1. What are the causes of the common cold?
2.What is a virus?

1) what is the treatment for cholera?

2) what is the mechanism of action for the treatment?

3) what is the drug target and how does the drug modify the target

4) what effect does the treatment have on the microbe and the body

5) what are the side effects of the treatments

6) is there drugs resistance with this microbe? if so what kind of resistance?

In parts 1–2 below, determine whether or not ? is a subgroup of ?. (Assume that the operation of ? is the same as that of ?.). (2)

1. ? = 〈R, +〉, ? = {log?: ?∈Q, ?>0}.

2. ? = 〈R, +〉, H = {log?: ?∈Z, ?>0}.

1. Can there be such a thing as an AC battery? Explain.

2. If an AC voltmeter reads 42.0-V, what is the peak value of the time-varying voltage?

6. Let t be a positive integer. Show that 1? + 2? + ⋯ + (? − 1)? + ?? is ?(??+1).

7. Arrange the functions ?10, 10?, ? log ? , (log ?)3, ?5 + ?3 + ?2, and ?! in a list so that each function is big-O of the next function.

8. Give a big-O estimate for the function ?(?)=(?3 +?2log?)(log?+1)+(5log?+10)(?3 +1). For the function g in your estimate f(n) is O(g(n)), use a simple function g of smallest order.

9. Prove that 2x4 + 4x2 + 1 is (x4).

10. Show that 10x3 + 4x + 7 is (x3) by directly finding the constants k, C1, and C2 in the definition “f(x) is (g(x)) if and only if there are positive constants k, C1, and C2 such that C1|g(x)|  |f(x)|  C2|g(x)| whenever x  k”.

SECTION 3.3 Complexity of Algorithms

11. Give a big-O estimate for the number of additions used in this segment of an algorithm. s := 0 for i := 1 to n for j := 1 to n s := s + i + j

12. Give a big-O estimate for the number of operations, where an operation is an addition or multiplication, used in this segment of an algorithm (ignoring comparisons used to test the conditions in the while loop). i := 1 s := 0 while i  n 2 s := s + i i := 2i

13. Given a real number x and a positive integer k, determine the number of multiplications used to find ?2? starting with x and successively squaring (to find x2, x4, x8, and so on). Is this a more efficient way to find ?2? than by multiplying x by itself the appropriate number of times?

14. Determine the least number of comparisons, or best-case performance,

a) required to find the maximum of a sequence of n integers, using Algorithm 1 of Section 3.1.

b) used to locate an element in a list of n terms with a linear search.

15. What is the effect of the time required to solve a problem when you double the size of the input from n to 2n, assuming that the number of milliseconds the algorithm uses to solve the problem with input size n is each of these functions?

a) n3

b) 2n

[Discrete math]

Show that it is possible to arrange the numbers 1, 2, . . . , n

in a row so that the average of any two of these numbers

never appears between them. [Hint: Show that it suffices

to prove this fact when n is a power of 2. Then use mathematical

induction to prove the result when n is a power

of 2.]

I saw the solution but I don't understand why permutation pi is using here.. please explain it with more detail.

Let ?1,?2, … , ?? be a random sample of size ? from a population that can be modeled by the following probability model: ??(?) = ?? ?−1 ? ? , 0 < ? < ?, ? > 0 a) Find the probability density function of ?(?) = max(?1,?2, … , ??). b) Is ?(?) an unbiased estimator for ?? If not, suggest a function of ?(?) that is an unbiased estimator for ?.

The cost of NOT performing 2 cycles of photorespiration is

1 C in the form of CO2

4 C in the form of 2 molecules of phosphoglycolate

1 C (as CO2), 2 ATP, 2 NADPH equivalents, and one molecule of NH4+

3 ATP and 2 NADPH

5 ATP and 2 NADPH

As temperature increases, the quantum yield of photosynthesis in C3 plants is directly affected by

The decreasing ratio of CO2 to O2 in the aqueous phase

The increasing ratio of CO2 to O2 in the aqueous phase

The decreasing ratio of CO2 to O2 in the gas phase

The increasing ratio of CO2 to O2 in the gas phase

In CAM plants and ‘regular’ C4 plants, the enzyme that first fixes CO2 into an organic molecule is

Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase for both

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) for both

NADP-malic enzyme for both

Rubisco in CAM, PEPC in ‘regular’ C4

Rubisco in ‘regular’ C4, PEPC in CAM

In CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism) plants, when and where

are sugars produced?

During the night, in mesophyll cells

During the day, in mesophyll cells

During the night, in bundle sheath cells

During the day, in bundle sheath cells

QUESTION 10

In ‘regular’ C4 plants, when and where are sugars

produced?

During the night, in mesophyll cells

During the day, in mesophyll cells

During the night, in bundle sheath cells

During the day, in bundle sheath cells