Critics of the percentage-of-sales method of budget setting contend that this method “reverses the advertising and sales relationship” and that it “treats advertising as an expense rather than an investment.” Explain what these arguments mean and discuss their merits

Use the percentage method to compute the federal income taxes to withhold from the wages or salaries of each employee. If an amount is zero, enter "0". Round your calculations and final answers to the nearest cent. Click here to access the Table of Allowance Values. Click here to access the Percentage Method Tables. Employee No. Employee Name Marital Status No. of Withholding Allowances Gross Wage or Salary Amount to Be Withheld 1 Amoroso, A. M 5 $1,610 weekly $ 2 Finley, R. S 1 825 biweekly 3 Gluck, E. S 4 9,630 quarterly 4 Quinn, S. S 8 925 semimonthly 5 Treave, Y. S 1 2,875 monthly

Let x be a random variable that represents the percentage of successful free throws a professional basketball player makes in a season. Let y be a random variable that represents the percentage of successful field goals a professional basketball player makes in a season. A random sample of n = 6 professional basketball players gave the following information.

(A) Find a 90% confidence interval for y when x = 80. (Round your answers to one decimal place.)

(B) Use a 5% level of significance to test the claim that β > 0. (Round your answers to two decimal places.)

C. Conclusion

A. Reject the null hypothesis, there is sufficient evidence that β > 0.

B. Reject the null hypothesis, there is insufficient evidence that β > 0.    

C. Fail to reject the null hypothesis, there is insufficient evidence that β > 0.

D. Fail to reject the null hypothesis, there is sufficient evidence that β > 0.

Let x be a random variable that represents the percentage of successful free throws a professional basketball player makes in a season. Let y be a random variable that represents the percentage of successful field goals a professional basketball player makes in a season. A random sample of n = 6 professional basketball players gave the following information.

(a) Find Σx, Σy, Σx², Σy², Σxy, and r. (Round r to three decimal places.)

(b) Use a 5% level of significance to test the claim that ρ > 0. (Round your answers to two decimal places.)

Conclusion

Reject the null hypothesis, there is sufficient evidence that ρ > 0.Reject the null hypothesis, there is insufficient evidence that ρ > 0.    Fail to reject the null hypothesis, there is insufficient evidence that ρ > 0.Fail to reject the null hypothesis, there is sufficient evidence that ρ > 0.

(c) Find S_e, a, b, and x. (Round your answers to four decimal places.)

(d) Find the predicted percentage ŷ of successful field goals for a player with x = 80% successful free throws. (Round your answer to two decimal places.)
%

(e) Find a 90% confidence interval for y when x = 80. (Round your answers to one decimal place.)

(f) Use a 5% level of significance to test the claim that β > 0. (Round your answers to two decimal places.)

Conclusion

Reject the null hypothesis, there is sufficient evidence that β > 0.Reject the null hypothesis, there is insufficient evidence that β > 0.    Fail to reject the null hypothesis, there is insufficient evidence that β > 0.Fail to reject the null hypothesis, there is sufficient evidence that β > 0.

A Reader’s Digest survey on the drinking habits of Americans estimated the percentage of adults across the country who drink beer, wine, or hard liquor at least occasionally. Of the 1516 adults interviewed, 985 said that they drank. Compute the following a. b. c. d. At the e. f. g. h. i. j. Find x, n, and n-x. Find ?̂ and (1−?̂) Find and interpret the 95% confidence interval around your estimate of p. How many samples (n) would you need to have a 99% confidence interval with a margin of error of 2% 2 with no preliminary data on p? 1% significance level, do the majority of adults (more than 50%) drink at least occasionally? What is the null hypothesis? Describe it both verbally and symbolically. What is the alternative hypothesis? Describe it both verbally and symbolically. Is the hypothesis left, right or two-tailed? Compute the z-statistic. Find the p-value or critical value as appropriate. At the 1% significance level, do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the majority of adults (more than 50) drink at least occasionally? Explain your answer.

