The Gourmand Cooking School runs short cooking courses at its small campus. Management has identified two cost drivers it uses in its budgeting and performance reports—the number of courses and the total number of students. For example, the school might run two courses in a month and have a total of 62 students enrolled in those two courses. Data concerning the company’s cost formulas appear below:

For example, administrative expenses should be $3,500 per month plus $44 per course plus $3 per student. The company’s sales should average $890 per student.

The company planned to run four courses with a total of 62 students; however, it actually ran four courses with a total of only 58 students. The actual operating results for September appear below:

Required:

Prepare a flexible budget performance report that shows both revenue and spending variances and activity variances for September. (Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance). Input all amounts as positive values.)

Based on previous research and sound theoretical considerations, an experimental psychologist believes that memory for pictures is superior to memory for words. To test this hypothesis, the psychologist performs an experiment in which students from a introductory psychology class are used as subjects. Eight randomly selected students view 30 slides with nouns printed on them, and another group of eight randomly selected students view 30 slides with actual pictures of the same nouns. Each slide contains either one noun or one picture and is viewed for 4 seconds. After viewing the slides, students are given a recall test. The number of correctly recalled items is recorded. The data collected are given below.

# of pictures recalled: 18 21 14 25 23 19 26 15

# of nouns recalled: 12 9 21 17 16 10 19 22

a. Describe (1) the independent variable and its levels, and (2) the dependent variable and its scale of measurement.

b. Describe the null and alternative hypotheses for the study described.

c. Using Excel, conduct a statistical test of the null hypothesis at p = .05. Be sure to properly state your statistical conclusion.

d. Provide an interpretation of your statistical conclusion in part C.

e. What type of statistical error might you have made in part C?

f. Obtain the 95% confidence interval using the obtained statistic.

g. Provide an interpretation of the confidence interval obtained in part f.

h. Does the confidence interval obtained support your statistical conclusion? Explain your answer.

A study was designed to compare the attitudes of two groups of nursing students towards computers. Group 1 had previously taken a statistical methods course that involved significant computer interaction. Group 2 had taken a statistic methods course that did not use computers. The students' attitudes were measured by administering the Computer Anxiety Rating Scale (CARS). A random sample of 16 16 nursing students from Group 1 resulted in a mean score of 55.4 55.4 with a standard deviation of 4.5 4.5 . A random sample of 8 8 nursing students from Group 2 resulted in a mean score of 66 66 with a standard deviation of 8.3 8.3 . Can you conclude that the mean score for Group 1 is significantly lower than the mean score for Group 2? Let μ1 μ 1 represent the mean score for Group 1 and μ2 μ 2 represent the mean score for Group 2. Use a significance level of α=0.05 α = 0.05 for the test. Assume that the population variances are equal and that the two populations are normally distributed.

Step 1 of 4 : State the null and alternative hypotheses for the test. Step 2 of 4: Compute the value of the t test statistic. Round your answer to three decimal places. Step 3 of 4: Determine the decision rule for rejecting the null hypothesis H0. Round your answer to three decimal places. Step 4 of 4: State the test's conclusion.

The Gourmand Cooking School runs short cooking courses at its small campus. Management has identified two cost drivers it uses in its budgeting and performance reports—the number of courses and the total number of students. For example, the school might run two courses in a month and have a total of 63 students enrolled in those two courses. Data concerning the company’s cost formulas appear below:

For example, administrative expenses should be $3,600 per month plus $40 per course plus $3 per student. The company’s sales should average $880 per student.

The company planned to run four courses with a total of 63 students; however, it actually ran four courses with a total of only 59 students. The actual operating results for September were as follows:

Required:

Prepare a flexible budget performance report that shows both revenue and spending variances and activity variances for September. (Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance). Input all amounts as positive values.)

An SAT prep course claims to improve the test score of students. The table below shows the scores for seven students the first two times they took the verbal SAT. Before taking the SAT for the second time, each student took a course to try to improve his or her verbal SAT scores. Do these results support the claim that the SAT prep course improves the students' verbal SAT scores?

Let d=(verbal SAT scores prior to taking the prep course)−(verbal SAT scores after taking the prep course). Use a significance level of α=0.1 for the test. Assume that the verbal SAT scores are normally distributed for the population of students both before and after taking the SAT prep course.

Student   Score on first SAT   Score on second SAT
1 480 530
2 530 580
3 520 560
4 530 610
5 360 390
6 380 400
7 550 610

Step 1 of 5: State the null and alternative hypotheses for the test.

Step 2 of 5: Find the value of the standard deviation of the paired differences. Round your answer to one decimal place.

Step 3 of 5: Compute the value of the test statistic. Round your answer to three decimal places.

Step 4 of 5: Determine the decision rule for rejecting the null hypothesis H0. Round the numerical portion of your answer to three decimal places.

