The fundamentals of firewall and its basics can be described by the following, except one? Justify your choice?

1. Like a sentry at the border or a gateway, a firewall watches for traffic that fails to comply with the rules or filters defined by a firewall administrator.
2. There is still a disagreement among network administrators as to whether firewall is a key component of infrastructure security or a hinderance to essential network security tasks.  
3. Default-deny or default-allow are the two main philosophies or security stances that govern the use of rules, where a default-deny stance assumes that all traffics are potentially malicious, at least unwanted, or unauthorized, and a default-allow stance assumes that most traffics are benign.
4. It is inaccurate or an overstatement to say that every network needs a firewall, at home, work, school, or otherwise because firewall is not fundamental to network communications.

The Graduate Record Examination (GRE) is a test required for admission to many U.S. graduate schools. Students' scores on the quantitative portion of the GRE follow a normal distribution with mean 150 and standard deviation of 8.8. In addition to other qualifications, a score of at least 160 is required for admission to a particular graduate school.

a. What proportion of combined scores can be expected to be over 160?

b. What proportion of combined GRE scores can be expected to be between 155 and 160?

c. What is the probability that a randomly selected student will score less than 150 points?

d. Historically, Department of History at NYU has admitted students whose quantitative GRE score is at least at the 61st percentile. What is the lowest GRE score of the students they admit?

e. Determine the range of scores that make up the middle 95% of the scores.

For this exercise, select two people in leadership positions to interview. They can be leaders in the formal or informal positions at work, school, or society.

Conduct a 30-minute interview with each leader – ask the leaders to describe the visions they have for their organizations. In addition, ask, “How do you articulate and implement your visions”.

Leader #1 – is the leader vision content, vision articulation, or vision implementation?

Leader #2 – is the leader vision content, vision articulation, or vision implementation?

• What differences and similarities did you observe between the two leaders?
• Did the leaders advocate specific values? If so, what?
• Did the leaders use any unique symbols to promote their visions? If so, what?
• In what ways did the leaders behaviors model their visions to others?

2-) Methane gas enters an uninsulated horizontal pipe with a thin wall of 25 cm in diameter at a temperature of (300+ ??) C with 4.5 tons of mass flow per hour and exits at (280+ ??) C. The pipe is smooth and its length is 10 m and the ambient and environmental temperature is 25 C. Since the smear coefficient of the pipe surface is given as 0.8; (?? = school no. last two digits, for example 0611002072; ?? = 72, ie 300 + 72 = 372 C and 280 + 72 = 352 C) a-) Indoor and outdoor convection coefficients (W / m K), b -) Calculate heat loss from the pipe to the environment (W), c-) Surface temperature of the pipe (C), d-) Calculate the required fan power (W) and interpret the results.

28 will be written instead of a question mark

A friend has approached you for advice because they know you are in an investments class. The friend’s grandfather has made a gift to the friend of $25,000 with the requirement that the money be used to invest in a minimum of 5 individual stocks. (The grandfather is an old-school stock investor and feels strongly that investing in stocks will help your friend understand the markets and the economy and will improve your friend’s decision-making skills.)

What are the three things you would want your friend to understand before they begin investing? In addition to those three things, how would you advise your friend to go about evaluating what stocks to choose? (You are not recommending a stock, you are advising them how they can choose a stock.) Finally, would you suggest they go about executing their transactions?

Tekashi is currently dating his girlfriend Sara. Sara does not have a job, nor does she go to school. Sara also has no income. Tekashi pays $10,000 towards Sara’s support and she lives with him during the entire year. Sara does not contribute to his own support.

1. Can Tekashi claim Sara as a “qualifying child” or “qualifying relative” dependent?

2. Tekashi has no children or possible dependents other than Sara. What is Tekashi’s filing status?

3.What if Sara’s mistress, Jenny, pays $10,002 towards Sara’s financial support? Does Sara still qualify as his dependent?

