Dimitrova Inc. is a Lawrence, Kansas-based health care holding company. In the past the firm’s managers have used the firm's cost of capital of 14.4 percent as the discount rate to evaluate all capital spending proposals. However, the firm has long recognized that its oxidation equipment division is significantly less risky than the biotechnology innovation division. Based on an analysis of comparable firms in the oxidation equipment and biotech innovation business along with their capital structures and tax rates, Dimitrova’s managers have decided to assign equity betas to the oxidation equipment division of 1.8, and 2.3 to the biotech innovation division. Given the importance of getting the best possible discount rate to use in project analysis, the firm's CFO has asked you to prepare cost of capital estimates for each of the two divisions.

The requisite information to accomplish your task is presented below:

(i) The company’s cost of debt financing is 8.2 percent before taxes of 25 percent. However, the before-tax cost of debt assigned to the oxidation equipment division is 7.5 percent, and 11.9 percent for the biotech innovation division. These debt costs are after any flotation costs the firm would incur. Both divisions face the same tax rate as the firm overall.

(ii) Assume the risk-free rate of interest on U.S. Treasury bonds is currently 1.4 percent and the market risk premium is anticipated to be 8.5 percent.

(iii) The oxidation equipment division funds 40 percent of its capital projects with debt, whereas the biotech innovation division utilizes 25 percent borrowed funds.

(iv) The firm has sufficient internally-generated funds so that no new stock will have to be sold to raise equity financing. a. Estimate the divisional costs of capital for the oxidation equipment and biotech innovation divisions.

Classify each of the following thermodynamic systems as “open”, “closed”, or “isolated”. For “open” or “closed”, specify how matter or energy can be transferred between the system and surroundings.

(a) Root beer in an unopened can

(b) Root beer in an open can

(c) A LED lamp (off)

(d) A LED lamp (lit by an external electrical circuit)

(e) A frog.

(f) Ice, liquid water, water vapor, and air in a sealed, perfectly insulated thermos bottle

(g) The Sun.

If you were a worker member of a union involved in collective bargaining for a new labor contract with management, and the union representatives and management representatives could not agree and were at an impasse, and your union representatives held a meeting of all the workers, including you, and presented the option to the workers to go on strike, discuss all of your concerns, both pro and con, as to whether you would vote to go on strike or to not go on strike.What measures can an employer take to prepare for a possibility of a strike?What are the pros and cons a worker faces today as to whether or he/she should join a union? Discuss in some detail the options of a strike, a lockout, a work slowdown, and a contract provision for the use of arbitration.

Translocation is the collective movement of the mRNA and tRNA during translation. These steps occur in the following order:

The Coronavirus (COVID19) pandemic defined as global health crisis that consider being a great challenge since World War Two. In December 2019, the COVID19 phenomena appeared in a seafood market, Wuhan – China, while registered as a new disease officially on 7th of January 2020 (WHO, 2020)1 . Countries all over the world are battling with the spread of COVID19 through enormous amount of testing kits, mandate/by-choice quarantine of citizen and cancelling large events all over the world (WHO, 2020). Constantly, the battle against the COVID19 stressing all the resources of the countries. In other words, its pandemic goes beyond more than a global health crisis, it influence the social, educational, economic and political dimensions in the world, and creates related crisis in the future that require years to recover (UN, 2020)2 . Many of our great cities and communities are deserted as people stay indoors either by choice or government order, social life changed dramatically, shops theatres and restaurants closed during the pandemic. Assume you are a managerial accountant in a small and medium-sized perfume production company in Doha, which was established five years ago. In the current economic situation, the company is facing some financial challenges. The company's CEO held a meeting with you to discuss ways out of that crisis so that the company could survive and even compete under the current circumstances.

1. Discuss the various activities that the managerial accountant may be assigned to in the company in order to help the CEO make rational decisions under the current circumstances.

4. The catch-up effect

Consider the economies of Hermes and Gribinez, both of which produce glops of gloop using only tools and workers. Suppose that, during the course of 30 years, the level of physical capital per worker rises by 5 tools per worker in each economy, but the size of each labor force remains the same.

Complete the following tables by entering productivity (in terms of output per worker) for each economy in 2020 and 2050.

Initially, the number of tools per worker was higher in Hermes than in Gribinez. From 2020 to 2050, capital per worker rises by 5 units in each country. The 5-unit change in capital per worker causes productivity in Hermes to rise by a (larger/smaller) amount than productivity in Gribinez. This illustrates the (natural resources/human captial/catch-up/technology) effect.

1) Papaya Inc. has 100,000 common shares outstanding and has a policy of paying a $1.30 annual dividend for each of these shares. Papaya has an income tax rate of 35%, and its retained earnings statement for 2020 reported a closing balance of $1,452,000. Assuming an opening retained earnings balance of zero, dividend payments according to its usual policy, and no other adjustments, Papaya's 2020 net income was

$1,582,000.

$1,452,000.

$2,364,846.

$1,536,500.

2) For Pear Limited, events and transactions during 2018-2020 included the following. The tax rate for all items is 30%.

1. Depreciation for 2019 was found to be understated by $30,000.
2. A 2020 strike by the employees of a supplier resulted in a loss of $20,000.
3. The inventory at December 31, 2018 was overstated by $40,000.
4. A 2020 flood destroyed a building that had a book value of $400,000. Floods are very uncommon in that area.

The effect of these events and transactions on the balance of retained earnings at January 1, 2020 would be

$21,000.

$294,000.

$14,000.

$343,000.

3)

eg Inc. incurred the following infrequent losses during 2020:

A $135,000 write down of equipment leased to others (net of tax)
A $60,000 adjustment of accruals on long-term contracts (net of tax)
A $90,000 write off of obsolete inventory (net of tax)

Of those losses, what amount should be included in Meg’s 2020 income from continuing operations?

$285,000

$150,000

$195,000

$225,000

4)

On January 1, 2020, Reggae Ltd. sold land that cost $180,000 for $240,000, receiving a note bearing interest at 10 percent. The note will be paid in three annual instalments of $96,510 starting December 31, 2020. Assuming that collection of the note is very uncertain, how much revenue from this sale should Reggae recognize in 2020?

$96,510

$0

$18,000

$24,000

Anna is a young ambitious programmer working for a small company developing software for web based services in the health area, with a focus on support to remote aboriginal communities. To further her career Anna undertakes additional tertiary study, with support from her manager, Brian. This study includes topics covering computer ethics, and issues relating to the impact of ICT on different communities. On her current project, Anna develops a new user interface, which has a strong focus on accessibility for remote communities, especially considering the type of technology likely to be used. She also pays special attention to the use of cultural images in the interface, to avoid those which may be distressing or offensive to aboriginal users. The new system is a great success and Anna’s contribution is recognised by her company, through an Employee of the Month Award. The company also receives a national business award for its contribution to the positive use of ICT in aboriginal communities. Brian takes all of the credit for this, and Anna receives no acknowledgement for her efforts. Source:

ACS Case Studies 2014 Essay

Questions 1. Assess the major ethical issues in this business case.

2. How may the ACS Code of Professional Conduct assist in resolving such ethical implications? Relate to the key values and clauses of the Code of Professional Conduct.

The impact of COVID-19 in innovation and entrepreneurship (400 words)