Questions
Door2DoorCo are a large courier company who have just received a shipment of X new vans....

Door2DoorCo are a large courier company who have just received a shipment of X new vans. They wish to lock in a tyre supply contract to keep these vans well shod over the Y months that they intend to keep the vans. The vans come with low quality tyres that will need to be replaced in 2 months. Two suppliers, ThriftyTread and WiserWheels have expressed interest at supplying tyres at a fixed price for the duration. The offers are summarised below:

Number of Vans, X – 120

Corporate Discount rate – J1=12.68% p.a.

Initial Tyre Life – 2 months

Keep vans for (Y) – 50 months

ThriftyTread

  • Tyre price - $100.00
  • Tyre life – Four months
  • Tyre replaced at – 2, 6, 10, …, 46, 50 months

WiserWheels

  • Tyre price - $148.00
  • Tyre life – Six months
  • Tyres replaced at – 2, 8, 14, …, 44, 50 months

a) For each of the two potential suppliers, illustrate Door2DoorCO’s tyre expenditure for the new vans as a fully labelled timeline diagram. (Remember that there are X new vans, and assume each van has 4 tyres.)

b) Determine the value in period 2 dollars of the expenditure stream if Door2DoorCo decide to go with ThriftyTreads. [Hint, you will firstly need to find the j3 rate equivalent to the corporate discount rate, you will then need to find the PV of the expenditure stream in period 2 dollars]

c) Thus determine the present value of the expenditure stream if Door2DoorCo decide to go with ThriftyTreads. [NB this is a bit tricky and is aimed at stronger students]

d) Determine the value in period 2 dollars of the expenditure stream if Door2DoorCo decide to go with WiserWheels.

e) Thus determine the present value of the expenditure stream if Door2DoorCo decide to go with WiserWheels [NB this is a bit tricky and is aimed at stronger students]

f) Comparing your answers for part (b) with part (d), OR part (c) with part (e), explain which tyre supplier Door2DoorCo should choose.

g) Suggest three legitimate business considerations which a manager may take into account that might influence or even change the recommendation from part (f). NB “These tyres are prettier”, “This company will bribe me with a kickback”, or “My wife works for that company” are NOT legitimate business reasons. (Write around 20~30 words explaining/justifying each consideration.)

In: Accounting

What is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds? Covalent bonds are formed between atoms...

What is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds?


Covalent bonds are formed between atoms to form molecules; ionic bonds are formed between atoms to form compounds.



Covalent bonds involve the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the sharing of single electrons between atoms.



Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the sharing of protons between atoms.



Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the electrical attraction between atoms.
Atoms whose outer electron shells contain 8 electrons tend to

form ions in aqueous solutions.


form hydrogen bonds in aqueous solutions.


be stable and chemically nonreactive, or inert.


be both chemically inert and gaseous at room temperature.

Orange juice has a pH of 3 and Black coffee has a pH of 5 This means that:

Orange juice has 100 times more H+ions than Black coffee


Orange juice is less acidic than Black coffee


Orange juice has 4 times more H+ions than Black coffee


Black Coffee has 100 times more H+ions than Orange juice







Nitrogen (N) is much more electronegative than hydrogen (H). Which of the following statements is correct about the atoms in ammonia (NH3)?

The nitrogen atom has a slight positive charge; each hydrogen atom has a slight negative charge.

Each hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge; the nitrogen atom has a partial negative charge.

Each hydrogen atom has a slight negative charge; the nitrogen atom has a strong positive charge.


The nitrogen atom has a strong positive charge; each hydrogen atom has a strong positive charge.

Atomic number is best described as:

the number of protons in atom


the number of neutrons in atom


the number of electrons in the outermost shell of atom


only A and B

When two atoms are equally electronegative, they will interact to form

hydrogen bonds.


van der Waals interactions.


polar covalent bonds.


nonpolar covalent bonds.

The atomic number of neon is 10. Therefore, which of the following is most correct about an atom of neon?

