(a) A constant force < 31, -13, 36 > N acts through a displacement < 0.17, 0.34, -0.24 > m. How much work does this force do?
Work =           ?J

(b) An object with mass 7 kg moves from a location < 28, 28, -43 > m near the Earth's surface to location < -34, 16, 45 > m. What is the change in the potential energy of the system consisting of the object plus the Earth?
Change of potential energy =     ?J

(c) A spring whose stiffness is 900 N/m has a relaxed length of 0.59. If the length of the spring changes from 0.48 m to 0.86 m, what is the change in the potential energy of the spring?
Change of potential energy =      ?J

(d) You observe someone pulling a block of mass 33 kg across a low-friction surface. While they pull a distance of 6 m in the direction of motion, the speed of the block changes from 3 m/s to 5 m/s. Calculate the magnitude of the force exerted by the person on the block.
F =     ?N

(e) What was the change in internal energy (chemical energy plus thermal energy) of the person pulling the block?
Change in internal energy =     ?J

Climatic and Ecological Change: Past and Future The earth and its life are always changing. However, many of the most important changes occur over such long periods of time or at such large spatial scales that they are difficult to study. Two approaches that provide insights into long-term and large-scale processes are studies of pollen preserved in lake sediments and evolutionary studies. Margaret Davis (1983, 1989) carefully searched through a sample of lake sediments for pollen. The sediments had come from a lake in the Appalachian Mountains, and the pollen they contained would help her document changes in the community of plants living near the lake during the past several thousand years. Davis is a paleoecologist trained to think at very large spatial scales and over very long periods of time. She has spent much of her professional career studying changes in the distributions of plants during the Quaternary period, particularly during the most recent 20,000 years. S ome of the pollen produced by plants that live near a lake falls on the lake surface, sinks, and becomes trapped in lake sediments. As lake sediments build up over the centuries, this pollen is preserved and forms a historical record of the kinds of plants that lived nearby. As the lakeside vegetation changes, the mix of pollen preserved in the lake’s sediments also changes. In the example shown in f igure 1.8, pollen from spruce trees, Picea spp., first appears in lake sediments about 12,000 years ago then pollen from beech, Fagus grandifolia, occurs in the sediments beginning about 8,000 years ago. Chestnut pollen does not appear in the sediments until about 2,000 years ago. The pollen from all three tree species continues in the sediment record until about 1920, when chestnut blight killed most of the chestnut trees in the vicinity of the lake. Thus, the pollen preserved in the sediments of lakes can be used to reconstruct the history of vegetation in the area. Margaret B. Davis, Ruth G. Shaw, and Julie R. Etterson review extensive evidence that during climate change, plants evolve, as well as disperse (Davis and Shaw 2001; Davis, Shaw, and Etterson 2005). As climate changes, plant populations simultaneously change their geographic distributions and undergo the evolutionary process of    adaptation    , which increases their ability to live in the new climatic regime. Meanwhile, evidence of evolutionary responses to climate change is being discovered among many animal groups. Willranging from small mammals and birds to insects ( fig. 1.9 ), in response to increasing growing season length as a consequence of the now-well-documented phenomenon of globaliam Bradshaw and Chrranging from small mammals and birds to insects ( fig. 1.9 ), in response to increasing growing season length as a consequence of the now-well-documented phenomenon of global istina Holzapfel (2006) summarized several studies documenting evolutionary change in northern animals, ranging from small mammals and birds to insects ( fig. 1.9 ), in response to increasing growing season length as a consequence of the now-well-documented phenomenon of global warming (see chapter 23, p. 519). Research such as that by Davis and her colleagues will be essential to predicting and understanding ecological responses to global climate change. I n the remainder of this book we will fill in the details of the sketch of ecology presented in this chapter. This brief survey has only hinted at the conceptual basis for the research described. Throughout this book we emphasize the conceptual foundations of ecology. Each chapter focuses on a few e cological concepts. We also explore some of the applications associated with the concepts introduced. Of course, the most important conceptual tool used by ecologists is the scientific method, which is introduced on page 9. W e continue our exploration of ecology in section I with natural history and evolution. Natural history is the foundation on which ecologists build modern ecology for which evolution provides a conceptual framework. A major premise of this book is that knowledge of natural history and evolution improves our understanding of ecological relationships.

During the course of the studies reviewed in this chapter, each scientist or team of scientists measured certain variables. What major variable studied by Margaret Davis and her research team distinguishes their work from that of the other research reviewed in the chapter?

