miles offshore in Osaka Bay, the Chunnel between France and England, the “Big Dig” in Boston, Panama Canal expansion, and several Olympic Games sites.

Discussion

1. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), in conjunction with the Forest Service, publishes information to assist companies in estimating the cost of building a temporary road for such activities as a timber sale. Such roads are generally built for one or two seasons of use for limited traffic and are designed with the goal of reestablishing vegetative cover on the roadway and adjacent disturbed area within ten years after the termination of the contract, permit, or lease. The timber sale contract requires out sloping, removal of culverts and ditches, and building water bars or cross ditches after the road is no longer needed. As part of this estimation process, the company needs to estimate haul costs. The USDA publishes variable costs in dollars per cubic-yard-mile of hauling dirt according to the speed with which the vehicle can drive. Speeds are mainly determined by the road width, the sight distance, the grade, the curves and the turnouts. Thus, on a steep, narrow, winding road, the speed is slow; and on a flat, straight, wide road, the speed is faster. Shown below are data on speed, cost per cubic yard for a 12 cubic yard end-dump vehicle, and cost per cubic yard for a 20 cubic yard bottom-dump vehicle. Use these data and simple regression analysis to develop models for predicting the haul cost by speed for each of these two vehicles. Discuss the strength of the models. Based on the models, predict the haul cost for 35 mph and for 45 mph for each of these vehicles.