Consider a closed economy where aggregate expenditure is AE = C + I + G. Government purchases (G) is a constant, which do not vary with output level (Y). Consumption (C) is an increasing function of disposable income YD: C = a + bYD. In this economy, we have lump sum tax only; YD = Y –T. Investment is an increasing function of Y: I = k + iY.

1. The equilibrium condition is Y = AE. Solve for the equilibrium Y of the economy.

2. What are the multipliers with respect to the autonomous expenditures (a, k, G) and tax (T)?

3. Solve for the equilibrium disposable income.

4. Solve for the equilibrium consumption.

5. Solve for the equilibrium investment.

6. Solve for the equilibrium private saving (the saving of households) and total saving (private saving + government saving). Is the total saving equal to investment?

7. Do the private saving and total saving vary with autonomous consumption(a) or marginal propensity to consume(b)? If it is the case, how do the private saving and total saving vary with a?

At 4:00 p.m. a closed flask of sterile broth is inoculated with 10,000 cells. The lag phase lasts 1 hour. At 9:00 p.m. the log phase culture has a population of 65 million cells. The mean generation time is approximately

• 10 minutes.

• 40 minutes.

• 20 minutes.

• 30 minutes.

The correct answer is 20 minutes, but can you please show me how to get to this answer?

Assume a closed economy without Government. However, there exists a financial sector that creates an array of financial assets on which both households and firms invest. Let ? denote the average earnings from these financial assets. The consumption expenditure of the households is influenced by their wage income and the financial income and is given by ? = ?(?, ?); ?? > 0, ?? > 0, where ??, ?? are partial derivatives of consumption with respect to income ? and financial earnings ? respectively. Similarly, the real investment expenditure of firms is given by ? = ?(?, ?); ?? > 0, ?? < 0, where ??, ?? are the partial derivatives of the real investment with respect to income and financial earnings. Note that ?? < 0 implies that the real investment falls as financial earnings for the firm rises. Either using the Keynesian cross model or the Multiplier analysis, answer the following questions. (i) Identify the “wealth effect” in this model? [2] (ii) Derive the relationship between output ? and financial earnings ?, and examine the analytical conditions under which the relationship is positive ( ?? ??>0) and negative ( ?? ?? < 0). [15] (iii) Describe why the scenario where the expansion in output driven by rise in financial earnings, i.e. when ?? ??>0, could make the economy unstable and vulnerable to crisis? [8]

A closed-end fund starts the year with a net asset value of $21 . by year-end , NAV equals $20.5 . At the beginning of the year , the fund is selling at a 3% premium to NAV. By the end of the year, the fund is selling at a 4% discount to NAV . the fund paid year-end distributions of income and capital gains of 2.50$ . what is the rate of return to an investor in the fund during the year ?

A closed loop overhead conveyor must be designed to deliver parts from a load station to an unload station. The specified flow rate of parts between the two stations is 320 parts/hr. The conveyor has carriers spaced at a center-to-center distance that is to be determined. Each carrier holds one part. Forward and return loops are each 75 m. Conveyor speed is 0.6 m/s. Minimum feasible times to load and unload parts at the respective stations is 0.16 min for each. Does the system achieve the specified flow rate? If so, what are appropriate values for the number of carriers and the spacing between carriers?

Consider a closed economy with a fixed price:
Consumption function: ? = 1+(3/4)(? − ?)
Investment function: ? = 10
Money demand function: (M/P) = ? − 2?
Tax and government spending: ? = ? = 12
Money supply: ? = 500
Where C is consumption, Y is production, I is investment, ? is real interest rate expressed in percent, ? is tax, ? is government spending, ? is money supply. The price level of this economy is fixed at 10 in the short term and there are many idle production facilities.

(a) Describe the shape of the IS curve (showing the combination of output in product market equilibrium and real interest rates). (Hint: do not derive the IS equation, describe the shape.)
(b) Find the short-term equilibrium income and real interest rate for a closed economy expressed by the above equations.
(c) The economy's policy makers are said to be debating the effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policy to boost the economy. The government considers the income level in (b) to be in a recession and intends to increase fiscal expenditure from 12 to 14 by issuing government bonds. Then, how much the equilibrium income and real interest rate changed from the initial equilibrium income and real interest rate due to the government's expansive fiscal expenditure? Show the results of this economy's expanding fiscal policy as an IS-LM graph. (Put the output on the horizontal axis and the real interest rate on the vertical axis.)
(d) The central bank considers the income level in (b) to be in a recession and wants to increase the money supply from 500 to 520. At this time, answer how much the equilibrium income and real interest rate have changed from the initial equilibrium income and real interest rate due to the central bank's expanding monetary policy. Show the outcome of this economy's expanding monetary policy on an IS-LM graph. (Put the output on the horizontal axis and the real interest rate on the vertical axis.)
(e) If the government sought advice on the effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policy in this economy, please answer which of the two policies would you recommend. And briefly describe the intuitive reason for that.

Consider a closed economy, where the marginal propensity to consume is 0:9. What would be the e§ect on private, public and national saving of a $10 million decrease in both taxes and government spending? Would the equilibrium real interest rate increase, decrease, or stay the same?

In the original eye deprivation experiments Hubel and Wiesel closed one eye of a few days old kitten. A couple of month later they measured neuronal activity in the contralateral V1. What did they find?

Group of answer choices

They found mostly monocular cells.

They found mostly ocular dominance category 2 through 6 type cells.

They found mostly binocular cells.

They found that the receptive field of V1 neurons became large and nonspecific.

They found that V1 neurons no longer responded to visual stimulus.

Dividend Yield

The market price for Macro Corporation closed at $40.54 and $34.50 on December 31, current year, and previous year, respectively. The dividends per share were $0.60 for current year and $0.69 for previous year.

a. Determine the dividend yield for Macro on December 31, current year, and previous year. Round percentages to two decimal places.

b. The dividend yield   from the previous year to the current year. This is a result of a(n)   in the dividend relative to stock price.

Five conditions are required to maintain the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in a population.
A. Closed population
B. Large population
C. Random mating
D. No net mutations
E. No natural selection
If any of these conditions is not being met, the allele frequencies in the population will change, leading to microevolution in the population.
Match each of the following scenarios to the Hardy–Weinberg condition that is not being met:

                       An increase in antibiotic resistance among bacteria exposed to antibiotics occurs.

                       Caribou from one herd move to a new area and breed with caribou of a completely different herd.

                       Among eastern bluebirds, more brightly coloured males breed with more brightly coloured females.

                       Due to overhunting, there is little genetic diversity in the current population of bearded vultures, which have all descended from a population of only 36 birds.