To better understand the financial burden students are faced with each term, the statistics department would like to know how much their ST201 students are spending on school materials on average. Let’s use our class data to calculate a 95% confidence interval to estimate the average amount ST201 students spend on materials each term.

The average from our student survey is $248 and the number of students sampled is 90.

Assume ? = $220.
State the question of interest.

On average, how much do ST201 students spend on school materials each term?

1. (1 point) Identify the parameter.

2. Check the conditions.

a. (2 points) Does the data come from a random sample? What are some potential biases about the way the data was collected?

b. (1 point) Is the sample size large enough for distribution of the sample mean to be normal according to the rules for Central Limit Theorem?

c. (3 points) Set up and calculate the confidence interval. Show work! ∗σ

Our estimate, x̅ = _______ z critical value = _______ Standard error, √n = __________

d. (3 points) Return to the question of interest and describe your results in this setting. Be sure to include level of confidence used, your point and interval estimates and context!

Using software with the given​ data, find and interpret the multiple correlation and Upper R squared for the relationship between yequalscollege ​GPA, x 1equalshigh school​ GPA, and x 2equalsstudy time. Use both interpretations of Upper R squared as the reduction in prediction error and the percentage of the variability explained.

CGPA;HSGPA;Study Time
3.31;3.90;6
3.12;3.80;2
3.62;3.02;4
3.53;3.91;3
3.48;3.58;5
3.76;3.21;3
3.50;3.79;3
2.79;3.17;7
2.88;3.52;5
3.26;3.79;5
3.55;3.89;5
3.48;3.81;6
3.96;3.99;10
2.59;3.30;4
3.50;3.67;10
3.96;3.88;3
3.75;3.48;3
3.66;3.93;3
3.76;4.00;5
3.91;3.51;3
3.10;3.77;2
3.14;3.90;7
3.79;3.50;7
3.68;3.79;4
3.85;3.98;3
3.29;3.48;4
3.12;2.55;11
2.97;3.82;5
4.00;3.99;7
3.79;4.00;5
3.98;4.00;3
3.51;3.80;7
3.98;3.98;5
3.76;3.98;7
3.92;3.98;4
3.80;3.99;2
3.81;3.97;3
3.87;3.85;5
3.89;3.97;10
3.91;3.99;2
3.94;3.88;11
3.99;3.99;5
3.70;3.98;4
3.74;3.99;3
3.96;3.97;4
3.83;3.98;4
3.75;3.98;4
3.93;3.99;5
3.75;3.97;15
3.66;3.70;5
3.82;3.75;4
4.00;3.92;4
3.21;3.91;5
3.58;3.87;6
3.72;3.97;6
3.75;3.94;3
3.80;3.98;3
3.71;3.99;2
2.51;3.59;2

A) Identify the value of R^2​, as a​ decimal, from the output. Find the positive square root of R^2.

B) Find and interpret the multiple correlation and R^2 for the relationship between

y=college GPA, x1=high school​ GPA, and x2=study time. Use both interpretations of R^2

as the reduction in prediction error and the percentage of the variability explained.

The Gourmand Cooking School runs short cooking courses at its small campus. Management has identified two cost drivers it uses in its budgeting and performance reports—the number of courses and the total number of students. For example, the school might run two courses in a month and have a total of 60 students enrolled in those two courses. Data concerning the company’s cost formulas appear below:

For example, administrative expenses should be $3,500 per month plus $45 per course plus $5 per student. The company’s sales should average $900 per student.

The company planned to run four courses with a total of 60 students; however, it actually ran four courses with a total of only 54 students. The actual operating results for September were as follows:

One of the authors came across an article (USA Today, 2008) that said that on average Americans have visited 16 states in the United States. In a survey of 50 students in her introductory statistics class, she found the average number of states the students had visited to be 9.48 and the standard deviation to be 7.13. The data were not strongly skewed.​

1. Identify the observational unit for this study.

a. students

b. Americans

c. number of states

2. Identify the variable of interest and whether it is categorical or quantitative.

a. number of U.S. states visited, categorial

b. number of students, quantitative

c. number of students, categorial

d. number of U.S. states visited, quantitative

3. Regardless of your answer to part (c), state the null and the alternative hypotheses in symbols, to test whether the average number of states all students at the author’s school have visited is different from 16.

a. H0: mu = 16, Ha: mu ≠ 16

b. H0: mu = 16, Ha: mu > 16

c. H0: mu = 16, Ha: mu < 16

4. Using the 2SD approach to find a 95% confidence interval for the average number of states all students at the author’s school have visited. Round to two decimal places

Java Input, Output and for-loop function.