4. What if Sara only lives with Tekashi for 160 days of the year?

The taxation is for the United States.

Edit: I'll do it myself. /thread

Timmy, a second-grader, wasn’t feeling like himself. A month ago his best friend moved to another city, leaving Timmy feeling sad, miserable, and with no one to play with in his free time. His mom and dad were worried because he was no longer interested in kite-flying, something he had really enjoyed for a long time. Timmy also tried to make excuses for why he should stay home from school. Sometimes Timmy wouldn’t go to sleep at night, and he wasn’t interested in eating any of his favorite foods. His parents worried about how sad he always seemed. After a month of worry, his parents decided to take Timmy to a family counselor.

How do you think the counselor will help Timmy?

Hi, I need this paper to be fixed for grammar, word replacement, spelling, and correct sentences. My professor really focuses on that, is about answering questons she said its alright to include these questions in the essay with its number.

1. Polio is a communicable disease that is caused by a virus and spread from person to person. Give an example of a communicable disease that is of an issue today and apply the Model of Disease Causation to its disease process

Poliomyelitis often called polio, or infantile paralysis is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus.

Incubation period:

The virus can act from few hours to few days

Mode of transmission:

Poliovirus is usually spread from person to person through infected fecal matter entertaining the mouth.

Spread through the food and water containing human feces. Saliva also infects it.

The people infected may spread the infection up to six weeks.

This disease is preventable by with polio vaccine; however, multiple doses are required to be effective.

Some of the communicable diseases are like Lassa fever, hepatitis A, yellow fever, seasonal influenza dengue, measles, Borna disease virus.

The model of disease causation depends on the relationship between an agent, a host, and the environment.    

2. Compare and contrast the ethical issues identified in the development of the polio vaccine. Does the idea of benefiting the greater right balance out the freedom of choice or protection of the individual Discuss a similar Public Health topic relevant today in the United States and compare and contrast the ethical issues surrounding it

Vaccine plays an essential role in the reduction of infectious diseases like smallpox poliomyelitis and measles. But it is always concerned with some ethical issues. The critical moral debates are related to vaccine regulation and development .a

Its use depends on mandates research and testing informed consent access disparities

Freedom of choice is more significant some refuse it based on their family religious beliefs; culture may develop some other problem. The polio vaccine accepted many people.

One of the public health problems regarding a particular vaccine is HPV vaccine (Human Papilloma Virus) for girls between age 12 -16.

As this is given to prevent STD, still there are a controversy and mandates parents and people do not accept it because of some reason like why administered only to one gender (girls), why and how a child could get STD against some religious beliefs. Nowadays many states accept the religious exemption when it comes to the part of vaccination or immunizations on their ideas and freedom.

3. The iron lung was invented as a short-term aid to breathing, not as a long-term device to live. "It was meant to bring people back to health, not keep hopelessly damaged bodies alive." (p. 62, Oshinsky). What are the economic considerations of long-term therapy such as the iron lung? Discuss who pays for the treatment and who gets to decide who gets such treatment. Give an example of similar cost/benefit situation in today's healthcare environment

Iron lung was indeed invented during the epidemic of Polio when people needed short-term respiratory support. The mechanism of iron lung was more of traumatic, but the modern age mechanical ventilator has replaced iron lung, which is efficient, least traumatic, the patient can get support for long duration and the duration of mechanical support solely decided by the caregiver despite lousy prognosis of the patient. With great inventions in medicine render more choices to an individual about healthcare.

Chronic ventilator patients are a significant burden to individual, hospital as well as to insurance companies and overall to the country. There have been various studies conducted to determine if care to terminally ill is a boom or a curse. Economic consideration includes the charges applied for per machine ventilator. The trained personnel to take care of a patient on a ventilator, the medication administered to keep improving the patient status and the physical supports like an air mattress, foot blocks, DVT compressor, cardiac monitors for continuous monitoring, changing the equipment according to protocols for preventing infections, etc.