Question 1

Apple has the following financial statement information for fiscal year 2001 (in millions):

Income Statement	2001	Balance Sheet	2001	2000
Revenues	$5,363	Cash and Marketable Securities	$2,310	$1,191
Cost of Goods Sold	4,026	Inventory	11	33
Gross Profit	1,337	Total Current Assets	5,143	5,427
SG&A Exp.	1,568	Total Assets	6,021	6,803
Net Income (Net Loss)	-25	Total Current Liabilities	1,518	1,933
		Total Liabilities	2,101
		Total Equity	3,920	4,107
Sales (Year 2000)	7,983	Cash Flow Statement
Net Income (Year 2000)	786	Cash Flows from Operations	185

Using common-size analysis, Apple's total liabilities for 2001 is:

	a.	39.2%
	b.	53.6%
	c.	38.7%
	d.	34.9%

Question 2

Following Question 1, Apple's operating cash flow ratio for 2001 is:

	a.	12.2%
	b.	3.5%
	c.	3.1%
	d.	3.6%

Question 3

Following Question 1, Apple's inventory turnover ratio for 2001 is:

	a.	243.8x
	b.	547.4x
	c.	183.0x
	d.	366.0x

Question 4

Following Question 1, Apple's working capital turnover ratio for 2001 is:

	a.	1.13x
	b.	2.32x
	c.	1.48x
	d.	1.51x

Question 5

Following Question 1, Apple's debt ratio for 2001 is:

	a.	34.9%
	b.	39.2%
	c.	25.2%
	d.	53.6%

Question 6

Following Question 1, Apple's gross margin for 2001 is:

	a.	24.8%
	b.	1.9%
	c.	22.2%
	d.	75.1%

Question 7

Following Question 1 and using common-size analysis, Apple's Gross Profit is for 2001 is:

	a.	1.9%
	b.	24.9%
	c.	100.0%
	d.	22.2%

Question 8

Following Question 1, Apple's current ratio for 2001 is:

	a.	338.8%
	b.	152.2%
	c.	29.5%
	d.	244.8%

Question 9

Following Question 1, Apple's total asset turnover for 2001 is:

	a.	89.1%
	b.	41.8%
	c.	119.6%
	d.	83.6%

Question 10

Following Question 1, Apple's debt to equity ratio for 2001 is:

	a.	38.7%
	b.	34.9%
	c.	53.6%
	d.	39.2%

Question 11

Following Question 1, Apple's return on sales ratio for 2001 is:

	a.	0.5%
	b.	24.9%
	c.	100.0%
	d.	9.8%

Question 12

The following financial information is given for General Electric for fiscal year 2001 (in thousands):

Sales	$125,679	Cash	$  9,082
Cost of Goods Sold	42,008	Inventory	8,565
Gross Profit	83,671	Current Assets	340,708
Net Income	13,684	Total Assets	495,023
Operating Cash Flow	32,195	Current Liabilities	198,904
Earnings per share	1.38	Total Liabilities	440,111
Dividends per share	0.66	Total Equity	54,824
Net Income (fiscal year 2000)	12,735	Total Assets (fiscal year 2000)	437,006
Sales (fiscal year 2000)	129,417	Inventory (fiscal year 2000)	7,812

In GE's 2001 common-size income statement, Net Income is equal to:

	a.	10.9%
	b.	2.8%
	c.	16.4%
	d.	100.0%

Question 13

Following Question 12, in GE's 2001 common-size balance sheet, Current Liabilities are equal to:

	a.	45.2%
	b.	158.3%
	c.	362.9%
	d.	40.2%

Question 14

Following Question 12, the Cash Ratio for GE in 2001 is:

	a.	58.4%
	b.	4.6%
	c.	16.6%
	d.	2.1%

Question 15

Following Question 12, GE's 2001 Long-term Debt to Equity Ratio is:

	a.	9.0
	b.	4.4
	c.	8.0
	d.	3.6

Question 16

Following Question 12, GE's 2001 Return on Assets is:

	a.	25.0%
	b.	2.8%
	c.	2.9%
	d.	27.0%

  

Question 17

Following Question 12, GE's 2001 Dividend Payout is:

	a.	47.8%
	b.	0.01%
	c.	10.9%
	d.	42.5%

Question 18

Which of the following ratios is part of the Du Pont Model:

	a.	Dividend Payout
	b.	Operating Cash Flow Ratio
	c.	Current Ratio
	d.	Return on Equity