Practice01) Write-an average SCORE application called TestScores01 This project reads in a list of integers as SCOREs, one per line, until a sentinel value of -1. After user type in -1, the application should print out how many SCOREs are typed in, what is the max SCORE, the 2^nd max SCORE, and the min SCORE, the average SCORE after removing the max and min SCORE.

When SCORE >= 90, the school will give this student scholarship.

Count how many scholarships the school will give and print it our in your results.

(hint, you can add all SCOREs to a total first, then when you need the average SCORE without min and max score, you can use the total - (min + max), then divided it by the (number of inputs minus two)

Please enter test scores:

? 90

? 45

? 99

? 68

? 80

?-1

Result:

There are total 4 SCORES

The min SCORE is 45

The max SCORE is 99

The 2^nd min SCORE is 68

The 2^nd max SCORE is 90

The average SCORE after removing max/min SCORE is: 80

Total 2 scholarships will be given

The table below summarizes baseline characteristics of patients participating in a clinical trial. a) Are there any statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics between treatment groups? Justify your answer.

b) Write the hypotheses and the test statistic used to compare ages between groups. (No calculations – just H0, H1 and form of the test statistic).

c) Write the hypotheses and the test statistic used to compare % females between groups. (No calculations – just H0, H1 and form of the test statistic).

d) Write the hypotheses and the test statistic used to compare % females between groups. (No calculations – just H0, H1 and form of the test statistic.) Characteristic Placebo (n = 125) Experimental ( n =125) P Mean (+ SD) Age 54 + 4.5 53 + 4.9 0.7856 % Female 39% 52% 0.0289 % Less than High School Education 24% 22% 0.0986 % Completing High School 37% 36% % Completing Some College 39% 42% Mean (+ SD) Systolic Blood Pressure 136 + 13.8 134 + 12.4 0.4736 Mean (+ SD) Total Cholesterol 214 + 24.9 210 + 23.1 0.8954 % Current Smokers 17% 15% 0.5741 % with Diabetes 8% 3% 0.0438

If you have a chance please answer as many as possible, thank you and I really appreciate your help experts!

Question 16 2 pts

In a hypothesis test, the claim is μ≤28 while the sample of 29 has a mean of 41 and a standard deviation of 5.9. In this hypothesis test, would a z test statistic be used or a t test statistic and why?

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Question 17 2 pts

A university claims that the mean time professors are in their offices for students is at least 6.5 hours each week. A random sample of eight professors finds that the mean time in their offices is 6.2 hours each week. With a population standard deviation of 0.49 hours, can the university’s claim be supported at α=0.05?

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Question 18 2 pts

A credit reporting agency claims that the mean credit card debt in a town is greater than $3500. A random sample of the credit card debt of 20 residents in that town has a mean credit card debt of $3619 and a standard deviation of $391. At α=0.10, can the credit agency’s claim be supported?

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Question 19 2 pts

A car company claims that its cars achieve an average gas mileage of at least 26 miles per gallon. A random sample of eight cars from this company have an average gas mileage of 25.6 miles per gallon and a standard deviation of 1 mile per gallon. At α=0.06, can the company’s claim be supported?

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Question 20 2 pts

A researcher wants to determine if extra homework problems help 8^th
grade students learn algebra. One 8^th grade class has extra homework problems and another 8^th grade class does not. After 2 weeks, the both classes take an algebra test and the results of the two groups are compared. To be a valid matched pair test, what should the researcher consider in creating the two groups?

Do you Agree or Disagree to the discussion of the Bernie Madoff Accounting Scandal? Explain your thoughts and add any new findings”

Accounting Scandal: Bernie Madoff a wall street investment firm founded by Madoff and his accountant David Friehling and Frank Dipascalli. The company tricked investors out of $64.8 billion through the most extensive Ponzi scheme ever buy promising them above market, and steady returns that never existed. The most damage of the Madoff scheme seems to focus on the small world of Jewish philanthropy, where he was a leading figure. The North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System said it was scheme out of $5 million. The Julian J. Levitt Foundation, based in Texas lost about $ 6 million and the Yeshiva University, a New York institution where Madoff served on the board lost $19 million. This scam ran for over five decades from early 1960 to late 1990. The crash caused several Madoff investors to lose everything forcing some of them to go homeless, live in their cars and RV’s.  