Insurance agencies aid payment of such long-term therapy but not very willingly. Medicare, Medicaid does give reimbursement according to the level of long-term care which compromise on such patient. Due to this issues, various units are solely created to care for patients with long-term therapy to grant Prospective Payment System (PPS) waiver, but in many states, such facilities are unavailable leading to a significant financial burden on the caregiver and family. Decision making in such units is done based on mental capacity, the role of caregivers and self-advocacy. In case of long-term pediatric therapy, the decision wholly taken by the parents. Mainly such choice is chosen jointly by the caregiver- physician interaction about the patient prognosis and outcome, but the financial burden is definitely to the caregiver in the form of self-aid or insurance.

In various countries, healthcare has reached it's best inventions and many more options to sustain life but whether this option is worth its cost is the real dilemma. Another example of cost/ benefit situation in today's healthcare environment is a treatment for Cancer. The enormous advances in treatment modalities for cancer have developed but the medical prognosis highly uncertain. The cost of chemotherapy, the quality of life after cancer treatment and the uncertainty of its effect on cancer cells or even remission after complete healing is a tremendous upcoming challenge in today's healthcare environment.

4. In spite of its governmental-sounding name, the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (later renamed the March of Dimes) was a private organization that obtained all funding through private donations. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of private financing for the development of the polio vaccine. Compare and contrast the development of the polio vaccine with today's development of vaccines that are, for the most part, publicly funded

Advantages of private funding development for polio vaccine:

The private organizations they will donate the money for the welfare of any organization.

The organization will provide storage and transport facilities for the polio vaccine.

The private organization will provide polio vaccine supply for the villages. They are also offering cold chain.

Disadvantages:

If the private organization asks to stop the supplies to any organization, they will stop the amount of material. Sometimes they will do recycling for a vaccine, and they will supply.

Sometimes after the expiry date also they will supply for the people.

It is a life-threatening situation.

Difference between polio vaccine earlier and new vaccines. There is a lot of vhachan in the past years. Supply more storage facilities; transportation facilities are more; cold chain management is present, providing the pentavalent vaccine.

5. The National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis was revolutionary in the way it raised money for charity. Even though there are many other potentially threatening diseases, describe how the Foundation was able to be a dominant source for its cause. Does the concept of "philanthropy as consumerism" belong in the field of public health? Why or why not?

Poliomyelitis is a disease, which affects the motor function of the body causing paralysis of limbs (upper limb and lower limb) National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, which was later, renamed as March of Dimes Foundation. President Franklin D. Roosevelt founded the organization in 1938, to combat Polio. He is an adult victim of polio.

{C}{C}It helps to improve the health of mother and babies by preventing congenital disabilities. Premature birth and infant mortality.

A fundraising campaign for this made through the radio. Eddie coined the term "The March of Dimes." This campaign helped to provide money for the development of two effective vaccines

Philanthropy as consumerism in public health is significant. That is because of the money raised by the organization as to be used in the right way, instead of spending it for no reasons. Here the people are more involved in their health for making decisions of their own. Experts believe that consumerism is more prevalent now than before.

Roosevelt himself paralyzed after being stricken by Polio in 1921.

The first task of this foundation was to create a network of local chapters that could raise money and deliver aid for more than 3100 countries. Charity drives started to raise money to care for matters of Polio survivors.

This foundation provided not only helps but also hope for the nation of terrified people. It was a potential disease result in impairment and disability. Worldwide and NFIP become an excellent source of charity to eliminate this disease. After NFIP they gave "Salk" trial, which was a great success.

