4) Consider a decision that you made recently (i.e. within the last two weeks or so). Answer the following questions:

1. a) What were the benefits and costs that you considered when making your decision?

2. b) Would any of those costs that you identified in (a) above be considered sunk costs?

3. c) Were there any additional marginal benefits or marginal costs associated with the decision that you think you should have considered?

A person commits a crime in a city with a population of 5 million. A suspect is identified and arrested. Moreover, the suspect’s DNA matches a sample found at the crime scene. The odds of an erroneous DNA match are one in 1 million. At trial, the prosecutor uses this one-in-a-million statistic to argue that the suspect is guilty. However, the suspect’s defense attorney is well-trained in statistics, and is able to show that there is in fact an 83% chance that an innocent person’s DNA would match the sample found at the crime scene. How did he arrive at this conclusion?

8 Question
Please match the explanation to the term concerning learning.

Learning by association

1. Classical conditioning
2. Toxic side effects
3. Social-Learning
4. Punishment
5. Difficult to control
6. Aversive conditioning
7. Reinforcement

Learning by observation

1. Classical conditioning
2. Toxic side effects
3. Social-Learning
4. Punishment
5. Difficult to control
6. Aversive conditioning
7. Reinforcement

Learning by consequence

1. Classical conditioning
2. Toxic side effects
3. Social-Learning
4. Punishment
5. Difficult to control
6. Aversive conditioning
7. Reinforcement

Anything that increases the response rate

1. Classical conditioning
2. Toxic side effects
3. Social-Learning
4. Punishment
5. Difficult to control
6. Aversive conditioning
7. Reinforcement

Anything that decreases the response rate

1. Classical conditioning
2. Toxic side effects
3. Social-Learning
4. Punishment
5. Difficult to control
6. Aversive conditioning
7. Reinforcement

Positive punishment and negative reinforcement

1. Classical conditioning
2. Toxic side effects
3. Social-Learning
4. Punishment
5. Difficult to control
6. Aversive conditioning
7. Reinforcement

Noting similarities

1. Classical conditioning
2. Toxic side effects
3. Social-Learning
4. Punishment
5. Difficult to control
6. Aversive conditioning
7. Reinforcement

Negative reinforcement and negative punishment

1. Classical conditioning
2. Toxic side effects
3. Social-Learning
4. Punishment
5. Difficult to control
6. Aversive conditioning
7. Reinforcement

Positive punishment

1. Classical conditioning
2. Toxic side effects
3. Social-Learning
4. Punishment
5. Difficult to control
6. Aversive conditioning
7. Reinforcement

Positive reinforcement

1. Classical conditioning
2. Toxic side effects
3. Social-Learning
4. Punishment
5. Difficult to control
6. Aversive conditioning
7. Reinforcement

To note differences

1. Classical conditioning
2. Toxic side effects
3. Social-Learning
4. Punishment
5. Difficult to control
6. Aversive conditioning
7. Reinforcement

The waning of the response due to the removal of the reward

1. Classical conditioning
2. Toxic side effects
3. Social-Learning
4. Punishment
5. Difficult to control
6. Aversive conditioning
7. Reinforcement

?

A PC store sells many types of computers. The PC can have either 16 or 8 gigabytes of memory.

The quality of the PCs can be either New, Refurbished, or Dented.

The price list is given as follows:

Memory size/Status New Refurbished Dented

16 gigabytes 849.99 729.99 609.99

8 gigabytes 699.99 579.99 439.99

Determine the price of a given PC dependent on the user inputs. The sale tax is 9.25% for each PC.

User input can only be 8 or 16 for memory size and 'N', 'R', or 'D' for quality (upper-case). The input quantityt should be 0 or positive.

If any user input is not correct, display an error message and skip all calculation.

All currency amount should be displayed with 2 digits in decimal fraction.

Here are several separate program sample runs. There is No need to use loop for repetition.

Enter the memory size of the PC (8 or 16 gigabytes): 16

Enter the quality of the PC (N for New, R for Refurbished, or D for Dented): N

Enter PC quantity want to buy: 2

The item price is $1699.98

The sale tax is $157.25

The total bill is $1,857.23

----------------------

Enter the memory size of the PC (8 or 16 gigabytes): 8

Enter the quality of the PC (N for New, R for Refurbished, or D for Dented): R

Enter PC quantity want to buy: 3

The item price is $1739.97

The sale tax is $160.95

The total bill is $1900.92

----------------------

Enter the memory size of the PC (8 or 16 gigabytes): 15

Invalid memory size!

----------------------

Enter the memory size of the PC (8 or 16 gigabytes): 8

Enter the quality of the PC (N for New, R for Refurbished, or D for Dented): A

Invalid PC quality!

----------------------

Enter the memory size of the PC (8 or 16 gigabytes): 8

Enter the quality of the PC (N for New, R for Refurbished, or D for Dented): (user hit Tab key)

Invalid PC quality!

----------------------

Enter the memory size of the PC (8 or 16 gigabytes): 16

Enter the quality of the PC (N for New, R for Refurbished, or D for Dented): R

Enter PC quantity want to buy: -2

Invalid PC quantity!

[C++ PROGRAMING]

A stone is thrown vertically upward with an initial velocity of 20 m/s. Air resistance is considered negligible. (1) At what time does it reach the peak? (2) What is the maximum height it reaches? (3) What is speed of the stone just before it hits the ground?

