For which one of the following observations were both Lamarck's hypothesis and Darwin's hypothesis in complete agreement?

Objective

This assignment examines the importance of the cost of quality to an organization. Through this, we will gain a better understanding of how we can measure the cost of quality in an organization and what benefits can be gained from the cost of quality.

Scenario

This is a true story that dominates the global media in 2019/20 and shook an established and trusted company to its core. More details are easily available online but the following summary was taken from Wikipedia.

The Story

Boeing is a major airline manufacturer. The introduction of it’s new Boeing 737 Max plan resulted in 346 deaths.

The Challenge

In March 2019, aviation authorities around the world grounded the Boeing 737 Max passenger aircraft after two new airplanes crashed within five months of each other, killing all 346 people aboard. After the first accident, Lion air Flight 610 on October 29, 2018, investigators determined that the MAX's new Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System  (MCAS), which was omitted from flight manuals and crew training, automatically and repeatedly forced the aircraft to nosedive.

The Response

In April 2019, Boeing admitted that MCAS played a role in both accidents. In October, the Indonesian authorities concluded that problems with airplane design, certification, maintenance, and flight crew actions contributed to the Lion Air accident. In November 2019, the FAA revoked Boeing's authority to issue airworthiness certificates for individual MAX airplanes. In December 2019, the U.S. House of Representatives criticized the FAA and Boeing for their inaction despite known risks.

in December 2019, Boeing ousted its CEO over mismanagement of the crisis. Airlines canceled 183 orders for the MAX in 2019. In January 2020, Boeing halted production until regulators clear the airliner to fly again. Boeing revealed derogatory messages between its employees, sent during certification, about the MAX design, FAA regulation, and Lion Air's request for flight simulator training. Boeing estimated the grounding and production suspension will result in an additional $6.3 billion to produce the aircraft, reducing the margin of the 737 program in the future, with $18.4 billion in total future losses arising from the grounding.

Deliverables

Analyze the above scenario using the 4 Costs of Quality given below:

• Appraisal cost
• Prevention cost
• Internal failure cost
• External failure cost

Your detailed analysis and report should reflect:

• Root cause(s) of the issue
• What should have been done to prevent the current situation?
• What was done to turn the situation around?
• How did Boeing officials manage this crisis?

Think of the snack foods you eat most often. What type of snacks does that include? For many of us, those we frequently eat are salty snacks, which include chips of various ingredients and flavours, pretzels, cheese curls, crackers, and nuts( hint: nuts are the most healthy of this bunch). Another option might be sweet snack such as cookies, candy bars, other chocolate-based snacks, and cereal bars. Behind these various snack options are some of the largest companies in the food industry including behemoths such as Frito Lay, Kellogg, Hershey, Mars, General Mills, and Nabisco among others. All of these companies utilize immense resources to implement their marketing strategies in an effort to not only gain market share from competitor but also prevent others from entering the market.

So, if the competitive environment for the market is as described above, what in the world would make a firm think it could start a totally new snack food company and be successful? Apparently Daniel Lubetzky, founder of KIND Healthy Snacks, had a different idea of what it took to be competitive in the snack food market when he decided to enter it way back in 2003. Lubetzky looked at the playing field and decided that the competition was, in fact, not impenetrable. He found an opportunity to develop a product with all natural, healthy ingredients. In fact, a mantra of his organization is to put “ nothing in the product that the typical consumer cannot pronounce.” As a result, the ingredient list is an exercise in simplicity with easy-to-understand components that promote healthfulness in everyone who eats them.

Lubetzky also found opportunity in the packaging of his products. Instead of the typical opaque packaging for snack or candy bars that prevents one from viewing the actual physical product, KIND Healthy Snack uses proprietary technology to produce clear wrappers for its snack items. Using this type of package distinguishes KIND from its competitors because it allows consumers to see what they will eat and not just assume the bar inside will look like the picture on the wrapper.

Another opportunity area for lubetzky was the trend toward consumer supporting products that have the betterment of society as part of their mission. Visit the KIND website and you will find a quote by Henry James that reads, “ Three things in human life are important: the first is to be kind; the second is to be kind; and the third is to be kind.” Lubetzky’s company operationalizes this quote by allowing users to post on their website their individual acts of kindness and the number of people impacted by those acts. In addition to giving exposure to individual acts of kindness(get it – KIND-ness), KIND itself supports one project each month with $10,000.   Whether it’s rebuilding a New Jersey firefighter’s house after Hurricane Sandy, supporting Big Brothers and Big Sisters, or working with a nonprofit agency to fly soldiers home from overseas for the holidays, KIND is working to have a social impact on the communities it serves.

Clearly, KIND has embraced the concept of “Marketing” with all of its activities, institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large. Evidence of this buy – in is the result the company has achieved. From the end of 2008 to the end of 2012, KIND’S sales went from $15 million to $120 million, an 800 percent increase in just four years. This growth occurred despite losing Starbucks as a distributor of its snack items in all of its U.S. based cafes.

By continuing to connect with its customers through its high-quality, all-natural-ingredient products; its innovative packaging; and its commitment to the betterment of society, KIND hopes to continue to dynamically grows its business well into the future.

• 1 (a) What other aspects of the American Marketing Association(AMA) definition of marketing might KIND exploit in the future to continue to grow its business and do consumers supporting brands and companies that strive to benefit society are a trend that will continue?
• (b) What other industries might be especially prone to entry by a smaller, more nimble, and more socially conscious competition and what are the prospects for a competitor being successful in those industries.

On December 31, 2020, Teal Company signed a $1,137,500 note to Flint Bank. The market interest rate at that time was 12%. The stated interest rate on the note was 10%, payable annually. The note matures in 5 years. Unfortunately, because of lower sales, Teal’s financial situation worsened. On December 31, 2022, Flint Bank determined that it was probable that the company would pay back only $682,500 of the principal at maturity. However, it was considered likely that interest would continue to be paid, based on the $1,137,500 loan.

Determine the amount of cash Teal received from the loan on December 31, 2020. (Round present value factors to 5 decimal places, e.g. 0.52513 and final answer to 0 decimal places, e.g. 5,275.)

eTextbook and Media

• eTextbook

Prepare a note amortization schedule for Flint Bank up to December 31, 2022. (Round answers to 0 decimal places, e.g. 5,275.)

eTextbook and Media

Determine the loss on impairment that Flint Bank should recognize on December 31, 2022. (Round present value factors to 5 decimal places, e.g. 0.52500 and final answer to 0 decimal places, e.g. 5,275.)

Is Chief Executive Officer (CEO) compensation aligned with the interests of all shareholders? Support your answers with the findings in the articles or journals.

Develop a list of five criteria for a CEO assuming that he or she has effective diversity management and inclusion as a strategic goal.

Please explain on the role of Schultz ‘the returning CEO’ in Starbucks revitalization. What were the initiatives that he executed during the process?

What are Disney’s biggest strategic challenges? What recommendations would you give the Disney CEO to address the challenges? Be specific.

How would you propose to evaluate a CEO for making her healthcare organization sufficiently accountable over of a period of time?

Allocating Payments and Receipts to Fixed Asset Accounts

The following payments and receipts are related to land, land improvements, and buildings acquired for use in a wholesale ceramic business. The receipts are identified by an asterisk.