ENMA 480: ETHICS AND PHILOSOPHY FOR ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS

Cigarettes   kill   more   than   400,000   Americans   each   year,   which   is   more   than   the   combined   deaths   caused  
by   alcohol   and   drug   abuse,   car   accidents,   homicide,   suicide,   and   acquired   immunodeficiency   syndrome  
(AIDS).   Cigarette   companies   do   much   good   by   providing   jobs   (Philip   Morris   employs   more   than   150,000  
people   worldwide),   through   taxes   (more   than   $4   billion   paid   by   Philip   Morris   in   a   typical   year),   and  
through   philanthropy.   Most   new   users   of   cigarettes   in   the   United   States   are   teenagers   (younger   than  
eighteen   years   of   age).   There   is   disagreement   over   just   how   addictive   cigarettes   are,   but   adults   have  
some   choice   in   deciding   whether   to   continue   using   cigarettes,   and   they   may   choose   to   continue   using   for  
reasons   beyond   the   addictive   potential   of   nicotine.  
Can   utilitarianism   provide   a   moral   justification   for   engineers   who   work   for   tobacco   companies,   for  
example,   in   designing   cigarette- making   machinery?   In   your   answer   take   account   of   the   following   facts  
(and   others   you   may   be   aware   of).
(Roger   Roseblatt,   “How   Do   Tobacco   Executives   Live   with   Themselves?”   New   York   Times   Magazine,   March   20,   1994,   34–41,   55)

5) The economic way of thinking

A) studies facts without using theories.

B) explains how social order and cooperation emerge from the actions of individuals.

C) is free of biases and assumptions.

D) includes all of the above features.

6) Competition would probably be abolished if society could find a way to abolish

A) inequality.

B) scarcity.

C) money.

D) economists.

7) Rich and poor people have which of the following in common?

A) Scarcity

B) Economizing behavior

C) Pursuing the plans and projects in which they are interested

D) All of the above.

8) Economic theory assumes people

A) rarely act generously.

B) consistently act selfishly.

C) make choices based on a comparison of cost and benefits.

D) are fundamentally complex. Therefore, no general theory can be deduced to make sense out of the decisions and choices people make.

9) In the economic way of thinking, private property rights provide people with

A) rules of the game.

B) dependable information.

C) incentives.

D) all of the above.

10) The economic system of the United States

A) was designed by mercantilists and capitalists.

B) was designed by the framers of the U.S. constitution.

C) was designed to maximize individual freedom.

D) was the result of human intentions but not anyone's design.

A newspaper article summarized data from a survey of 1,845 recruiters and human resource professionals. The article indicated that 52% of the people surveyed had reconsidered a job candidate based on his or her social media profile. Assume that the sample is representative of the population of recruiters and human resource professionals in the United States.

(a)Use the given information to estimate the proportion of recruiters and human resource professionals who have reconsidered a job candidate based on his or her social media profile using a 95% confidence interval. (Round your answers to three decimal places.)

(_________ , _________)

(b)Give an interpretation of the confidence level of 95%.

a. Of all possible random samples, 95% would result in an interval that is centered at the actual value of the population proportion.

b. Of all possible random samples, 95% would result in an interval that includes the actual value of the population proportion.    

c. Of all possible random samples, 5% would result in an interval that lies above the actual value of the population proportion.

d. Of all possible random samples, 95% would result in an interval that lies below the actual value of the population proportion.

e. Of all possible random samples, 5% would result in an interval that includes the actual value of the population proportion.

Stan Eckhardt, aged 57, received a superannuation lump sum of $310,000 from his superannuation fund upon retirement on 15 April 2018. PAYG tax of $28,170 was withheld from the lump sum. The lump sum comprised entirely of an element taxed in the fund.

Stan also received gross wages of $85,000 up to the date of his retirement.  PAYG tax of $22,110 was withheld from Stan’s wages. Stan has adequate private health insurance.

Required:

1. Calculate Stan’s taxable income for the 2017/18 tax year.

This is the answer for part (a) which I have it right answered Below:

Computation of taxable income for 2017-2018 :

Receipt from Super Annuation fund = $310,000

Receipt from annual wages  = $85,000

Total income for the year 2017-2018= $395,000

Total taxable income for 2017-2018- $ 395,000

Note: In the United States of America Super annuation fund is not tax deductible and hence any receipt from super annuation fund is taxable in the year of receipt.

I only need help with part b

b ) Calculate Stan’s net tax payable or refundable for the 2017/18 tax year.

Mikco, a foreign corporation, owns 100% of Flagco, a domestic corporation. Mikco manufactures a wide variety of fl ags for worldwide distribution. Flagco imports Mikco’s finished goods for resale in the United States. Flagco’s average fi nancial results for the last three years are as follows:

Flagco’s CFO has decided to use the comparable profits method to assess Flagco’s exposure to an IRS transfer pricing adjustment by testing the reasonableness of Flagco’s reported operating profit of $1 million. An analysis of fi ve comparable uncontrolled U.S. distributors indicates that the ratio of operating profits to sales is the most appropriate profitability measure. After adjustments have been made to account for material differences between Flagco and the uncontrolled distributors, the average ratio of operating profit to sales for each uncontrolled distributor is as follows: 6%, 8%, 10%, 10%, and 14%.

