Case Study 4

Chris is a nursing student and a self-proclaimed procrastinator. She describes herself as waiting until the last minute to complete projects and study for exams. She is currently taking one online course and three courses in a classroom. Chris tells her academic advisor that she tried color-coding her files, making out schedules for studying, and blocking out time, but she was afraid she'd get caught up in the act of doing those tasks and then wouldn't have time to study. She describes having difficulties finding time to complete her online course work and staying current with the discussions. Chris is already feeling the consequences of her actions, as reflected by her falling grades.

1. What strategies could Chris's advisor explain to her that might help her overcome procrastination?
   
   
2. Chris explains to her advisor that although she procrastinates, she is also a perfectionist, always wanting to earn A' on all her work. What guidance should her advisor give her?
   
   
3. Chris's advisor tells her to try positive affirmations to boost her self-esteem. What is a positive affirmation, and how would it help Chris in this situation?
   
   
4. Chris explains how the online course is a lot harder than what she expected and she is having trouble keeping up with the class. She tells her advisor that she often forgets about the assignments because the course is more self-directed than her other classes. How should her advisor help her?
   
   

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This is a graduate course and students will be expected to research and write papers summarizing in their own words what they have found on current topics from the weekly readings. Research is a theoretical review of relevant literature and application of findings in the literature to a topic related to a specific industry, field, or business problem.

The research must be conducted using peer-reviewed trade or academic journals. While Blogs, Wikipedia, encyclopedias, course textbooks, popular magazines, newspaper articles, online websites, etc. are helpful for providing background information, these resources are NOT suitable resources for this research assignment.

TOPIC SELECTED --- ‘CASH MANAGEMENT’

a. Cover page

b. Overview describing the importance of the ‘cash management’ to current business and professional practice in your own words.

c. Purpose of Research should reflect the potential benefit of the ‘cash management’ to the current business and professional practice and the larger body of research. d. Review of the Literature summarized in your own words. Note that this should not be a “copy and paste” of literature content, nor should this section be substantially filled with direct quotes from the article. A literature review is a summary of the major points and findings of each of the selected articles (with appropriate citations). Direct quotations should be used sparingly. Normally, this will be the largest section of your paper (this is not a requirement; just a general observation).

e. Practical Application of the literature. Describe how your findings from the relevant research literature can shape, inform, and improve current business and professional practice related to your chosen topic.

f. Conclusion in your own words

g. References formatted according to APA style requirements

A researcher wants to see if there are any differences between three types of studying: Studying in a quiet room, studying in a room with classical music playing, and studying in a room with loud lawn equipment going on outside the window. She recruits 9 college students and puts three in each group. She has them read an excerpt from a physics textbook and then gives them a 5-question quiz. Below are their scores. Does study condition have an effect on academic performance?

Quiet Room Classical Music Loud Lawn Equipment

122

243

524

8. State the null and alternative hypotheses for this study, both statistically and in English.
9. Calculate the dfbetween, dfwithin, and dftotal and find Fcritical. 2
10. Calculate the mean of each group (M1, M2, and M3), ∑x and SSwithin
11. Determine G and N and calculate the SStotal and the SSbetween.
12. Find the MSbetween and MSwithin.

13. Calculate F and make your decision (accept or reject the null?) and report your results in APA format (see the “In The Literature” section on page 349 in your textbook to help you with this).

The following questions assess your understanding of correlational data.

14. Draw a graph that demonstrates a positive correlation. Label your axes with two variables that are normally positive correlated in the world.
15. Draw a graph that demonstrates a negative correlation. Label your axes with two variables that are normally negative correlated in the world.
16. Summarize why a correlation cannot imply causation. And give an example that illustrates this fact (that is not already given in your textbook.

Assignment #8: Chi-Square Test of Independence

Directions: Use the Crosstabs option in the Descriptives menu to answer the questions based on the following scenario. (Be sure to select Chi-square from the Statistics submenu and Observed, Expected, Row, and Column in the Cells submenu. Assume a level of significance of .05)

The school district recently adopted the use of e-textbooks, and the superintendent is interested in determining the level of satisfaction with e-textbooks among students and if there is a relationship between the level of satisfaction and student classification. The superintendent selected a sample of students from one high school and asked them how satisfied they were with the use of e-textbooks. The data that were collected are presented in the following table.