It has an atomic mass of 10 daltons.


It has 8 electrons in its outer electron shell.


It is inert.


It has 8 electrons in its outer electron shell and it is inert.
About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which four of these 25 elements make up approximately 96% of living matter?

carbon, sodium, hydrogen, nitrogen


carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, hydrogen

carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen

oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, nitrogen

Which of the following is not considered to be a weak molecular interaction?

an ionic bond in the presence of water

a covalent bond


a van der Waals interaction


a hydrogen bond

Which statement is NOT true about the pH scale?

pH has a balanced level of H+and OH-


Anything below pH 7 is acidic and above pH7 is basic

The scale indicates the relative concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in a solution.


all given statements are true

A covalent chemical bond is one in which

outer-shell electrons of two atoms are shared so as to satisfactorily fill the outer electron shells of both atoms.


protons and neutrons are shared by two atoms so as to satisfy the requirements of both atoms.


outer-shell electrons of one atom are transferred to fill the inner electron shell of another atom.


electrons are removed from one atom and transferred to another atom so that the two atoms become oppositely charged.





A covalent bond is likely to be polar when

one of the atoms sharing electrons is much more electronegative than the other atom.


one of the atoms has absorbed more energy than the other atom.


oxygen is one of the two atoms sharing electrons.


the two atoms sharing electrons are equally electronegative.

In what way are elements in the same column of the periodic table the same?

They have the same number of electron shells.


They have the same number of electrons in their valence shell.

They have the same number of protons.


They have the same number of neutrons
The nucleus of a nitrogen atom contains 7 neutrons and 7 protons. Which of the following is a correct statement concerning nitrogen?

The nitrogen atom has a mass number of 14 and an atomic mass of 7 grams.


The nitrogen atom has a mass number of approximately 7 daltons and an atomic mass of 14.


The nitrogen atom has a mass number of 14 and an atomic number 7

The nitrogen atom has a mass number of approximately 14 daltons and an atomic mass of 7.

Knowing just the atomic mass of an element allows inferences about which of the following ?

the number of protons plus neutrons in the element


the number of neutrons in the element


the chemical properties of the element

the number of protons in the element




_______have identical molecular formulas but the atoms in each molecule are arranged differently?


organic



homomolecules



isomer



isotope

Which statement is NOT true about ionic bonds?


electrons are completely lost or gained in ion formation



one atom acts as an electron donor and another acts as an electron acceptor

a salt such as NaCl is formed by an ionic reaction


an ion has the same number of electrons as a non-ionic atom of the same element
Why is each element unique and different from other elements in chemical properties


Each element has a unique atomic mass.


Each element has a unique atomic weight.



Each element has a unique number of neutrons in its nucleus


Each element has a unique number of protons in its nucleus.

Which of the following explains most specifically the attraction of water molecules to one another?

hydrogen bond



ionic bond



nonpolar covalent bond



polar covalent bond




Which bond or interaction would be difficult to disrupt when compounds are put into water?

ionic bond



hydrogen bond



van der Waals interaction



covalent bond

What results from an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms?


a polar covalent bond



an ionic bond



a hydrogen bond



a nonpolar covalent bond

which of the following molecules contains the most polar covalent bond?


H2O



H2



CO2


O2

Two atoms appear to have the same mass number. These atoms


must have the same number of protons + neutrons.


must have the same atomic number.


must have the same chemical properties.

must have the same number of electrons.





Electrons exist only at fixed levels of potential energy. However, if an atom absorbs sufficient energy, a possible result is that


an electron may move to an electron shell closer to the nucleus.



an electron may move to an electron shell farther away from the nucleus.



the atom would become a positively charged ion, or cation, and become a radioactive isotope.

the atom may become a radioactive isotope.

How many electrons are involved in a triple covalent bond?


one


six

three


two

From its atomic number of 15, it is possible to predict that the phosphorus atom has


15 neutrons.