The velocity of a 1-kg particle moving along the x axis changes from vi = -2m/s to vf = -5m/s in 3s. (1) What are the change in momentum and impulse for vi = –2m/s and vf = –5m/s? (2) What is the average force acting in the 3s duration

At time t = 0s a 2-kg particle has a velocity of (4 m/s) � – (3 m/s) �. At t = 3 s its velocity is (2 m/s) � + (3 m/s) �. (1) What is the average force acting during the time interval between t=0s and t=3s? (2) What is the change of the kinetic energy of the particle in the same time interval? (3) What is the average power in the same time interval?

Jackson Smith, a 18 year-old male, was admitted to the Emergency Department at 9pm with severe breathlessness. His family informed you that the patient has a history of Asthma that had been diagnosed when he was two years old. On admission to the Emergency Department the clinical manifestations were:

• Severe dyspnoea, inability to speak sentences in one breath
• Respiratory rate of 32 breaths/minute
• SpO2 94%, on room air
• Pulse rate of 130 beats/minute
• Auscultation of lungs identifies diminished breath sounds and widespread wheeze
• Chest x-ray shows clear and hyper-inflated lung fields

A provisional diagnosis of Acute Severe Asthma is made.

This is the case, and how would you explain or describe the clinical manifestation and the pathogenesis causing the clinical manifestations with which Mr Smith presented.

Assume that R1 = 44 Ω , R2 = 75 Ω , R3 = 19 Ω , R4 = 79 Ω , R5 = 20 Ω , and R6 = 23 Ω .

fig 1

fig 2

fig 3

fig 4

Part A

Find the equivalent resistance of the combination shown in the figure (Figure 1) .

Express your answer using two significant figures.

Req =______ Ω

Part B

Find the equivalent resistance of the combination shown in the figure (Figure 2) .

Express your answer using two significant figures.

Req =______ Ω

Part C

Find the equivalent resistance of the combination shown in the figure (Figure 3) .

Express your answer using two significant figures.

Req =______ Ω

Part D

Find the equivalent resistance of the combination shown in the figure (Figure 4) .

Express your answer using two significant figures.

Req =______ Ω

// -Type in your name in the space provided above in this comment header.
// -Fill in the code that will perform the actions. See the comments
//   (in the code) that describes what to do.

// -The output must match the output given to you by the instructor.
// -After the last brace, in this code on a new line, make a comment
//   stating your name and what your major is at PSU.
//=====================================================================

import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;

public class W7_InClass_Lab
{

static ArrayList<String> players = new ArrayList<String>(Arrays.asList
("Frank", "Chase", "Ryan", "Carlos", "Cole", "Jimmy"));

//---------------------------------------------------------------------
public static void main(String[] args)
   {
   int n, idx;
   boolean itWorked;
   Scanner kb = new Scanner (System.in);
     
   System.out.println ("\n(1-6): Testing student knowldege with ArrayLists.");
   System.out.println ("Before: " + players.toString());

   //-- (1) Check to see if "Carlos" is on the list. Display a msg
   //-- stating whether he is in the list or not.

   //-- (2) Remove "Frank" from list.

   //-- (3) Add "Pedro" to the list, before "Jimmy".

   //-- (4) Add "Shane" to the end of list.

   //-- (5) Find out how many players are in the list.

   //-- (6) Print out the Array List with all of the changes.
   System.out.println ("After: " + players.toString());   // xxxx

   //-- (7) Use the code below that converts an integer to binary.
   //--   Add code so there is a spave between every 8 bits, to make the
   //--   output more redable.

   String binaryStr = "";
   int saveInt, intValue, quotient, remainder;
   int cnt = 0;
  
   System.out.println ("\n(7) Converting an unsigned Integer to binary.");
   System.out.print ("Enter an integer value: ");
   intValue = kb.nextInt();

   if (intValue >= 0)
       {
       saveInt = intValue;

       while (intValue > 0)
           {
           remainder = intValue % 2;
           intValue = intValue / 2;
           binaryStr = (char)(remainder+48) + binaryStr;
           }
       System.out.printf ("After Conversion: %d(10) = %s(2).\n", saveInt, binaryStr);
       }

   //-- (8) Use the array called grades, below.
   //--   starting with index 0m use a for loop to change every other
   //--   grade to 100.
   //--   Printf what the array was BEFORE the changes, and AFTER then Changes.
      
   System.out.println ("\n(8) Laying with an array");      

   int grades[] = { 87, 95, 65, 70, 77, 99, 0, 65, 25, 80, 90, 11 };

   //-- (9) Don't allow the quadratic formula below to crash.
   //-- Add checks for the two possible ways the formula can crash.
   //-- Print out different msgs stating what the problem is,
   //--   Otherwise do the calculations
              
   double a, b, c;
   double underRadical, denominator, answer1, answer2;
  
   System.out.println ("\n(9)Calculating the quadratic formula: ");
   System.out.print ("Enter a value for a: ");
   a = kb.nextDouble();
   System.out.print ("Enter a value for b: ");
   b = kb.nextDouble();
   System.out.print ("Enter a value for c: ");
   c = kb.nextDouble();

   underRadical = (b * b) - (4 * a * c);
   denominator = 2 * a;
  
   answer1 = ((-1.0 * b) - Math.sqrt(underRadical)) / denominator;
   answer2 = ((-1.0 * b) + Math.sqrt(underRadical)) / denominator;
   System.out.println();
   System.out.printf ("Quad.Form., negative answer = %.4f.\n", answer1);
   System.out.printf ("Quad.Form., positive answer = %.4f.\n", answer2);
   } // end-main
} // end-class