Financial inclusion: R8 15 lacks per annum can help to access R8 3 impact your contribution 1:20

Access to health care: R8 lack per annum can help 1,000,000 poor access health care impact 1:20

  Right to education: 25 lack can help 2000 children to get free education in private schools 1:80

Question: would you advise Singapore Airlines to enter into the Indian airline market? Why or why not? (think industry analysis)

In February 2013, Singapore International Airlines (SIA) was considering a strategic partnership with the US$100 billion Tata Group, India's largest private conglomerate, to form a full-service airline to serve the Indian market. The move came soon after the Indian government decided to allow foreign direct investment (FDI) in the aviation sector, enabling international airlines to own an equity stake of up to 49% in local carriers. This represented an opportunity for SIA to enter the Indian market with a strong local partner. Tata, however, had just announced its partnership with Malaysia's AirAsia to form a low-cost carrier service in India. Some investors saw Tata's double move as an attempt to hedge its bets by trying to enter the low- cost and the full-service airline industry sectors simultaneously. For SIA, it raised an open question about the possible dangers of partnering with a company that was starting a low-cost airline in parallel. SIA management was trying to determine the attractiveness of entering the Indian airline industry.

In 2012 the global airline industry recorded annual revenue of $679 billion and passenger volumes of 2.98 billion, both of which had been growing over the previous decade - apart from a dip during the recession of 2009. However, the industry delivered a weak net profit of $6.1 billion in 2012 as a result of a slowdown in the global economy and high jet fuel prices

In terms of geographic distribution, North America remained the largest market, capturing 31% of global revenues, particularly due to improved efficiencies driven by industry consolidation in the US. European airlines were the second-largest but they barely broke even, largely impacted by the Eurozone recession. Asia-Pacific (including China, Japan, India, South Korea, Singapore, and others), despite being in the third spot by revenue, delivered the largest profits and also accounted for the largest passenger volumes at 948 million or 32% Over the next 20 years, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.5%, the region was also projected to outpace the 4.7% growth rate in worldwide air traffic, whereas North America and Europe were expected to see a decline.

Overall, industry revenue was estimated to grow 107% to $1.4 trillion by 2032 with a

significant portion of this growth driven by the Asia-Pacific region. In contrast to the passenger

market, however, the air freight business suffered in 2012 due to shrinking markets, falling

utilization, and lower yields. A cargo weight load factor of 66% and the passenger load factor of

79.3% indicated significant overcapacity, cited as a leading concern by airline CEOs at the

Historically, the global airline industry has been fragmented, largely because of regulations - in the form of landing rights and freedom to form alliances - that protected national carriers, which were either wholly or partly owned by their country's government. As air travel increased, in the late 1970s in the US and the late 1980s and early 1990s in Europe, the industry deregulated, allowing new entrants into the market. The creation of the European Union (EU) removed some country-specific barriers and allowed free competition among European airlines for the EU space. Inbound landing rights continued to provide protection against Asian and American airlines, but by the late 1990s, agreements were negotiated to allow landing rights based purely on free-market principles. This meant that airports in any one country or region (in the case of the EU) could sell landing rights to any carrier from a country in a different region provided the flights originated in the carrier's country of origin. At the same time, the US-led Open Skies policies (initiated in 1979), which aimed to completely deregulate the industry worldwide, gained momentum as several bilateral agreements2 were signed over the following decades. However, only moderate success had been achieved in terms of multilateral agreements between major markets (for example, the US with New Zealand, Singapore, Brunei, and Chile in 20013 and US-EU in 20074).

Deregulation opened the way for airlines to position themselves strategically to compete on a global scale. Legacy airlines started forming alliances that allowed them to sell flights to destinations to which they did not fly through codesharing with their partner airlines, thus increasing their network. More importantly, with the increased competition, passenger yield - i.e. the average fare per kilometer per scheduled passenger - experienced downward pressure, and customers became more price-sensitive. Price, of course, was not the single factor, customers were able to choose among different levels of price and service. The flip side was that airlines' profitability suffered as it became increasingly difficult to maintain a reasonable margin over costs. Commoditization of airline services since the mid-2000s and an incredibly competitive and fragmented market structure continued to beleaguer the industry.