Step 5 of 5: Make the decision for the hypothesis test. (Reject or Fail to Reject Null Hypothesis)

The MBA program was experiencing problems scheduling its courses. The demand for the program’s optional courses and majors was quite variable from one year to the next. In one year, students seem to want marketing courses; in other years, accounting or finance are the rage. In desperation, the dean of the business school turned to a Statistics professor for assistance. The Statistics professor believed that the problem may be the variability in the academic background of the students and that the undergraduate degree affects the choice of major. As a start, he took a random sample of last year’s MBA students and recorded the undergraduate degree and the major selected in the graduate program. The undergraduate degrees were BA (=1), BEng (=2), BBA (=3), and several others (=4). There are three possible majors for the MBA students: Accounting (=1), Finance (=2), and Marketing (=3). Can the Statistics professor conclude that the undergraduate degree affects the choice of major?

1. a) Create a cross-classified (or contingency) table with undergraduate degree as the row and MBA major as the column. The data in this table should be deemed as observed counts.

2. b) Create another table with the corresponding expected counts and having row totals, column totals, and grand total. Round each cell value to two decimal places.

3. c) Perform a chi-square test to assess the association (or independence) between undergraduate degree and choice of MBA major at 5% level of significance. Verify the assumptions required for the chi-square test of independence. Make sure you follow all the steps for hypothesis testing indicated in the Instructions section and show your computations.

1. Students were provided a one-time survey with questions about course load and sleep habits:

- Are you taking another course at the same time as biostats?

- On a normal night during the summer, how much do you sleep?

question: Are sleep times of college students different depending on their course load?

a. Cross-sectional and observational

b. Cross-sectional and experimental

c.Longitudinal (retrospective) and experimental

d.Longitudinal (prospective) and experimental

e.Longitudinal (prospective) and observational

f.Longitudinal (retrospective) and observational

2. An investigator compares average BMI from a simple random sample of students in a school with vending machines to average BMI from a simple random sample of students in a school in the same district without vending machines.

a. Paired differences b.Independent samples c. none d. Historical controls      

Cardiovascular disease risk factors are compared in couples.

  a. Paired differences b. Independent samples c. none d. Historical controls      

A nutritional test is applied to a random sample of individuals. Results are compared to expected (historical) means.

a. Paired differences b. Independent samples c. none d. Historical controls

3. As a measure of center, the mean is paired with which measure of spread?

A. Standard deviation

B. Median

C. Range

D. Interquartile range

4. A _________ is a numerical summary that describes a sample.

A. population

B. sample

C. statistic

D. parameter

5. How are the variance and the standard deviation related?

A. The standard deviation is the variance squared.

B. They are the same.

C. The standard deviation is the square root of the variance.

D. They are not related.

Use SPSS to determine if academic program is related to feelings about PSYC 3002 by computing the appropriate chi square test.

1. Recall the four scales of measurement you learned about in Week 1 (i.e., nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio). Explain what scale of measurement is used to measure academic program in this example. How do you know?

2. Explain what scale of measurement is used to measure feeling about PSYC 3002. Explain how you know.

3. State whether this scenario requires a goodness of fit test or a test of independence. Explain your answer.

4. Before computing the chi square, state the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis in words (not formulas).

5. Identify the obtained χ2 using SPSS and report it in your answer document.

6. State the degrees of freedom and explain how you calculated it by hand.

7. Identify the p value using SPSS and report it in your answer document.

8. Explain whether you should retain or reject the null hypothesis and why.

9. Are the results statistically significant? How do you know?

10. Explain what you can determine about the relationship between academic program and feelings about PSYC 3002.

DATA SET:

Important: please show work for each question. Thank you!

In a previous section of PSY230, the second exam was worth 80 points. The scores from that class were normally distributed with a mean (μ ) of 65 and a standard deviation (σ) of 5. If the exam scores were converted to a Z distribution, the distribution would form a perfect bell shape. The following questions require locating individual exam scores on the Z distribution and examine the percentage (or proportion) of cases above or below a score.

Hints: It helps to draw a Z distribution (bell curve) and place John’s and Tom’s Z scores on the distribution for answering the questions. Use the Z table for converting between Z score and area (percentage) of the distribution.

1. John obtained a score of 74. What is John’s z score?

2. What is the percentage of the students that scored higher than John?

3. If 50 students were in that class, about how many of them scored lower than John’s score? (You can round your answer to the nearest whole number.)

4. Tom obtained a score of 59. What is Tom’s z score?

5. What is the percentage of students that scored between John and Tom?

6. There are 50 students in the class, so about how many of them would likely score lower than Tom? (You can round your answer to the nearest whole number.)

7. Anna only knows that she scores at 87^th percentile on this exam, what is her z score?

8. Based on the result of the previous question, what would be Anna’s actual score on the exam?

The Gourmand Cooking School runs short cooking courses at its small campus. Management has identified two cost drivers it uses in its budgeting and performance reports—the number of courses and the total number of students. For example, the school might run two courses in a month and have a total of 61 students enrolled in those two courses. Data concerning the company’s cost formulas appear below:

For example, administrative expenses should be $3,600 per month plus $44 per course plus $5 per student. The company’s sales should average $890 per student.

The company planned to run four courses with a total of 61 students; however, it actually ran four courses with a total of only 59 students. The actual operating results for September appear below:

Required:

Prepare a flexible budget performance report that shows both revenue and spending variances and activity variances for September. (Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance). Input all amounts as positive values.)