The formula we use to evaluate government debt situation is Debt as a percentage of GDP. Canada's federal debt as a percentage of GDP was about 35% in 2018. This percentage does not include any provincial debts. Please research about Ontario's debt situation and compare that with Canada. Evaluate the debt situations for both Canada and Ontario and make comments on them. If you were the policy makers, what course of actions would you recommend on the debt situations in Canada and Ontario? Why?

3.Below is the regression input and output (from Excel) for the regression in which the percentage change in the exchange rate is the dependent variable (Y) and the inflation differential (inflation rate home – inflation rate foreign) is the independent variable (X). According to the Purchasing Power Parity theory, the hypothesized coefficients (null hypothesis) in the regression are 0 (intercept coefficient) and 1 (inflation differential coefficient).   The directions for Problem Set 1 instruct you to first read sections of the Madura textbook. You will need to do this to learn how to test if a coefficient is different from 1; it will explain how you calculate the t Statistic to test your null hypothesis from the Excel output. Excel will only directly provide a t statistic for the test of whether a coefficient is different from 0.   

3a.       Is there evidence to reject the null hypothesis that the intercept coefficient is equal to 0 at the 5% level of significance? (Hint: you will need a table with the t distribution to determine the critical t.) (10 points)

3b.       Is there evidence to reject the null hypothesis that the inflation differential coefficient (Inf h – Inf f) is equal to 1 at the 5% level of significance? (Hint: you will need a table with the t distribution to determine the critical t. You will not use the t Statistic given in the Excel output, because it corresponds to the null hypothesis that the inflation differential is equal to 0.) (10 points)

3c.       Overall, is there any evidence inconsistent with the Purchasing Power Parity theory? (Hint: The answer to this questions is yes, if you can reject at least one of the two above null hypotheses.) (10 point)

10% of all college students volunteer their time. Is the percentage of college students who are volunteers smaller for students receiving financial aid? Of the 322 randomly selected students who receive financial aid, 26 of them volunteered their time. What can be concluded at the αα = 0.05 level of significance?

1. For this study, we should use Select an answer t-test for a population mean z-test for a population proportion
2. The null and alternative hypotheses would be:   

H0:H0:  ? μ p  Select an answer ≤ < ≥ ≠ > =   (please enter a decimal)   

H1:H1:  ? μ p  Select an answer < ≤ ≠ > ≥ =   (Please enter a decimal)

3. The test statistic ? z t  =  (please show your answer to 3 decimal places.)
4. The p-value =  (Please show your answer to 4 decimal places.)
5. The p-value is ? ≤ >  αα
6. Based on this, we should Select an answer fail to reject reject accept  the null hypothesis.
7. Thus, the final conclusion is that ...
   • The data suggest the population proportion is not significantly lower than 10% at αα = 0.05, so there is insufficient evidence to conclude that the percentage of financial aid recipients who volunteer is lower than 10%.
   • The data suggest the populaton proportion is significantly lower than 10% at αα = 0.05, so there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the percentage of financial aid recipients who volunteer is lower than 10%.
   • The data suggest the population proportion is not significantly lower than 10% at αα = 0.05, so there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the percentage of financial aid recipients who volunteer is equal to 10%.

How much (in percentage) of the total trade for 2019 correspond to the top three trading partners (Mexico, Canada and China) COMBINED?

2.

Adriana Corporation manufactures football equipment. In planning for next year, the managers want to understand the relation between activity and overhead costs. Discussions with the plant supervisor suggest that overhead seems to vary with labor-hours, machine-hours, or both. The following data were collected from last year's operations:

Required:

Prepare a scattergraph based on the overhead and labor-hour data.

1. Click on a point to the right of the graph.
2. Click within the graph to place the point.
3. To enter exact coordinates, click on the point and then click on the processing wheel symbol and then enter the exact coordinates in the dialog box that pops up.
4. Click OK.