After several years of losses, consolidation ensued in the US airline industry, reducing the number of large carriers from 10 to five by mid-2013. This trend, however, struggled to take hold in Europe, except for mergers between Air France and KLM, and British Airways and Iberia. Much-needed cross-border airline mergers were difficult in the EU because many governments preferred to have independent flag carriers. Industry experts felt that such small

IATA AGM in 2012.

and medium-sized flag carriers could be doomed unless they found protection inside a larger 5

group. For example, Lufthansa, the largest airline in terms of revenues, represented only 5.7% of the market with $38.8 billion. The 10 biggest airlines by revenue in the world

The Indian aviation market was the ninth-largest in the world in terms of passenger traffic providing service to over 3,864 airports.

The Indian Aviation Market

and reported total revenues of $9.5 billion, with losses of $1.65 billion, in fiscal year (FY) 2012/13. According to industry think tank CAPA, the sector had the potential for significant growth, with passenger numbers projected to grow to 270 million by 2020, which would make India the third largest aviation market globally after the US and China. Indian aviation had experienced a turning point in 2004/05, with the liberalization of the market and the entry of domestic low-cost airlines, which rapidly grew their market share to reach 59% by early 2013. In tandem, domestic passengers carried by India's scheduled airlines tripled from about 20 million in 2004/05 to 60.66 million in 2011/12. For the second-most populous country in the world, with 1.22 billion people, this represented a tiny fraction. In contrast, the primary alternative means of transport for long-distance travel - the railways - carried 23 million passengers every day. Experts were undecided whether the airline industry could transform to become the mode of choice for long-distance passengers and freight transport in the entire country.

Factors expected to drive India's aviation growth story included increasing affordability of air travel, growing air connectivity driven by government initiatives, strengthening of viable domestic airlines (especially low-cost carriers), and an increase in inflows of FDI. Other positives projected to have an impact were a rapidly rising middle class, increasing levels of disposable income, a new wave of growth in the Indian tourism industry, and greater integration of local businesses with global markets.

However, Tony Tyler, director-general of IATA, cautioned, "operating in India presents bigger challenges than most other markets."8 This was because the aviation sector faced multiple headwinds - a slowing economy, high oil prices, a hostile cost environment caused by the weakness of the Indian rupee, liquidity constraints, and a decline in domestic passenger traffic to 57 million in 2012/13 í pushing all but one player into the red. The five major players were the flag carrier Air India, Jet Airways, IndiGo,

GoAir and SpiceJet while the sixth í full-service Kingfisher Airlines - had gone bankrupt during the year, underlining the fragility of the sector. The exit of Kingfisher Airlines, however, served to improve the prospects of competing airlines which gained market share

The high-cost structure of the Indian aviation market was mainly seen to be the consequence of over-taxation via central and state taxes on fuel and maintenance, service taxes on air tickets, and high airport charges. For example, jet fuel was about 60% more expensive than in Singapore because of state taxes of 35%. Furthermore, the combined debt of India's airlines was estimated to be $14.5 billion, with Air India accounting for about 60% of the debt. loss-making flag carrier had been continually supported by subsidies and protectionist government policies, the most recent being an equity infusion of INR 30,231 crore (about $6.5 billion) starting from 2012 until 2021. Privatization of Air India was on the agenda, with a possible decision on the divestment schedule in 2014.

Singapore International Airlines: Entering the Indian Market?

Founded in 1972, Singapore Airlines had evolved over four decades from a regional airline to one of the most respected travel brands around the world, with a reputation for being an industry trendsetter. From the beginning, SIA had positioned itself as the leader in customer service, offering enhanced standards on the ground and new levels of comfort, cuisine, and entertainment in the air, across all three travel classes. It concentrated on the geographical segments of Southeast Asia, East Asia, South Asia, and the "Kangaroo Route," which flew passengers between the UK and Australia across the eastern hemisphere. In 2000 SIA joined the Star Alliance network of airlines in order to offer to codeshare to increase the number of destinations it served. The most notable among SIA's many firsts was launching the world's longest non-stop commercial flight from Singapore to Los Angeles in 2004; taking delivery of the world's first Airbus 380 in 2007, and becoming the first carrier to operate an all-business-class non-stop flight from Singapore to New York in 2008. For 25 out of the past 26 years, SIA had been named "best airline in the world" by Condé Nast Traveller specifically for its customer service. In FY2011/12, the airline reported total revenues of $9.6 billion16 with net profits of $310 million. Since it started operations, SIA had never posted a negative annual return.

