1. L. F. Gilbreath, the vice president of human resources for a major U.S. airline, wants to compare four programs for training employees to perform a certain task. Twenty employees are randomly assigned to the training programs, with five in each program. At the end of the training period, the number of times each employee can perform the task in a five-minutes period is recorded as follows: PROGRAM 1 PROGRAM 2 PROGRAM 3 PROGRAM 4 9 10 12 9 12 6 14 8 14 9 11 11 11 9 13 7 13 10 11 8

If L. F. conducts an analysis of variance [ANOVA] test to compare the training programs, a. State the null and alternative hypotheses associated with the test. b. If SSB = 54.95 and SST = 96.55, what is the calculated value of the associated test statistic? c. If the level of significance equals 0.05, what is the critical value of the associated test statistic? d. State your decision regarding the null hypothesis. e. State your conclusion (meaning, describe what the decision means in this problem). f. If Tukey’s HSD equals approximately 2.92, which training programs differ significantly from each other in terms of the number of times employees can perform the task in a five-minutes period, on average?

Assume that human body temperatures are normally distributed with a mean of

98.19 degrees Upper F98.19°F

and a standard deviation of

0.61 degrees Upper F0.61°F.

a. A hospital uses

100.6 degrees Upper F100.6°F

as the lowest temperature considered to be a fever. What percentage of normal and healthy persons would be considered to have a​ fever? Does this percentage suggest that a cutoff of

100.6 degrees Upper F100.6°F

is​ appropriate?

b. Physicians want to select a minimum temperature for requiring further medical tests. What should that temperature​ be, if we want only​ 5.0% of healthy people to exceed​ it? (Such a result is a false​ positive, meaning that the test result is​ positive, but the subject is not really​ sick.)

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a. The percentage of normal and healthy persons considered to have a fever is

nothing​%.

Traditional methods that forensic investigators use to determine human age require the destructive testing of bones or teeth. This presents a problem for crime scene investigators when the body of the deceased is not available.

A recently developed DNA-based blood test now enables forensic investigators with only a drop of blood for evidence to determine the age of the person who was bleeding. The test also works on dried bloodstains even those revealed by a heat-vision camera. This could help detectives reopen cases that went cold years ago.

This Excel file Blood Test for Age has data on the DNA-based blood test measurements of 321 volunteer human subjects with known ages from just under 2 to just over 96.

We would like to use a linear model to model the relationship between the blood test measurements and human age. A scatterplot of the data with the blood test measurements as the explanatory (x) variable and age as the response (y) variable indicates that a linear model is appropriate. I suggest you create your own scatterplot to verify this and to better understand the data.

Question 3. Help Holmes solve this murder mystery by calculating a 90% prediction interval for the age of the person whose blood is on the golf club (use 2 decimal places).

lower bound of prediction interval
upper bound of prediction interval

Question 4. The murdered wealthy philanthropist was 35 years old. The police chief would like to know if the golf club found by Holmes could possibly be the murder weapon. What should Holmes tell the police chief? (One submission only).

A 90% confidence interval will indicate that it is more likely that the blood on the golf club is from the murdered philanthropist.The golf club is probably not the murder weapon since it is unlikely that the blood on the golf club is from a person whose age is similar to that of the murdered philanthropist.    The golf club could be the murder weapon since there is statistically valid evidence that the blood on the golf club is from a person similar in age to the murdered philanthropist.

You are investing the function of gene X in human cells. You have two different cell types in culture. One is the hepatic cells isolated from an individual. The other is the hematopoietic stem cells isolated from the same individual. Upon quantitative reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR and Western blot analysis, you discovered that hepatic cells express higher level of gene X than hematopoietic stem cells do. Another difference you noticed were that protein X (produced from gene X) from hematopoietic stem cells is 54 kDa in size but it is 68 kDa from hepatic cells. Explain what are potential biological processes that contributed on the differential gene expression levels and different sizes of the same gene.

Life science 2 thx a lot!