Question 19

Using the Du Pont Model, solvency (leverage) is measured as:

	a.	Sales / average total assets
	b.	Average total assets / average common equity
	c.	Sales / average working capital
	d.	Net income / sales

Question 20

Using the Du Pont Model, return on assets can be calculated as:

	a.	Return on Sales x Return on Assets
	b.	Return on Equity x Total Assets
	c.	Return on Sales x Asset Turnover
	d.	Gross Margin x Inventory Turnover

Question 21

A limitation on the use of ratios analysis is:

	a.	Relative size of the companies is not considered
	b.	The numbers used are assumed to be correct
	c.	Important qualitative issues such as business strategy are not involved
	d.	It can be difficult to determine what results are good or bad
	e.	All of the above

Question 22

The following data is given for annual operations for Hilton Hotels (in millions):

Hilton

	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Revenue	$1,475	$1,769	$1,959	$3,177	$2,632
Gross Profit	395	464	567	1,008	686
Net Income	250	297	174	272	166

Given the data above, the growth analysis for Hilton shows revenue growth for 1999 of:

	a.	10.7%
	b.	34.4%
	c.	8.9%
	d.	24.7%

Question 23

Following Question 22, the growth analysis for Hilton shows net income growth for 2000 of:

	a.	39.0%
	b.	36.0%
	c.	56.3%
	d.	8.8%

Question 24

Following Question 22, which year would be used as the base year for Hilton?

	a.	1997
	b.	1998
	c.	2001
	d.	2000

Question 25

Following Question 22, trend analysis for Hilton shows gross profit for 2001 of:

	a.	413.2
	b.	26.1
	c.	173.7
	d.	68.1

Question 26

Below are quarterly performance data for Marriott:

	Mar 2002	Dec 2001	Sept 2001	Jun 2001	Mar 2001
Revenue	$2,364	$2,868	$2,373	$2,450	$2,461
Net Income	82	-116	101	130	121

The quarterly % change in revenue for March 2002 from the same quarter one ago was:

	a.	3.5%
	b.	17.6%
	c.	96.1%
	d.	3.9%

Question 27

Following Question 26 and using common-size, September 2001 net income would be:

	a.	4.3%
	b.	100.0%
	c.	18.8%
	d.	16.5%

Question 28

Big Bill Computer has a stock price of $50, an EPS of $4.80, projected earnings growth of 8% a year and pays dividends of $2 per share. It is an investment fit to which fund?

	a.	Gotrocks Growth Fund
	b.	Gotrocks Income Fund
	c.	Gotrocks Value Fund
	d.	Gotrocks Money Market Fund

Question 29

Sell Co. has a stock price of $15, 2.3 millions shares outstanding, total stockholders equity of $12.6 million and total assets of $20 million. Sell Co. has a market to book ratio of:

	a.	$11.6 million
	b.	2.7x
	c.	1.7x
	d.	1.2x

Question 30

Following Question 29, Sell Co. has an intrinsic value of $18. What is the intrinsic value to price ratio?

	a.	1.7
	b.	$41.4 million
	c.	2.7
	d.	1.2

Question 31

The following financial information is given for Du Pont and Dow for fiscal year 2001:

	Du Pont	Dow
Closing Stock Price, Feb. 15, 2002	44.90	30.57
EPS (actual for 2001)	4.50	-0.46
EPS (forecast for 2002)	1.60	0.52
Dividend per share	1.40	1.34
5 year forecast earnings growth rate	10.2%	10.0%
Intrinsic value per share	103.84	33.38

Given the Feb. 15 stock prices, Du Pont & Dow have PE ratios (based on year-ahead EPS forecast) of:

	a.	28.06 & 66.46, respectively
	b.	32.07 & 22.81, respectively
	c.	9.98 & 58.79, respectively
	d.	28.06 & 58.79, respectively

Question 32

Following Question 31, given the Feb. 15 stock prices, Du Pont & Dow have dividend yields of:

	a.	3.56% & 1.70%, respectively
	b.	3.12% & 4.38%, respectively
	c.	31.11% & 2.58%, respectively
	d.	13.72% & 13.40%, respectively

Question 33

Following Question 31, given the Feb. 15 stock prices, PE based on actual EPS & 5-year-ahead earnings forecast, Du Pont has a PEG of:

	a.	2.75
	b.	3.14
	c.	0.98
	d.	4.40

Question 34

Following Question 31, based on PEG, which company seems to be the better investment opportunity?