15 electrons.



15 protons and 15 electrons.



15 protons.

Atoms of an element react is most related to the


number of electrons in the outermost shell



number of neutrons in the nucleus


number of electrons in the innermost shell

size of the nucleus



In: Biology

25. please answer all questions round to 4 decimal places A firm is considering replacing the...

25. please answer all questions round to 4 decimal places

A firm is considering replacing the existing industrial air conditioning unit. They will pick one of two units. The first, the AC360, costs $26,455.00 to install, $5,130.00 to operate per year for 7 years at which time it will be sold for $6,941.00. The second, RayCool 8, costs $41,330.00 to install, $2,082.00 to operate per year for 5 years at which time it will be sold for $8,917.00. The firm’s cost of capital is 6.16%. What is the equivalent annual cost of the AC360? Assume that there are no taxes.

A firm is considering replacing the existing industrial air conditioning unit. They will pick one of two units. The first, the AC360, costs $26,548.00 to install, $5,135.00 to operate per year for 7 years at which time it will be sold for $6,971.00. The second, RayCool 8, costs $41,800.00 to install, $2,115.00 to operate per year for 5 years at which time it will be sold for $9,029.00. The firm’s cost of capital is 5.06%. What is the equivalent annual cost of the RayCool8? Assume that there are no taxes.

A firm is must choose to buy the GSU-3300 or the UGA-3000. Both machines make the firm’s production process more efficient which in turn increases incremental cash flows. The GSU-3300 produces incremental cash flows of $25,232.00 per year for 8 years and costs $104,695.00. The UGA-3000 produces incremental cash flows of $27,599.00 per year for 9 years and cost $126,254.00. The firm’s WACC is 9.79%. What is the equivalent annual annuity of the GSU-3300? Assume that there are no taxes.

A firm is must choose to buy the GSU-3300 or the UGA-3000. Both machines make the firm’s production process more efficient which in turn increases incremental cash flows. The GSU-3300 produces incremental cash flows of $25,825.00 per year for 8 years and costs $103,756.00. The UGA-3000 produces incremental cash flows of $27,104.00 per year for 9 years and cost $126,558.00. The firm’s WACC is 9.57%. What is the equivalent annual annuity of the UGA-3000? Assume that there are no taxes.

In: Finance

25. please answer all questions round to 4 decimal places A firm is considering replacing the...

25. please answer all questions round to 4 decimal places

A firm is considering replacing the existing industrial air conditioning unit. They will pick one of two units. The first, the AC360, costs $26,455.00 to install, $5,130.00 to operate per year for 7 years at which time it will be sold for $6,941.00. The second, RayCool 8, costs $41,330.00 to install, $2,082.00 to operate per year for 5 years at which time it will be sold for $8,917.00. The firm’s cost of capital is 6.16%. What is the equivalent annual cost of the AC360? Assume that there are no taxes.

A firm is considering replacing the existing industrial air conditioning unit. They will pick one of two units. The first, the AC360, costs $26,548.00 to install, $5,135.00 to operate per year for 7 years at which time it will be sold for $6,971.00. The second, RayCool 8, costs $41,800.00 to install, $2,115.00 to operate per year for 5 years at which time it will be sold for $9,029.00. The firm’s cost of capital is 5.06%. What is the equivalent annual cost of the RayCool8? Assume that there are no taxes.

A firm is must choose to buy the GSU-3300 or the UGA-3000. Both machines make the firm’s production process more efficient which in turn increases incremental cash flows. The GSU-3300 produces incremental cash flows of $25,232.00 per year for 8 years and costs $104,695.00. The UGA-3000 produces incremental cash flows of $27,599.00 per year for 9 years and cost $126,254.00. The firm’s WACC is 9.79%. What is the equivalent annual annuity of the GSU-3300? Assume that there are no taxes.