1. Factors that support human migration to Mars include

A. runaway climate change

B. global pandemics

C. possible nuclear war

D. possible asteroid strikes

E. all of the above

2. A key difficulty of preparing a computer system to house human brain information is trying to emulate the signaling pathways of the nervous system.

true

false

3. Loss of bone mass during aging leads to

A. osteogenesis

B. osteosarcoma

C. osteoporosis

D. loss of connective tissue

4. Signs and symptoms of aging can be slowed by

A. eating a healthy diet

B. exercising

C. caloric restriction

D. socialization

E. all of the above

5. In order for cross-species transmission to occur

A. there must be contact between the virus and host

B. the infection needs to be amplified within the host

C. variants need to be produced in the new host that allow for transfer to other humans

D. all of the above

6. The Fermi Paradox attempts to explain the likelihood of finding intelligent life in other galaxies.

true

false

7. The most basic part of our brain is the part that controls our autonomic functions, referred to as the mammalian brain.

true

false

8. In the absence of illness, high mental competence is expected to last until approximately what age

A. 80

B. 35

C. 65

D. 50

9. Aging reduces all of the following in the circulatory system except

A. white blood cells

B. hemoglobin

C. lymphocytes

10. Progeria and Werner syndrome, which both cause premature aging, are a result of

A. genetic causes

B. environmental factors

C. epigenetics

11. Caloric restriction, exercise, and a healthy diet

A. speed up the aging process

B. slow down the aging process

C. have no effect on the aging process

12. If humans live on Mars, it is hypothesized that in the next 100,000 years, humans will develop

A. eye-shine

B. smaller nostrils

C. smaller eyes

You are investing the function of gene X in human cells. You have two different cell types in culture. One is the hepatic cells isolated from an individual. The other is the hematopoietic stem cells isolated from the same individual. Upon quantitative reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR and Western blot analysis, you discovered that hepatic cells express higher level of gene X than hematopoietic stem cells do. Another difference you noticed were that protein X (produced from gene X) from hematopoietic stem cells is 54 kDa in size but it is 68 kDa from hepatic cells. Explain what are potential biological processes that contributed on the differential gene expression levels and different sizes of the same gene.

A report recently stated that human activities are estimated to have caused approximately 1.0°C of global warming above pre-industrial levels on average, with a 66% confidence interval of 0.8°C to 1.2°C. Assume that the report relied on a sample of 100 global temperatures from 1998 to 2017 to calculate the sample average of 1.0°C (x ̅), and that the standard deviation of the population of global temperatures from 1998 to 2017 is known (σ).

a. What is the approximate distribution of X ̅? What is the standard normal critical value used to create a 66% confidence interval centered at zero?

b. That is, solve for z, where Pr⁡(-z≤Z≤z)=66%. (Note: solve for z to the nearest hundredth; do not interpolate in an effort to get a more precise answer.)

c. Using the answers to a. and b., solve for σ. Having solved for σ, what is the 95% confidence interval for the population mean of global temperatures from 1998 to 2017?

Use the modified abstract below to answer the following question: OBJECTIVES: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and M. tuberculosis co-infection is a major global challenge. It is not properly clear why some HIV-positive people are co-infected with tuberculosis (TB) while others are not. This study answered this question. METHODS: This case-control study was conducted in Tehran, Iran, in June 2004, enrolling 2388 HIV-positive people. Cases were selected from those who were co-infected with TB and controls from those without TB. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between M. tuberculosis/HIV co-infection and several predictors. RESULTS: In this study, 241 cases were compared with 2147 controls. Sex, age, marital status, educational level, imprisonment, smoking, narcotic addiction, route of HIV transmission, previous TB infection, isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT), antiretroviral therapy (ART), and CD4 count were independently associated with M. tuberculosis/HIV co-infection. However, after adjusting for all other variables in the model, only the association between M. tuberculosis/HIV co-infection and the following predictors were of importance: imprisoned (OR=3.82), previous TB infection (OR=5.54). CONCLUSIONS: Conclusions: Several predictors are associated with M. tuberculosis/HIV co-infection, but, there are only a few indicators that significantly affect the risk of M. tuberculosis/HIV co-infection. It is estimated that a number of predictors of M. tuberculosis/HIV co-infection still remain unknown and require further investigations.

Which of the following measures of effect are statistically significant? Select all that apply.