Using this information regarding comparable uncontrolled U.S. distributors, apply the comparable profits method to assess the reasonableness of Flagco’s reported profits. In addition, if an adjustment to Flagco’s reported profits is required, compute the amount of that adjustment.

Part 1

Information for Year 1, Year 2, and Year 3 for the Andean branch of Powell Corporation is presented in the following table. The corporate tax rate in the Andean Republic changes drastically year-to-year. The U.S. corporate tax rate each year is 21%.

1. For Year 1, Year 2, and Year 3, what is the foreign tax credit allowed in the United States (fill in the table with your answer)? Show your work.
   1. $15,70, $21,000, and $21,000
   2. $11,250, $20,000, and $22,000
   3. $75,000, $100,000, and $100,000
   4. $11,250, $20,000, and $21,000
   5. $15,70, $21,000, and $22,000
      
2. For Year 2, what is the net U.S. tax liability? Show your work.
   1. $22,000
   2. $0
   3. $1,000
   4. $2,000
   5. $21,000

3. For Year 3, what is the net U.S. tax liability?   Show your work.
   1. $22,000
   2. $0
   3. $1,000
   4. $2,000
   5. $21,000

4. In Year 3, how much excess foreign tax credit can Powell carry back?
   Show your work.
   1. $22,000
   2. $0
   3. $1,000
   4. $2,000
   5. $21,000

1 If the U.S. government takes the value of in-kind transfers into consideration, the U.S. poverty rate decreases.True/False

2 If women are not allowed to own property or inherit wealth but men are, this is an example of comparative advantage.True/False

3 In his book The Other Path, de Soto suggests that countries will grow more quickly if governments limit entrepreneurship.True/False

4 In his book The Other Path, de Soto suggests that countries will grow more quickly if bureaucratic barriers to free enterprise are reduced. True/False

5 In-kind transfers include housing subsidies and food stamps. True/False

6 Lack of access to sanitation and inadequate medical care have a negative impact on the development of human capital.True/False

7 Over half of the people in the world who live in extreme poverty live in China and India combined. True/False

   8 Poverty is considered to be more permanent in the United States than it is in other nations. True/False

   9 Providing basic health care and education for poor countries is cost prohibitive. True/False

10    The U.N. has established a Millennium Poverty Goal of cutting the number of people in extreme global poverty in half by 2015.True/False

Camino Company manufactures designer to-go coffee cups. Each line of coffee cups is endorsed by a high-profile celebrity and designed with special elements selected by the celebrity. During the most recent year, Camino Company had the following operating results while operating at 85 percent (85,000 units) of its capacity:

Camino’s cost of goods sold and operating expenses are 80 percent variable and 20 percent fixed. Camino has received an offer from a professional wrestling association to design a coffee cup endorsed by its biggest star and produce 14,000 cups for $10 each (total $140,000). These cups would be sold at wrestling matches throughout the United States. Acceptance of the order would require a $42,000 endorsement fee to the wrestling star, but no other increases in fixed operating expenses.

Required:
1. Complete the incremental analysis of the special order in the table provided below.
2. Should Camino accept this special order?
3. If Camino were operating at full capacity, what price would Camino require for the special order?

1) Create a "Can I be President?" program. The program determines if the user meets the minimum requirements for becoming the President of the United States. Use user input. The rules for being president of the U.S. are:

1. Older than 35

2. Resident of US for 14 Years

3. Natural born citizen

Print True if the person could be president and False if they can't be president. 2) Alter one line of that program to be a "I can't be President?" game. Print True if the user cannot be President and False if they can be President.

print('How old are you?')
age = int(input())

if age >= 35:
print('you qualify')
else:
print('you do not qualify')

print('How long have you lived in the U.S.?')
resident = int(input())

if resident >= 14:
print('You qualify')

else:
print('You do not qualify')
  
print('Are you a born citizen?')
citizen = str(input())

if citizen == "Yes":
print('You qualify')
else:
print('You do not qualify')
  

  if age >= 35 and resident >= 14 and citizen == "Yes":
print("True")
else:
print("False")

Hello, I did the program, but does this look correct? How do I answer question 2? Feel free to edit, but please keep my variables

1) When import-competing sectors are exposed to heightened competition from abroad, what kinds of people are made worse off? (You may wish to distinguish people by age, gender, education, and minority status.) Who, if anyone, is made better off? In your answer, draw on the empirical findings discussed in class

2) China, India, and other emerging market economies are exporting increasingly sophisticated goods to the United States. (By sophisticated, ” I mean their production processes are capital-intensive and/or human capital-intensive.) Explain how this phenomenon might be interpreted using Lerner diagrams. In your answer, indicate whether you think this phenomenon spells doom for the U.S. manufacturing sector.

3) What does theory tell us about the effects of unskilled labor migration into a particular region? Specifically, discuss the intra-regional effects of this immigration on unskilled wages, product mix, and the returns to other factors (including, possibly, skilled labor, capital,and/or land). In your answer, contrast the predictions of the specific factors model with those of the Heckscher -Ohlin model, and state the assumptions you are invoking when discussing each. Finally, drawing on readings and class discussions, summarize the empirical evidence on these prediction