Hydroxylapatite, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, found in teeth and bones within the human body, has a solubility constant of Ksp = 2.34 × 10–59, and dissociates according to Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 (s) ⇄10Ca2+ (aq) + 6 PO4 3– (aq) + 2 OH– (aq) Solid hydroxylapatite is dissolved in water to form a saturated solution.

(a) What is the pH of this saturated solution?

(b) What is the solubility of Hydroxylapatitein this solutionif [OH– ] is fixed at 5.0 × 10–8 M (optimal pH of saliva)?

(c) What is the concentration of Ca2+in the solution with pH of 2.55 (pH of common drinks)?

A historically devastating environmental event occurred in 2010. System failures in a British Petroleum (BP) oil platform in the Gulf of Mexico led to the release of significant amounts of oil into the Gulf of Mexico. The explosion of the Deepwater Horizon platform seems to be caused by faulty engineering. The spill was one of the worst environmental disasters in North American history. Eleven people were killed and it took almost three months to stop the oil flow.

Discuss how each of the human-centered and nature-centered ethical theories would interpret the moral issues involved in this case, and apply your own environmental ethic to the case.

1. As a potential worldwide pandemic, avian influenza H5N1 (commonly called the bird flu) poses a serious health risk. As of January 24, 2012, there have been 583 human cases of this virus in the world. Of these cases, 344 resulted in death.(Source: http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/en/) Consider the outcomes of these cases as a random sample of all possible outcomes.

a) Find a point estimate for the proportion of people who would die if infected with the bird flu.

b) Construct a 90% confidence interval for the proportion of cases that would be expected to result in death if a pandemic occurred. Interpret the interval.

7. How would you carry out the following analyses? Describe the necessary sample preparation steps and your choice of appropriate analytical instrumentation:

a. Simultaneous determination of Pb, Zn, Cr, and Cd in crops grown in soil treated with sewage sludge.

b. Determination of pesticide residues in apples.

c. Determination of Pb in human plasma.

d. Determination of SO₄^-2, NO₃^-, and PO₄^-3 in compost to be used for lawn fertilizer.

e. Screening for gasoline contamination around underground storage tanks.

f. A simple field test for detection of PCBs at a contaminated land site.

A 70 kg (154 lb) adult requires a calorie intake of 2,000 kcal (8,360 kJ) of food per day. The food is metabolized and the free energy is used to synthesize ATP for useful work. The efficiency of converting food energy into ATP is 50%.
1) Calculate the mass of ATP used by an adult human in 24h.

(ATP formula weight = 505 g/mol, DG'° = -30.5 kJ/mol)

2) If ATP is present at 5 mM inside cells, and if the intracellular volume corresponds to about 25% of an adult mass, how frequently is an ATP molecule hydrolyzed and rephosphorylated, on average?

Compare and contrast two genetic or developmental disorders. Discuss the treatments and advance technologies offered to assist individuals that were not available in the past years. 230-250 word discussion on this topic please avoid plagiarism please cite words, give reference this is pathophysiology class ( human disease 5th addition ) Examples cardiovas- Congenital heart failure, Atrial septal defect, ventricular spetal defect, patent ductus arteriousus, coarctation of the arota. Examples Blood - cell anemia, hemophilia, Examples Digestive- Cleft lip palate, pyloric stenosis, phenylketonuria (PKU), hirschsprung's disease.

1. What role does biology play in understanding Psychology? Students will express an understanding of how both the Evolutionary Theory; the body’s systems (e.g.  nervous, endocrine, and limbic systems); and Nature vs. Nurture along with the new theory of Epigenetics help us explain human behavior.
2. What are the particular functions of one side of the brain as compared to the other hemisphere?

         Left-side functions:                                            

     Right-side functions:

3. Describe the functions of the following parts of the brain:

        Cerebral functions:

        Cerebellar functions:

        Motor Cortex:

        Visual Cortex:

        Auditory Cortex

        Somatosensory Cortex:

        Broca’s Areas:

      Wernicke’s Areas:

        Brain Stem:

2. From a vantage point very close to the track at a stock car race, you hear the sound emitted by a moving car. You detect a frequency that is 0.852 times smaller than that emitted by the car when it is stationary. The speed of sound is 343 m/s. What is the speed of the car?

3.Hearing damage may occur when a person is exposed to a sound intensity level of 90.0 dB (relative to the threshold of human hearing) for a period of 9.00 hours. An eardrum has an area of 2.71 x 10^-4 m². How much sound energy is incident on the eardrum during this time?

From the options listed below, choose ALL correct answers. (There may be more than one.)

In the hunt to identify HTT, the disease-causing gene for Huntington’s disease (HD), it was discovered that human haplotypes A and C were highly associated with HD.

The DNA sequence variants geneticists used to detect haplotypes A and C were:

a) Extra repeats of a CAG codon located in the HTT gene

b) Single-nucleotide polymorphisms located near the HTT gene

c) Causal for Huntington’s disease

d) Not causal for Huntington’s disease

e) Located in the same chromosome region as one another