Gene therapy consist of
| A. |
replacing the genomes of an individual with a brand new set of genomes with the goal of treating a genetic defect. |
|
| B. |
replacing a defective gene in an individual with a normal gene with the goal of treating a genetic disorder. |
|
| C. |
transferring a modified gene into an individual with the goal of treating a genetic defect. |
|
| D. |
transferring a normal or a modified gene into an individual with the goal of treating a genetic defect. |
|
| E. |
replacing a defective enzyme in an individual with a normal enzyme with the goal of treating a genetic disorder. |
DNA transcription is
| A. |
The use of a mRNA template to synthesis DNA |
|
| B. |
The use of a DNA template to synthesis mRNA |
|
| C. |
The use of a mRNA template to synthesis Proteins. |
|
| D. |
The use of a tRNA template to synthesis DNA |
|
| E. |
The use of a Protein template to synthesis mRNA |
DNA sequencing is a method
| A. |
of determining the order of fatty acids in a DNA. |
|
| B. |
of determining the order of saccharides in a DNA. |
|
| C. |
of determining the order of amino acids in a DNA. |
|
| D. |
of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA. |
|
| E. |
of determining the order of triglycerides in a DNA. |
In: Biology
1. place a number beside the term according to its
description below :
introns___
m-RNA ____
protein ____
ribosomes ____
DNA ____
r-RNA ____
RNA-polymerase ____
t-RNA _______
A---T, C--G ______
DNA-polymerase ____
A--U, C--G ______
RNA ____
exons______
triplet code _____
1. enzyme which takes care of making any type of RNA
on the base of DNA information.
2. nucleic acid which carries information taken from
DNA about order of amino acids
3. complementary base pairing in DNA
4. nucleic acid to bring amino acids for protein
synthesis and recognize their codes( taxi and translator
)
5. what is produced in result of translation
6. enzyme that takes care of DNA duplication ( and
chromosomes duplication in S stage )
7. nucleic acid made of 2 strands kept by hydrogen
bonds, twisted ladder, part of chromosome, it's where genes are
located
8. nucleic acid which is part of ribosomes
9. non-coding parts of DNA, removed from RNA after
transcription
10. made of 2 subunits, has A and P sites, assembling
bench for making protein
11. A--U, C--G complementary base pairing in
RNA
12. protein-coding portions of DNA
13. three nucleotides of RNA which call for particular
amino acid, also STOP or START signals
14. single-stranded nucleic molecule, made on the base
of DNA in result of transcription
2. Making protein...use your knowledge about
complementary base pairing and complete the following exercise
about transcription and translation( assume that for making
m-RNA, second strand of DNA is used!!!)
first strand of DNA : TAC --- AAA---TTA ---CCG
---CCC---TTG---GGG---TTT
second strand :
___________________________________________________________________________
m-RNA :
___________________________________________________________________________
amino acids:
____________________________________________________________________________
anticodons:
____________________________________________________________________________
3. Can these triplets -- TAC , TTT, TGG, GTA-- be
anticodons? ___ Why? __________
4. If in DNA 22% of guanine, what would be % of
thymine ____, adenine ____, cytosine ____?
5. Does DNA participate directly in translation? ____ Why?
______
6. Mutations can be result of base substitution.
Use DNA molecule given in #2 exercise. But now change ( due to
mutations! ) second triplet of the first strand of DNA from AAA to
AAG, and the last triplet on the first strand of DNA from TTT into
TTG. Complete trascription and translation only for affected
triplets.
DNA first strand: ______________ _____________ as a
result of two mutations,
second strand : _____________ ______________
m-RNA : ______________ _________________
amino acids: ______________
_________________
--- which mutation is silent (= mute, neutral )? _____
why? ______
-- which mutation is so-called missense ? _____ why?
_______
In: Biology
In the protein adenylate kinase, the C-terminal region is a helical, with the sequence Val-Asp-Asp-Val-Phe-Ser-Gln-Val-Cys-Thr-His-Leu-Asp-Thr-Leu-Lys.
a) Underline the hydrophobic amino acids in the sequence.
b) If you identified the correct amino acids you will notice that there is a periodicity of hydrophobic amino acids. What is this periodicity and why would this occur?
In: Chemistry
In: Biology
In: Anatomy and Physiology
3) Proteins are made up of amino acids as the building blocks.
a) The structural integrity of a protein is critical for its functions. Using no more than 300 words, describe TWO (2) examples of mutations or alterations to the native protein sequence which have led to an enhancement or reduction in the biological activity of the mutant proteins. For example, enzyme kinetics, antimicrobial activity, anticancer, drug interaction, and others. (Note: Must only be based on recent (<5 years) research publications). (60%) the research must be based off the above.
In: Biology
18. Explain why plasmids that are used for cloning have antibiotic resistance genes.
19. Will the peptide VEGY absorb UV light? Explain your answer.
20. Where are the amino acid R groups for a peptide that is an α helix?
21. Draw the structure of the following peptide: WICK
22. Put the full name (correct spelling) of one amino acid in
each blank: Which two amino acids are found in ß turns?
______________________and _________________
Which amino acid forms a covalent bond that is not a peptide
bond?________________________
Which amino acids are not found in keratin____________________and
____________________
Give an example of two amino acids that could form an ionic bond
between each other:
__________________ and __________________
What amino acid has a pKa of 6? _________________________
In: Chemistry
Proteins are ______________ built from amino acids, which each have an amino group and a _____________ group attached to the central _______________. There are twenty possible _______________ that differ in structure and are generally referred to as “R.” In solutions of neutral pH, amino acids are _______________, carrying both a positive and negative charge. When a protein is made, amino acids are linked together through _______________, which are formed by condensation reactions between the carboxyl end of the last amino acid and the ___________________ end of the next amino acid to be added to the growing chain.
| a: amino | b: ionized | c: polypeptides |
| d: alpha-carbon | e: length | f: protein |
| g: carbon | h: noncovalent | i: R group |
| j: carboxyl | k: peptide bonds | l: side chains |
m: hydroxide
In: Biology
Perhaps the most central concept in amino acid degradation is that some amino acids are glucogenic, some are ketogenic and some are both glucogenic and ketogenic. Which of the following amino acids is both glucogenic and ketogenic?
A. Arg
B. Ile
C. Leu
D. Asn
E. Cys
In: Chemistry
what enzyme is necessary for the formation and transfer of the peptide bond to the next amino acid brought by the tRNA, and what enzyme is responsible for the charging of the tRNA with another, correct, amino acid?
In: Biology