Questions on Lecture and D2L Readings

5. The distinction of nominal vs. real GDP is necessary to

a. adjust GDP for the actual quality of life.

b. account for inflation.

c. distinguish exports from imports.

d. determine if the economy is in a recession.

e. both a) and b) are correct.

6. A often used indicator of a recession is two consecutive quarterly falls in ______. The official determination is made, however, by _________.

a. either nominal or real GDP // the Federal Reserve Bank

b. real GDP // NBER (National Bureau of Economic Research)

c. nominal GDP // BLS (Bureau of Labor Statistics)

d. real GDP // BEA (Bureau of Economic Analysis)

e. real GDP // a consensus of economic commentators of the major news channels

7. Deflation is the converse of inflation. In deflation the CPI would be declining and the real value of money would increase. Therefore deflation

a. would benefit everyone.

b. makes debtors better off and creditors worse off.

c. make creditors better off and debtors worse off.

d. help corporate profits at the expense of wage earners.

8. Buying a U.S. treasury bond is lending money to the government. In the last month the nominal interest rate has declined by about 1.5 percentage points from 2.5 to 1.0 percent. It’s still a better buy then before as long as the inflation rate

a. Is steady

b. falls by more than 1.5 percentage points

c. rises moderately.

d. falls at any rate greater than 0.

1. The mean cholesterol level of 40 to 60 year-old women surveyed in a particular country was found to be 5 mmol/l with a standard deviation is 1 mmol/l. The random variable is

2. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the standard normal distribution?

3. A survey of Canadians showed the mean number of hours spent volunteering at any activity was 11 hours per year with a standard deviation of 1.5 hours. If the number of hours spent volunteering is normally distributed, what is the probability that a randomly selected person will have spent more than 15 hours volunteering over a one-year period?

4.For a uniform continuous probability distribution, the probability of observing any single observation of the random variable is equal to 1/(b-a).

5.To compute the median of a continuous uniform probability distribution we sum the minimum and maximum observations and divide the sum by 2.

6.A normal distribution refers to any symmetric probability distribution, whether discrete or continuous.

7. The total area under the normal curve

CASE: On January 1, CBU installed a new computer system for tracking and calculating inventory costs. On December 31, at years-end closing, CBU’s system reported inventory at $4.5 million for financial statement purposes. At midnight, the auditors performed a physical inventory count and found the inventory total to be $3.5 million. To correct the discrepancy, CBU’s accounting staff processed an adjusting entry to reduce inventory by $1.0 million. The next day, 2 accountants were discussing the events of the previous night. Accountant A was proud of the audit and said it illustrated a benefit of having a good system of internal control. CBU had followed good internal control procedures by having a regular physical inventory count to safeguard a valuable enterprise resource. Accountant A was relieved that the problem was resolved: the financial numbers were corrected before they were reported. In short, he felt successful and thought CBU should feel fortunate to have his accounting staff as control advisors. Accountant B felt differently. She was concerned about the bad decisions that were made throughout the year based on the incorrect inventory numbers. She felt that she and the other accountants should have helped develop more timely and effective system controls. With which accountant’s philosophy do you agree? How can you explain the diverse opinions? What policies or procedures, if any, should CBU develop to avoid such problems in the future? Your response should also include a Biblical perspective.

Sunrise, Inc., has no debt outstanding and a total market value of $230,400. Earnings before interest and taxes, EBIT, are projected to be $39,000 if economic conditions are normal. If there is strong expansion in the economy, then EBIT will be 13 percent higher. If there is a recession, then EBIT will be 24 percent lower. The company is considering a $125,000 debt issue with an interest rate of 6 percent. The proceeds will be used to repurchase shares of stock. There are currently 7,200 shares outstanding. The company has a tax rate of 22 percent, a market-to-book ratio of 1.0, and the stock price remains constant. a-1. Calculate earnings per share (EPS) under each of the three economic scenarios before any debt is issued. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) a-2. Calculate the percentage changes in EPS when the economy expands or enters a recession. (A negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answers as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) b-1. Calculate earnings per share (EPS) under each of the three economic scenarios assuming the company goes through with recapitalization. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)b-2. Given the recapitalization, calculate the percentage changes in EPS when the economy expands or enters a recession. (A negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answers as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)

Iconic memory is a type of memory that holds visual information for about half a second (0.5 seconds). To demonstrate this type of memory, participants were shown three rows of four letters for 50 milliseconds. They were then asked to recall as many letters as possible, with a 0-, 0.5-, or 1.0-second delay before responding. Researchers hypothesized that longer delays would result in poorer recall. The number of letters correctly recalled is given in the table.

(a) Complete the F-table. (Round your values for MS and F to two decimal places.)

(b) Compute Tukey's HSD post hoc test and interpret the results. (Assume alpha equal to 0.05. Round your answer to two decimal places.)

The critical value is _____________ for each pairwise comparison.

(c) Which of the comparisons had significant differences? (Select all that apply.)

Recall following no delay was significantly different from recall following a one second delay.

The null hypothesis of no difference should be retained because none of the pairwise comparisons demonstrate a significant difference.

Recall following no delay was significantly different from recall following a half second delay.

Recall following a half second delay was significantly different from recall following a one second delay.

