1. What are the four key environmental limitations to plant growth, considered at global-
scale?
2. What are the major environmental factors that influence decomposition rates in
ecosystems?
3. Stomata are first seen in plant fossils from about 420 million year ago (Mya). List one
advantage and one disadvantage of stomata.
4. Cuticles are first seen in plant fossils from about 450 million year ago (Mya). List one
advantage and one disadvantage of cuticles.
5. An important evolutionary advance seen in angiosperms is that vascular tissue is largely
made up of vessels rather than tracheids. Describe one key advantage and one key
disadvantage of vessels over tracheids.
6. Give two reasons why bryophytes are generally constrained to wet habitats.
7. The most central and abundant enzyme in photosynthesis is
dominant pigment is_______.
while the
8. At what time of day does dark respiration happen?
9. C4 photosynthesis relies on several enzymes, most especially the initial fixation step
which is catalysed by the enzyme called______________ .
10. Name 4 of the largest (most speciose) plant families in Australia.
11. Name one characteristic plant genus in each of these Australian vegetation types:
a. Chenopod shrubland
b. Mallee woodland
c. Mulga woodland
d. Savanna
12. What functional roles do root hairs and mycorrhizas have in common?

Case: Big Batch Crisp Company is a small business that makes & sells individual jars of cherry crisp. The company sells to grocers, coffee shops, and sandwich shops locally and in the surrounding area. They also take a limited amount of large quantity orders directly from customers. The information below pertains to the company’s budgeting process during their busiest time of year.

• The cherry crisp is sold in individual jars for $4.75 per unit (jar).

• The budgeted sales in units (jars) are as follows:

• October          50,000 units
• November      72,000 units
• December      68,000 units
• January          51,000 units
• February        58,000 units

• All sales are sold on account. The collection pattern is as follows:

• 60% of sales in the month of sale

• 40% collected in the following month

• The company aims to have jars of crisp (finished goods inventory) on hand in refrigeration at the end of each month equal to 5% of the next month’s unit sales. On September 30^th, the company had 2,500 jars on hand.

• .2 pounds of cherries are required for each jar produced. The company’s goal is to have cherries (raw material) on hand at the end of each month that is equal to 15% of the next month’s production needs. On September 30^th, the company had 1,533 pounds of cherries on hand.

• The cherries costs $2.60 per pound from a local farm. Big Batch Crisp’s payment pattern is as follows:

• 50% of the month’s purchase are paid for in the month of purchase
• 50% is paid for in the following month

• Because the crisp is made in large batches, it only requires 3 minutes (.05 hours) of labor on average to produce one jar (unit of finished good). The hourly employees are paid $17.00 an hour. Wages are paid in the month incurred.

• Variable manufacturing overhead is $1.40 per jar.

• Fixed manufacturing overhead is $9,000 per month including $6,000 in depreciation that is not a current cash outflow.

• All cash disbursements for manufacturing overhead are paid in the month incurred.

• Variable selling and administrative expenses are $0.80 per unit sold.

• Fixed selling and administrative expense is $8,000 per month including $4,500 in depreciation that is not a cash outflow of the current month.

• All cash disbursement for selling and administrative costs are paid in the month incurred.

• Big Batch Crisp Company spent $12,000 at the beginning of October (October 1^st) updating and upgrading their kitchen equipment.

• Big Batch Crisp borrowed a short term note of $150,000 on September 30^th to support 4^th quarter sales and growth activities. Interest payments of $625 are made on the last day of each month.

• Big Batch Crisp is able to repay the short term note of $150,000 on December 31^st and still keep their minimum cash balance of $200,000 on hand.

• Big Batch Crisp Company uses variable costing on its budgeted income statement and balance sheet.

Big Batch Crisp has the following balance sheet as of September 30^th, 2020:

Requirements

1. Enter your name at the top of the INPUTS tab.

2. Prepare a master budget for the quarter ended December 31^st, 2020 including: Finished Goods Inventory Cost per Unit, Sales Budget, Schedule of Expected Cash Collections, Production Budget, Raw Materials Purchases Budget, Direct Labor Budget, Manufacturing Overhead Budget, Selling & Administrative Expense Budget, Cash Budget, Budgeted Income Statement, and Budgeted Balance Sheet (total of 11 schedules.) Each schedule should be on a separate worksheet as it is laid out in your template.

There is at template provided to you in the assignments link in the Excel Project module with an input page that you must use.

Complete the shaded areas of the template only.

All of your spreadsheets must be formula driven from the input tab. This means that every cell should contain either a value referenced from the input worksheet or a formula manually entered into the cell using the referenced values or the input values.

3. Big Batch Crisp Company is interested in purchasing three new delivery vehicles in October costing approximately $65,000 total. The company prefers to pay cash for these vehicles rather than having to finance them, while still maintaining a minimum cash balance of $200,000 at all times. The existing budget does not show that they will be able to do this without making a change to sales or cost. Using Goal Seek, determine the sales price necessary to allow for the purchase of these vehicles in October.