A firm is must choose to buy the GSU-3300 or the UGA-3000. Both machines make the firm’s production process more efficient which in turn increases incremental cash flows. The GSU-3300 produces incremental cash flows of $25,825.00 per year for 8 years and costs $103,756.00. The UGA-3000 produces incremental cash flows of $27,104.00 per year for 9 years and cost $126,558.00. The firm’s WACC is 9.57%. What is the equivalent annual annuity of the UGA-3000? Assume that there are no taxes.

In: Finance

25. please answer all questions round to 4 decimal places A firm is considering replacing the...

25. please answer all questions round to 4 decimal places

A firm is considering replacing the existing industrial air conditioning unit. They will pick one of two units. The first, the AC360, costs $26,455.00 to install, $5,130.00 to operate per year for 7 years at which time it will be sold for $6,941.00. The second, RayCool 8, costs $41,330.00 to install, $2,082.00 to operate per year for 5 years at which time it will be sold for $8,917.00. The firm’s cost of capital is 6.16%. What is the equivalent annual cost of the AC360? Assume that there are no taxes.

A firm is considering replacing the existing industrial air conditioning unit. They will pick one of two units. The first, the AC360, costs $26,548.00 to install, $5,135.00 to operate per year for 7 years at which time it will be sold for $6,971.00. The second, RayCool 8, costs $41,800.00 to install, $2,115.00 to operate per year for 5 years at which time it will be sold for $9,029.00. The firm’s cost of capital is 5.06%. What is the equivalent annual cost of the RayCool8? Assume that there are no taxes.

A firm is must choose to buy the GSU-3300 or the UGA-3000. Both machines make the firm’s production process more efficient which in turn increases incremental cash flows. The GSU-3300 produces incremental cash flows of $25,232.00 per year for 8 years and costs $104,695.00. The UGA-3000 produces incremental cash flows of $27,599.00 per year for 9 years and cost $126,254.00. The firm’s WACC is 9.79%. What is the equivalent annual annuity of the GSU-3300? Assume that there are no taxes.

A firm is must choose to buy the GSU-3300 or the UGA-3000. Both machines make the firm’s production process more efficient which in turn increases incremental cash flows. The GSU-3300 produces incremental cash flows of $25,825.00 per year for 8 years and costs $103,756.00. The UGA-3000 produces incremental cash flows of $27,104.00 per year for 9 years and cost $126,558.00. The firm’s WACC is 9.57%. What is the equivalent annual annuity of the UGA-3000? Assume that there are no taxes.

In: Finance

25. please answer all questions round to 4 decimal places A firm is considering replacing the...

25. please answer all questions round to 4 decimal places

A firm is considering replacing the existing industrial air conditioning unit. They will pick one of two units. The first, the AC360, costs $26,455.00 to install, $5,130.00 to operate per year for 7 years at which time it will be sold for $6,941.00. The second, RayCool 8, costs $41,330.00 to install, $2,082.00 to operate per year for 5 years at which time it will be sold for $8,917.00. The firm’s cost of capital is 6.16%. What is the equivalent annual cost of the AC360? Assume that there are no taxes.

A firm is considering replacing the existing industrial air conditioning unit. They will pick one of two units. The first, the AC360, costs $26,548.00 to install, $5,135.00 to operate per year for 7 years at which time it will be sold for $6,971.00. The second, RayCool 8, costs $41,800.00 to install, $2,115.00 to operate per year for 5 years at which time it will be sold for $9,029.00. The firm’s cost of capital is 5.06%. What is the equivalent annual cost of the RayCool8? Assume that there are no taxes.

A firm is must choose to buy the GSU-3300 or the UGA-3000. Both machines make the firm’s production process more efficient which in turn increases incremental cash flows. The GSU-3300 produces incremental cash flows of $25,232.00 per year for 8 years and costs $104,695.00. The UGA-3000 produces incremental cash flows of $27,599.00 per year for 9 years and cost $126,254.00. The firm’s WACC is 9.79%. What is the equivalent annual annuity of the GSU-3300? Assume that there are no taxes.