	a.	Dow because the PEG is less than the benchmark cutoff of 1
	b.	Du Pont because of the very high PEG
	c.	Du Pont because the PEG is less than the benchmark cutoff of 1
	d.	Dow because of the very high PEG

Question 35

Following Question 31, based on intrinsic value to share price, Du Pont and Dow are:

	a.	Du Pont is undervalued but Dow is overvalued
	b.	Both overvalued
	c.	Du Pont is overvalued but Dow is undervalued
	d.	Both are undervalued

Question 36

The following financial information is given for Hilton & Marriott:

	Hilton	Marriott
Closing Stock Price, October 8, 2002	10.54	27.46
EPS (actual for 2001)	0.45	0.92
EPS (forecast for 2002)	0.51	1.83
Dividend per share	0.08	0.28
5 year forecast earnings growth rate	15.1%	15.7%
Common shares outstanding (thousands)	376,025	241,801

Given the October 8 stock prices:

	a.	Based on actual EPS Marriott has a higher PE than Hilton
	b.	Based on either actual or forecast EPS, Marriott has a PE almost double that of Hilton
	c.	Hilton s PE rises from actual to forecast because of poor performance
	d.	Based on forecast EPS Marriott has a higher PE than Hilton

Question 37

Following Question 36, based on the dividend yields for Hilton & Marriott:

	a.	Both are excellent fits to the Gotrocks Income Fund
	b.	Marriott has a higher yield than Hilton at 1.0% versus 0.8% for Hilton
	c.	Hilton has a high yield of 17.8%
	d.	Both Hilton & Marriott pay out dividends higher than actual earnings

Question 38

Following Question 36, given the October 8 stock prices, PE based on forecast EPS & 5-year-ahead earnings forecast, Hilton & Marriott have PEGs of:

	a.	1.55 & 1.90, respectively
	b.	0.70 & 1.75, respectively
	c.	20.67 & 15.01, respectively
	d.	1.37 & 0.96, respectively

Question 39

Following Question 36, based on PEG (using forecast EPS), which company seems to be the better investment opportunity?

	a.	Hilton because of its very high PEG
	b.	Hilton because its PEG is lower than Marriott
	c.	Marriott because of the very high PEG
	d.	Marriott because the PEG is less than the benchmark cutoff of 1

Question 40

Following Question 36, which company has the higher market capitalization?

	a.	Marriott because its stock price is more than twice as high as Hilton
	b.	Hilton valued at $14.72 billion versus Marriott at $11.89 billion
	c.	Marriott valued at $6.64 billions versus Hilton at $3.96 billion
	d.	Hilton because its book value is much higher than Marriott

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When a solid is placed in a container and heat is applied, a phase change occurs.
___Temperature remains constant while all of a solid is converted to a liquid.
___When heat is applied to a solid, the molecular motion decreases as the temperature increases.
___The average kinetic energy of the system changes while all of a solid is converted to a liquid.
___The temperature increases while all of a liquid is converted to a gas.
___When a solid is converted to a liquid, heat is absorbed.
check all that apply

The G string on a guitar is 69 cm long and has a fundamental frequency of 196 Hz. A guitarist can play different notes by pushing the string against various frets, which changes the string's length. The third fret from the neck gives B♭ (233.08 Hz); the fourth fret gives B (246.94 Hz).

How far apart are the third and fourth frets?

Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.

In 4 to 6 paragraphs:

Explain perimenopause, surgical menopause, stress menopause, and post-menopause.

Describe the signs of menopause.

Which other life changes (e.g., physical, psychosocial, and cognitive) may influence a women's experience during menopause?

Which women are at the highest risk for osteoporosis?

Describe the traditional and alternative therapies for the conditions associated with menopause. Suggest appropriate health, nutrition, and exercise guidelines for middle-aged and older adults.

CITE ALL SOURCES USED

At the beginning of the current year, Trenton Company's total assets were 258,000 and its total liabilities were 180,000 during the year the company reported total revenues of 103,000, total expenses of 81,000 and dividends of 10,000. There were no other changes in equity during the year and total assets at the end of the year were 270,000. Trenton Company's debt ratio at the end of the current year is. A 50.0%. B 1.50%. C 66.7% D 33.3% E 69.8%

 I have to write a review paper of one measurement technique (any device you feel interested in or have experience with), which could be what I have learned in Mechanical Measurement course.
The main content should include how it operates, its application, changes in design with time, and future direction. Although I have to focus on recent and future development.

Would you give me any examples of devices or suggest essay topics ?