HINT: To find Goal Seek, click on the Data tab and under Data Tools click on the What-If Analysis. After finding your answer, manually enter your answer on the Goal Seek tab and then change the sales price back to $4.75 on the INPUTS tab.

4. After comparing your file against the project rubric below, upload your completed Excel file to Canvas via the project link to submit. You may only submit once so make sure this is your final version.

*As you work, be sure to periodically check the figures below to confirm that you are on the right track!

Good luck!

Check Figures/Evaluation Rubric:

These figures will be used to grade your project.

Goal: Please answer the questions below. The main goal of this homework is to see if you can calculate the profit maximization point for this small wedding cake business. I hope that you will be able to merge your knowledge of basic accounting and microeconomic theory in order to calculate the profit maximization point, make comments about efficiency, and make logical recommendations to the firm's management to ensure their future success.

Current Situation:The local wedding cake business was very competitive during 2012. Delicious Deserts was the only wedding cake bakery in the entire county of two million people for several years. They often charged as much as $300 to $500 for each wedding cake. But a new competitor recently came into the market and started selling "discount wedding cakes" for less than $150. The quality and the taste of the discount wedding cakes were acceptable for most of their customers. Both businesses operated in a low-to moderate-income county in California where the average household income was not much higher than $40,000 per year.

The Challenge For Delicious Deserts: At first the news of a low-cost competitor was terrible news for Delicious Deserts. They had no choice. They had to charge from $300 to $500 per wedding cake to cover their high costs. However, because of this new competition, the husband and wife owners of Delicious Deserts decided to make the business more efficient and lower costs. They invested in better ovens and created better tasting cakes using special ingredients. Their customers went crazy over their new and unique 80 proof Italian Rum Wedding cake that actually got people slightly drunk if they ate more than three slices. To boost sales during 2012 they hired part-time telemarketers and social media experts. They also increased their advertising in traditional media such as local wedding magazines. They also displayed eye-catching ads in local churches, entertainment centers and jewelry stores. They also experimented with a new pricing model in which they lowered prices each quarter. Indeed, they found that as they lowered their prices, they sold more cakes. They hired an "A" student who took a microeconomics class with Professor Ed Torres to do an elasticity analysis. The student estimated that the price elasticity for wedding cakes was 1.25 (elastic) and that the income elasticity was 2.10 (a luxury good). The owners of Delicious Deserts were not aware of this information. The student told them that they made a huge pricing strategy error for many years by charging high prices on an elastic good within a low-to moderate-income county. The profit and loss statement below shows that Delicious Deserts made a Total Revenue of $275,000 and sold 1,375 wedding cakes. During 2012, they made three times (3X) more than they did versus 2011. Of course, because they invested in new ovens, made more cakes, and hired new part-time staff, the cost of doing business also rose. The net profit for 2012 was a slim $32,175. The salary for a professional desert baker averaged $70,000 per year in California.

Please examine the profit and loss statement on the next page, then answer the questions on pages 4 through 6.

Delicious Deserts, Incorporated Income Statement For The Year Ending December 31, 2012

Revenues

Gross Sales....................................................................$275,000

Less: Sales Discounts ..................................................$ 2,500

Less: Returns (Cancelled Weddings)...........................$ 2,000

Net Sales...............................................................................................$270,500

Cost of Goods Sold

Beginning Inventory (January 1).................................$ 18,000

Cost Of Ingredients To Bake Cakes............................$109,500

Total Cost of Goods For Sale......................................$127,500

Less: Ending Inventory December 31.........................$ 15,000

Costof Goods Sold..............................................................................$112,500

Gross Profit.....................................................................................................$158,000

Operating Expenses

Selling Expenses

Sales Commissions........................................$ 31,000

Advertising...................................................$ 16,000

Other Selling Expenses (Internet).................$ 18,000

Total Selling Expenses...............................................$ 65,000

General and Administrative Expenses

Professional & Office Salaries.................................$ 20,500

Utilities....................................................................$ 5,000

Office Supplies........................................................$ 1,500

Bank Interest Paid on Loans....................................$ 3,600

Insurance.................................................................$ 2,500

Rent (Fixed Cost)....................................................$ 17,000

Total General & Administrative Expense.............................$ 50,100

Total Operating Expenses..................................................$115,100

Net Profit Before Taxes..............................................................................$ 42,900

Less: Federal/State/Local Taxes................................................................$ 10,725

NET PROFIT.............................................................................................$ 32,175

Question #2: What was the Total Variable Cost of running this business?

Answer: $________________________________________

Clue: Add up Cost of Goods Sold, Total Operating Expenses (less Rent), Income Tax Expense and include the write-off losses from Sales Discounts & Wedding Cancellations.