          Student Classification

1. Of the students that were satisfied, what percent were Freshmen, Sophomore, Junior, and Senior? (Round your final answer to 1 decimal place).

2. State an appropriate null hypothesis for this analysis.

3. What is the value of the chi-square statistic? The value of chi-square is 7.12.

4. What are the reported degrees of freedom? The df is 3.

5. What is the reported level of significance? The reported level of significance is .052.

6. Based on the results of the chi-square test of independence, is there an association between e-textbook satisfaction and academic classification?

7. Present the results as they might appear in an article. This must include a table and narrative statement that reports and interprets the results of the analysis.

Note: The table must be created using your word processing program. Tables that are copied and pasted from SPSS are not acceptable.

Assignment #8: Chi-Square Test of Independence

Directions: Use the Crosstabs option in the Descriptives menu to answer the questions based on the following scenario. (Be sure to select Chi-square from the Statistics submenu and Observed, Expected, Row, and Column in the Cells submenu. Assume a level of significance of .05)

The school district recently adopted the use of e-textbooks, and the superintendent is interested in determining the level of satisfaction with e-textbooks among students and if there is a relationship between the level of satisfaction and student classification. The superintendent selected a sample of students from one high school and asked them how satisfied they were with the use of e-textbooks. The data that were collected are presented in the following table.

Student Classification
Sophomore Junior Senior

Satisfied Freshmen
Yes 18 19 13 12

No 13 14 15 17

1. Of the students that were satisfied, what percent were Freshmen, Sophomore, Junior, and Senior? (Round your final answer to 1 decimal place).

2. State an appropriate null hypothesis for this analysis.

3. What is the value of the chi-square statistic?

4. What are the reported degrees of freedom?

5. What is the reported level of significance?

6. Based on the results of the chi-square test of independence, is there an association between e-textbook satisfaction and academic classification?

7. Present the results as they might appear in an article. This must include a table and narrative statement that reports and interprets the results of the analysis.

   Note: The table must be created using your word processing program. Tables that are copied and pasted from SPSS are not acceptable.

The MBA program was experiencing problems scheduling its courses. The demand for the program’s optional courses and majors was quite variable from one year to the next. In one year, students seem to want marketing courses; in other years, accounting or finance are the rage. In desperation, the dean of the business school turned to a Statistics professor for assistance. The Statistics professor believed that the problem may be the variability in the academic background of the students and that the undergraduate degree affects the choice of major. As a start, he took a random sample of last year’s MBA students and recorded the undergraduate degree and the major selected in the graduate program. The undergraduate degrees were BA (=1), BEng (=2), BBA (=3), and several others (=4). There are three possible majors for the MBA students: Accounting (=1), Finance (=2), and Marketing (=3). Can the Statistics professor conclude that the undergraduate degree affects the choice of major?

1. a) Create a cross-classified (or contingency) table with undergraduate degree as the row and MBA major as the column. The data in this table should be deemed as observed counts.

2. b) Create another table with the corresponding expected counts and having row totals, column totals, and grand total. Round each cell value to two decimal places.

3. c) Perform a chi-square test to assess the association (or independence) between undergraduate degree and choice of MBA major at 5% level of significance. Verify the assumptions required for the chi-square test of independence. Make sure you follow all the steps for hypothesis testing indicated in the Instructions section and show your computations.

“In May 2019 Australian graphic design tool website Canva suffered an attack that exposed
email addresses, usernames, names, cities of residence, and salted and hashed with bcrypt 
passwords (for users not using social logins — around 61 million) of 137 million users. 
Canva says the hackers managed to view, but not steal, files with partial credit card and 
payment data. (Sourced from IT Security agency)

Referring to the case given, list and explain 2 steps that can help prevent data breach like this.

“…Many different departments within an organization now require access to the same data.
With conventional file processing, data are often duplicated in multiple files. Often
data are stored in different formats in each of the files in which they are stored. On
occasion, data which are stored in multiple files do not agree and time has to be
expended to resolve these differences. (Sourced from an Academic journal)

List and illustrate 2 benefits of a suitable database system to support a business like this.