A firm is must choose to buy the GSU-3300 or the UGA-3000. Both machines make the firm’s production process more efficient which in turn increases incremental cash flows. The GSU-3300 produces incremental cash flows of $25,825.00 per year for 8 years and costs $103,756.00. The UGA-3000 produces incremental cash flows of $27,104.00 per year for 9 years and cost $126,558.00. The firm’s WACC is 9.57%. What is the equivalent annual annuity of the UGA-3000? Assume that there are no taxes.

In: Finance

25. please answer all questions round to 4 decimal places A firm is considering replacing the...

25. please answer all questions round to 4 decimal places

A firm is considering replacing the existing industrial air conditioning unit. They will pick one of two units. The first, the AC360, costs $26,455.00 to install, $5,130.00 to operate per year for 7 years at which time it will be sold for $6,941.00. The second, RayCool 8, costs $41,330.00 to install, $2,082.00 to operate per year for 5 years at which time it will be sold for $8,917.00. The firm’s cost of capital is 6.16%. What is the equivalent annual cost of the AC360? Assume that there are no taxes.

A firm is considering replacing the existing industrial air conditioning unit. They will pick one of two units. The first, the AC360, costs $26,548.00 to install, $5,135.00 to operate per year for 7 years at which time it will be sold for $6,971.00. The second, RayCool 8, costs $41,800.00 to install, $2,115.00 to operate per year for 5 years at which time it will be sold for $9,029.00. The firm’s cost of capital is 5.06%. What is the equivalent annual cost of the RayCool8? Assume that there are no taxes.

A firm is must choose to buy the GSU-3300 or the UGA-3000. Both machines make the firm’s production process more efficient which in turn increases incremental cash flows. The GSU-3300 produces incremental cash flows of $25,232.00 per year for 8 years and costs $104,695.00. The UGA-3000 produces incremental cash flows of $27,599.00 per year for 9 years and cost $126,254.00. The firm’s WACC is 9.79%. What is the equivalent annual annuity of the GSU-3300? Assume that there are no taxes.

A firm is must choose to buy the GSU-3300 or the UGA-3000. Both machines make the firm’s production process more efficient which in turn increases incremental cash flows. The GSU-3300 produces incremental cash flows of $25,825.00 per year for 8 years and costs $103,756.00. The UGA-3000 produces incremental cash flows of $27,104.00 per year for 9 years and cost $126,558.00. The firm’s WACC is 9.57%. What is the equivalent annual annuity of the UGA-3000? Assume that there are no taxes.

In: Finance

Concentrated solar power is a method of using the Sun's light to produce useful energy on...

Concentrated solar power is a method of using the Sun's light to produce useful energy on Earth. A large system of mirrors collects light during the day and focuses it on a target which is raised to a high temperature. The energy delivered to the target is then used to generate steam which runs turbines to produce electricity. The mirrors do not have to be circular, and for some designs they focus light along a line rather than to a point .

Concentrated solar power is a practical alternative to direct solar "photovoltaic" electric because the efficiency is high and because the energy collected may be stored, for example in molten salts. However, it has a very significant environmental impact on wildlife because intense converging light may endanger birds and bats. A way to reduce that risk is to lower the temperature by collecting light in long cylindrical troughs.  

In the following: a "kilowatt" or "kW" is 1000 watts. A watt is a joule/second. A kilowatt-hour or "kWh" is a kilowatt delivered for an hour. It is a unit of energy, 1000 joules per second times the number of seconds in an hour (3600).  

1. Suppose you wanted to collect power sufficient for 10,000 homes, which on average use about 10,000 kilowatt hours a year each. Given a solar constant of 1.4 kW/m2, at a site with 300 clear days a year, how much area would be needed to gather the power required? Assume the turbines have an efficiency of 40% and there are 8 hours a day of useful sunlight. Given that area, if it is covered by mirrors in a square array, what is the size of the square along one side in meters? Explain.