Question #3:Assuming that Delicious Deserts sold 150 cakes during Q1, 300 cakes during Q2, 450 cakes during Q3, and 475 cakes during Q4, what was the Total Revenue during each quarter assuming the prices were: Q1 - $275 per cake, Q2 - $240 per cake, Q3 - $180 per cake and Q4 - $170 per cake?

Q1 - Total Revenue = $____________________________

Q2 - Total Revenue = $____________________________

Q3 - Total Revenue = $____________________________

Q4 - Total Revenue = $____________________________

Question #5 What is the MC=MR Profit Maximization point? What quantity should Delicious Deserts be producing at 'and' what price should they be charging to maximize their profits?

Question #6 Why isn't it a good idea for them to produce and sell as many cakes as they can? Is it more profitable to sell less cakes at this current stage of their business?

Question #7 Do you have any other recommendations for Delicious Deserts to increase their revenues, profits, market share, and client retention?

Please answer all questions, thanks

1. Money is defined by economists as:

2. The primary form of money in the modern world is:

3. Commodity money is:

4. M2 consists of:

Your company has been awarded a contract for 5-story addition on top of an existing 10-story hospital tower at a Cancer Center located in one of the most populated areas of Dallas, Texas. The existing hospital building is beyond 100% occupancy. The company was hired under a design-build contract to complete the $220 million project. Wind-load testing will be conducted. The wind-resisting system will be modified to redistribute loads on the mat foundation. High-strength concrete will be utilized for the addition's floors and columns (to reduce the load). The new mechanical level will be relocated from an upper floor to the floor just above the hospital's existing roof level. Glass fiber reinforced concrete cladding matching the original building's precast concrete façade (but at about one-quarter the weight) is specified in the design. The duration of the project is three-year.

Can you guys help me find the mechanical and electrical system hazards in this problem?!

And what would be the control strategies for them.

Question 6

Bonita Company has the following portfolio of investment securities at September 30, 2020, its most recent reporting date.

On October 10, 2020, the Horton shares were sold at a price of $56 per share. In addition, 2,750 shares of Patriot common stock were acquired at $57 per share on November 2, 2020. The December 31, 2020, fair values were Monty $104,680, Patriot $124,190, and Oakwood $184,410.

Prepare the journal entries to record the sale, purchase, and adjusting entries related to the equity securities in the last quarter of 2020. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts.)

1.If a stock is purchased for $100 per share and held one year, during which time a quarterly dividend of $1.5 is paid, each quarter, and the price climbs to $130 per share. What is the rate of return?

2.What should be the price for a common stock paying $1.35 annually in dividends if the dividend will remain constant (zero growth of dividend), indefinitely, and the expected return is 5.5%?

3.If the dividend yield for year one is expected to be 4% based on the current price of $80, what will year seven dividend (DIV₇) be if dividends grow at a constant 2%?

4.What dividend per share would be reported in the financial press for a stock that currently has 4.5% dividend yield and the most recent stock price was $75?

5.What would be the stock price today if you know you will sell the stock in 2 years from today at $55/share and you expect annual dividends $2/share in year 1 and $3/share in year 2, given the discount rate is 10%?

Waterway Window Cleaners’ monthly income statement at several levels of activity is as follows:

(a) Identify each expense as fixed, variable, or mixed.

(b) Prepare a contribution margin income statement based on a volume of 6,900 windows. (Round unit cost to 2 decimal places, e.g. 52.75 and all other answers to 0 decimal places, e.g. 5,275.)

eTextbook and Media

Scribble Incorporated is a small company in Western Maryland that manufactures pencils and pens. At the end of 2018, the company had the following inventory:

They have provided the following per unit information regarding revenue and direct material costs for the fiscal year 2019:

The company has also provided the following information related to 2019:

The process of creating pencils and pens consists of two stages. The first stage of production is preparation. During this stage, the assembly line workers prepare the graphite, wood, ink, and plastic for the second stage of production – assembly. The company has determined that direct labor hours and number of units sold (200,000 pencils and 100,000 pens) are the most accurate cost allocation bases in the preparation and assembly stages, respectively. Below is the amount of time that each product spends in the two different stages:

The end goal is to calculate the operating income!

1. What is the manufacturing overhead rate for the assembly stage?
2. Calculate the cost per unit for a pencil using actual costing.
3. Calculate the total cost for a pen using actual costing.
4. Calculate the gross profit for each pencil.
5. Calculate the gross profit for each pen.
6. Calculate the Cost of Goods Manufactured for Scribble Inc. for 2019.
7. Calculate the Cost of Goods Sold for Scribble Inc. for 2019.
8. Calculate the Gross Profit for Scribble Inc. for 2019.
9. Calculate the Operating Income for Scribble Inc. for 2019

Thank you so much!