India was the sixth-largest market for the SIA Group, accounting for 6.3% of its seat capacity while controlling just about a 4% share of the international skies from India. SIA's growth had been restricted largely by the refusal of the Indian government to concede to its demand for more seats in terms of the bilateral flying agreements on the India-Singapore route. SIA had therefore long been looking for the right opportunity to enter the growing domestic Indian air travel market. Having Tata as its local partner would provide the best possible assurance of clout, financial support, and professionalism for launching a world-class full-service carrier in the country. There was still the issue of Tata's parallel venture with AirAsia to compete in the low-cost segment. While the two represented clearly different markets with different strategies globally, the dynamics in India were such that the lines between the two were becoming blurred as the price differential narrowed. SIA's foremost concern, when it first embarked on conversations with Tata, was to make sure that the rationale for entering the Indian airline industry was solid.

Leads and Plugs Limited manufactures electrical wiring and plugs for consumer electrical goods. The Chief Executive, Eddie Smith is a very hands-on head of the business. He left school aged 16 and trained as an engineer with the company and is very knowledgeable about all operational aspects of the business. He is even known to turn his hand to helping in the assembly line if there are staff shortages, for example if there is a period during the winter where there is staff shortage due to colds and flu viruses.

However, Eddie is not so good at dealing with paperwork, much to the Administrative and Accounting Department’s dismay. This year he has promised to help them progress a number of Administrative and Financial matters. The first of these concerns a new Bond which Leads and Plugs has bought. Eddie made the decision to buy this on recommendation from a business associate. Eddie has managed to find some paperwork about this at the bottom of his filing cabinet. He has had a look at it but it is making him quite nervous as he does not understand it at all. Louise in Accounts has asked him for some key pieces of information. He has jotted some of these down as follows:

Length of term of the bond: 12 years

Par value of the bond: £100

Coupon: £3 semi-annually

In addition, he has noted from a meeting with the firm’s Financial Advisors that the “yield to maturity” of this type of bond is 8%.

The Financial Controller, Jeff, has also mentioned to Eddie that the company should be thinking about having a bonus or rights issue of shares. This is also making Eddie nervous as he does not understand what either of these terms mean and what the difference between each is. He is keen to make shares more attractively priced to the new investor and also to maintain existing investors’ interest in the company. However, he is not concerned about the company’s cash position as the credit control team has successfully improved the cash position in the business over the last few years. He is really struggling to figure out what the effect on the financial statements would be and Jeff has been too busy to explain this to him.

Eddie has looked out the last Financial Statements and has picked up the following information. He wonders if this might be useful.

Number of Ordinary Shares currently in issue: 12 million

Balance on retained earnings: £25million

QUESTIONS - Jeff is very busy preparing some information for the Company Bank. Jeff has asked you, as his assistant, to help him by drafting the following information for Eddie.

a) Prepare notes which explain to Eddie what the key differences between a bonus and a rights issue. Jeff mentioned you could consider, for example, the motivation for the issue, whether cash changes hands, who the shares are offered to and the effects on the financial statements.

Also, Jeff is considering whether Leads and Plugs Limited should have a bonus issue of shares. The terms would be that 4 new shares would be issued for every 3 shares held.

Jeff would like to you calculate how many new shares would be issued.

b) Lastly, prepare a note for Louise who has asked you to calculate the price of the coupon bond. She has also asked that you explain whether this bond is selling at a premium or a discount.