With the arrival of the Internet, other mobile companies started
understanding how data, not voice, was the future of communication. Nokia
didn’t grasp the concept of software and kept focusing on hardware because the
management feared to alienate current users if they changed too much.”

List and briefly explain 2 factors that might have been overlooked by the business(es), referred to in the case.  

Referring to the case given, list and explain 2 steps that can help prevent data breach like this.

a.) According to a recent​ report, 46% of college student internships are unpaid. A recent survey of 120 college interns at a local university found that 57 had unpaid internships. 1.)Use the​ five-step p-value approach to hypothesis testing and a 0.05 level of significance to determine whether the proportion of college interns that had unpaid internships is different from 0.46. 2.) Assume that the study found that 70 of the 120 college interns had unpaid internships and repeat​ (1). Are the conclusions the​ same? Let π be the population proportion. Determine the null​ hypothesis, H0​, and the alternative​ hypothesis, H1. ​(Type integers or decimals. Do not​ round.)

b.) ​Recently, a large academic medical center determined that 9 of 23 employees in a particular position were male​, whereas 55​% of the employees for this position in the general workforce were male. At the 0.05 level of​ significance, is there evidence that the proportion of males in this position at this medical center is different from what would be expected in the general​ workforce? What are the correct hypotheses to test to determine if the proportion is​ different?

c.) A consulting group recently conducted a global survey of product teams with the goal of better understanding the dynamics of product team performance and uncovering the practices that make these teams successful. One of the survey findings was that 36​% of organizations have a coherent business strategy that they stick to and effectively communicate. Suppose another study is conducted to check the validity of this​result, with the goal of proving that the percentage is less than 36​%. State the null and research hypotheses. Identify the null and alternative hypotheses.

Assignment #8: Chi-Square Test of Independence Directions:

Use the Crosstabs option in the Descriptives menu to answer the questions based on the following scenario. (Be sure to select Chi-square from the Statistics submenu and Observed, Expected, Row, and Column in the Cells submenu. Assume a level of significance of .05)

The school district recently adopted the use of e-textbooks, and the superintendent is interested in determining the level of satisfaction with e-textbooks among students and if there is a relationship between the level of satisfaction and student classification. The superintendent selected a sample of students from one high school and asked them how satisfied they were with the use of e-textbooks. The data that were collected are presented in the following table.

Student Classification (N = 126)

Satisfied Freshmen Sophomore Junior Senior

Yes 13 13 21 20

No 22 17 8 12

1. Of the students that were satisfied, what percent were Freshmen, Sophomore, Junior, and Senior? (Round your final answer to 1 decimal place).

2. State an appropriate null hypothesis for this analysis.

3. What is the value of the chi-square statistic?

4. What are the reported degrees of freedom?

5. What is the reported level of significance?

6. Based on the results of the chi-square test of independence, is there an association between e-textbook satisfaction and academic classification?

7. Present the results as they might appear in an article. This must include a table and narrative statement that reports and interprets the results of the analysis.

Note: The table must be created using your word processing program. Tables that are copied and pasted from SPSS are not acceptable.

Five students visiting the student health center for a free dental examination during National Dental Hygiene Month were asked how many months had passed since their last visit to a dentist. Their responses were as follows. 6 19 10 24 27 Assuming that these five students can be considered a random sample of all students participating in the free checkup program, construct a 95% confidence interval for the mean number of months elapsed since the last visit to a dentist for the population of students participating in the program. (Give the answer to two decimal places.) ( , )

In a study of academic procrastination, the authors of a paper reported that for a sample of 411 undergraduate students at a midsize public university preparing for a final exam in an introductory psychology course, the mean time spent studying for the exam was 7.34 hours and the standard deviation of study times was 3.90 hours. For purposes of this exercise, assume that it is reasonable to regard this sample as representative of students taking introductory psychology at this university.

(a) Construct a 95% confidence interval to estimate μ, the mean time spent studying for the final exam for students taking introductory psychology at this university. (Round your answers to three decimal places.)
(  ,  )

(b) The paper also gave the following sample statistics for the percentage of study time that occurred in the 24 hours prior to the exam.

n = 411      x = 43.98      s = 21.96

Construct a 90% confidence interval for the mean percentage of study time that occurs in the 24 hours prior to the exam. (Round your answers to three decimal places.)