2. To save birds and avoid singed technicians, you design the array to use cylindrically shaped mirrors focusing light to a line on long pipes. In this way the delivered power is distributed over a larger target and the temperature of the target is kept low. What is the ideal shape of the mirror? If approximately that shape were a cylinder with a diameter of 4 meters, where would the pipe have to be above the mirror's surface?  

3. The source of the energy collected by this power station is the fusion of hydrogen within the Sun's core where it is converted to helium with a small loss of mass. How much mass does the Sun lose each year to deliver this energy to a solar power system on Earth?

In: Physics

Plato Pharmaceuticals Ltd. has invested $100,000 to date in developing a new type of insect repellent....

Plato Pharmaceuticals Ltd. has invested $100,000 to date in developing a new type of insect repellent. The repellent is now ready for production and sale, and the marketing manager estimates that the product will sell 150,000 bottles a year for the first two years, 170,000 for year three and 200,000 for the next two years. The selling price of the insect repellent will be $6.00 a bottle and the variable costs are estimated to be $3.00 a bottle for Year one. For the next two years the selling price will be $6.50 with variable cost of $3.15 a bottle, and then selling price will be $7.00 after that with a variable cost of $3.55, and $3.80 per bottle. Fixed costs are expected to be $210,000 a year. The figure is made up of $160,000 additional fixed costs and $50,000 fixed costs relating to the existing business that will be apportioned to the new business. In order to produce the repellent, machinery and equipment costing $520,000 will have to be purchased immediately. The estimated residual (salvage) value of this machinery and equipment in five years’ time is $100,000. The business calculates depreciation following CCA rules. The business has a cost of capital of 12%. CCA 30% (50% rule applicable) of depreciation will be used, and taxes are paid at a rate of 40%. Required:

1. Create a cash flow statement for the project for the next 5 years

2. Calculate the net present value.

3. Calculate the internal rate of return.

4. Undertake sensitivity analysis to show how much the following factors would have to change before the project ceased to be feasible. a. The initial cost of machinery and equipment b. Fixed costs c. Variable costs/per bottle d. Selling Price per bottle of repellent e. The residual value of the machinery and equipment

5. Write a statement to explain which of these factors is the most sensitive one.

In: Accounting

Plato Pharmaceuticals Ltd. has invested $100,000 to date in developing a new type of insect repellent....

Plato Pharmaceuticals Ltd. has invested $100,000 to date in developing a new type of insect repellent. The repellent is now ready for production and sale, and the marketing manager estimates that the product will sell 150,000 bottles a year for the first two years, 170,000 for year three and 200,000 for the next two years. The selling price of the insect repellent will be $6.00 a bottle and the variable costs are estimated to be $3.00 a bottle for Year one. For the next two years the selling price will be $6.50 with variable cost of $3.15 a bottle, and then selling price will be $7.00 after that with a variable cost of $3.55, and $3.80 per bottle. Fixed costs are expected to be $210,000 a year. The figure is made up of $160,000 additional fixed costs and $50,000 fixed costs relating to the existing business that will be apportioned to the new business. In order to produce the repellent, machinery and equipment costing $520,000 will have to be purchased immediately. The estimated residual (salvage) value of this machinery and equipment in five years’ time is $100,000. The business calculates depreciation following CCA rules. The business has a cost of capital of 12%. CCA 30% (50% rule applicable) of depreciation will be used, and taxes are paid at a rate of 40%. Required:

1. Create a cash flow statement for the project for the next 5 years

2. Calculate the net present value.

3. Calculate the internal rate of return.

4. Undertake sensitivity analysis to show how much the following factors would have to change before the project ceased to be feasible. a. The initial cost of machinery and equipment b. Fixed costs c. Variable costs/per bottle d. Selling Price per bottle of repellent e. The residual value of the machinery and equipment

5. Write a statement to explain which of these factors is the most sensitive one.

In: Finance