Beckman Engineering and Associates (BEA) is considering a change in its capital structure. BEA currently has $20 million in debt carrying a rate of 6%, and its stock price is $40 per share with 2 million shares outstanding. BEA is a zero growth firm and pays out all of its earnings as dividends. The firm's EBIT is $12.427 million, and it faces a 35% federal-plus-state tax rate. The market risk premium is 6%, and the risk-free rate is 6%. BEA is considering increasing its debt level to a capital structure with 45% debt, based on market values, and repurchasing shares with the extra money that it borrows. BEA will have to retire the old debt in order to issue new debt, and the rate on the new debt will be 12%. BEA has a beta of 1.0.

1. What is BEA's unlevered beta? Use market value D/S (which is the same as w_d/w_s) when unlevering. Round your answer to two decimal places.
   
   
2. What are BEA's new beta and cost of equity if it has 45% debt? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to two decimal places.

   Beta
   Cost of equity	%

   
   
3. What are BEA’s WACC and total value of the firm with 45% debt? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.
   %
   
   What is the total value of the firm with 45% debt? Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer in millions. For example, an answer of $1.2 million should be entered as 1.2, not 1,200,000. Round your answer to three decimal places.
   $ million

Sunrise, Inc., has no debt outstanding and a total market value of $395,600. Earnings before interest and taxes, EBIT, are projected to be $53,000 if economic conditions are normal. If there is strong expansion in the economy, then EBIT will be 13 percent higher. If there is a recession, then EBIT will be 22 percent lower. The company is considering a $195,000 debt issue with an interest rate of 8 percent. The proceeds will be used to repurchase shares of stock. There are currently 8,600 shares outstanding. The company has a tax rate of 21 percent, a market-to-book ratio of 1.0, and the stock price remains constant.

a-1. Calculate earnings per share (EPS) under each of the three economic scenarios before any debt is issued. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)

a-2. Calculate the percentage changes in EPS when the economy expands or enters a recession. (A negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answers as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)

b-1. Calculate earnings per share (EPS) under each of the three economic scenarios assuming the company goes through with recapitalization. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)

b-2. Given the recapitalization, calculate the percentage changes in EPS when the economy expands or enters a recession. (A negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answers as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)

Question 2

Enzymes basically work by...

Anaerobic glycolysis yields a net gain of...

After a few minutes of easy jogging at a submaximal intensity, my oxygen consumption and heart rate reach a plateau and stay at that level for 20 to 30 minutes as I am jogging. With regards to oxygen consumption this would be an example of ...

Question 17

The RQ measured for a subject who has been jogging easily at 70% VO2max for about 40 minutes and is in a steady state will likely be?

Question 57

A person exercises in their “fat burning zone” for 4 hours at 35% VO₂peak. The O₂ cost of exercise at that work rate is 0.5L/minute. Following exercise the subject rewards himself with an ice-cream sundae (700kcal). The following statement is true(assume 5kcal/lit of O₂):

MERGER ANALYSIS Apilado Appliance Corporation is considering a merger with the Vaccaro Vacuum Company. Vaccaro is a publicly traded company, and its current beta is 1.30. Vaccaro has been barely profitable, so it has paid an average of only 20% in taxes during the last several years. In addition, it uses little debt, having a debt ratio of just 25%. If the acquisition were made, Apilado would operate Vaccaro as a separate, wholly owned subsidiary. Apilado would pay taxes on a consolidated basis, and the tax rate would therefore increase to 35%. Apilado also would increase the debt capitalization in the Vaccaro subsidiary to 40% of assets, which would increase its beta to 1.47. Apilado’s acquisition department estimates that Vaccaro, if acquired, would produce the following cash flows to Apilado’s shareholders (in millions of dollars):

Year 1 2 3 4 5 and beyond

Cash Flows $1.30 1.50 1.75 2.00 Constant growth at 6%

These cash flows include all acquisition effects. Apilado’s cost of equity is 14%, its beta is 1.0, and its cost of debt is 10%. The risk-free rate is 8%.

a. What discount rate should be used to discount the estimated cash flows? (Hint: Use Apilado’s rs to determine the market risk premium.)

b. What is the dollar value of Vaccaro to Apilado?

c. Vaccaro has 1.2 million common shares outstanding. What is the maximum price per share that Apilado should offer for Vaccaro? If the tender offer is accepted at this price, what will happen to Apilado’s stock price?

Assume you have just been hired as business manager of PizzaPalace, a pizza restaurant located adjacent to campus. The company's EBIT was $500,000 last year, and since the university's enrollment is capped, EBIT is expected to remain constant over time. Since no expansion capital will be required, PizzaPalace plans to pay out all earnings as dividends. The management group owns about 50% of the stock, and the stock is traded in the OTC market. The firm is currently financed with all equity; it has 100,000 shares outstanding; and P0 = $25 per share. When you took your MBA Financial Analysis course, your instructor stated that most firms' owners would be financially better off if the firms used some debt. When you suggested this to your new boss, he encouraged you to pursue the idea. As a first step, assume that you obtained from the firm's investment banker the following estimated costs of debt for the firm at different capital structures: % Debt Ratio rd 0% --- 20 8.0% 30 8.5 40 9.0 50 9.5 If the company were to recapitalize, debt would be issued, and the funds received would be used to repurchase stock. PizzaPalace is in the 40% state-plus-federal corporate tax bracket, its beta is 1.0 when debt ratio is 0%, the risk-free rate is 6%, and the market risk premium is 6%.

a. For each capital structure under consideration, calculate the WACC.

b. Now calculate the corporate value, the value of the debt that will be issued, and the resulting market value of equity.