Illegal act/ Unethical act: The investors were paid returns out of their own money or that of other investors than profit, and by doing this the investors were not aware of the illegal activity taking place with their investments. The list of investors that Madoff scheme was not your average person, but prominent peoples such as Steven Spielberg, actor Kevin Bacon, and owners of the New York Mets. There were banks and pension funds that were also schemed by Madoff and his followers. The company made its trades and held the shares it bought and kept its illegal activities hidden from view. The thousands of investors and numerous organization that had invested with Madoff firm directly or indirectly spent the early part of 2009 assessing theirs loses.

Detection: The way that Bernie Madoff got caught he told his sons Mark and Andrew about his scheme months after the 2008 U.S. market collapse. Madoff sons reported him to the SEC. The SEC said that they would have to testify against their father if the investigation goes to trial.

Detection that could have found earlier: The SEC had been investigating Madoff and his securities firm on and off since 1999 a fact that did not go well with the investors that lost their life savings. They felt that if the SEC had warned them of Madoff illegal activities before his arrest and conviction, this would have prevented the scam from going on for so many years.

Penalties: Bernie Madoff pleaded guilty to defrauding his client out of their life-saving in one of the world most massive Ponzi scheme, and for his part, Madoff received 150 years in a maximum-security prison for his crime and had to pay $170 billion restitution and his co-conspirator Friehling and D received light prison time as well. The FBI continued to pursue suspects that may have a hand in the Madoff scheme, including some members of Madoff family. Madoff insisted that his sons had nothing to do with the Ponzi scheme.

C++ Data Structures:

Use Huffman coding to encode text in given file (Pride_and_Prejudice.txt).

TO_DO:

Define a struct for Huffman tree node. This struct contains links to left/right child nodes, a character, and its frequency.Define a function for file reading operation. This function should take in a filename (string type) as parameter and return a proper data structure object that contains characters and their frequencies that will be used to generate Huffman tree nodes.The construction of Huffman tree requires taking two nodes with smallest frequencies. Select a proper data structure to support this operation. Note this data structure object could be different to the object from step 2.

Design a function that takes in the root of Huffman coding tree, prints, and returns the encoding scheme in a data structure object.Design a function that takes in the encoding scheme and filename (string type), output encoded content (bit-string) to a file named pride.huff

Pride_and_Prejudice.txt:

Chapter 1

It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighbourhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters. “My dear Mr. Bennet,” said his lady to him one day, “have you heard that Netherfield Park is let at last?” Mr. Bennet replied that he had not. “But it is,” returned she; “for Mrs. Long has just been here, and she told me all about it.” Mr. Bennet made no answer. “Do you not want to know who has taken it?” cried his wife impatiently. “You want to tell me, and I have no objection to hearing it.” This was invitation enough. “Why, my dear, you must know, Mrs. Long says that Netherfield is taken by a young man of large fortune from the north of England; that he came down on Monday in a chaise and four to see the place, and was so much delighted with it, that he agreed with Mr. Morris immediately; that he is to take possession before Michaelmas, and some of his servants are to be in the house by the end of next week.” “What is his name?” “Bingley.” “Is he married or single?” “Oh! Single, my dear, to be sure! A single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls!” “How so? How can it affect them?” “My dear Mr. Bennet,” replied his wife, “how can you be so tiresome! You must know that I am thinking of his marrying one of them.” “Is that his design in settling here?” “Design! Nonsense, how can you talk so! But it is very likely that he may fall in love with one of them, and therefore you must visit him as soon as he comes.” “I see no occasion for that. You and the girls may go, or you may send them by themselves, which perhaps will be still better, for as you are as handsome as any of them, Mr. Bingley may like you the best of the party.” “My dear, you flatter me. I certainly have had my share of beauty, but I do not pretend to be anything extraordinary now. When a woman has five grown-up daughters, she ought to give over thinking of her own beauty.” “In such cases, a woman has not often much beauty to think of.” “But, my dear, you must indeed go and see Mr. Bingley when he comes into the neighbourhood.” “It is more than I engage for, I assure you.” “But consider your daughters. Only think what an establishment it would be for one of them. Sir William and Lady Lucas are determined to go, merely on that account, for in general, you know, they visit no newcomers. Indeed you must go, for it will be impossible for us to visit him if you do not.” “You are over-scrupulous, surely. I dare say Mr. Bingley will be very glad to see you; and I will send a few lines by you to assure him of my hearty consent to his marrying whichever he chooses of the girls; though I must throw in a good word for my little Lizzy.” “I desire you will do no such thing. Lizzy is not a bit better than the others; and I am sure she is not half so handsome as Jane, nor half so good-humoured as Lydia. But you are always giving her the preference.” “They have none of them much to recommend them,” replied he; “they are all silly and ignorant like other girls; but Lizzy has something more of quickness than her sisters.” “Mr. Bennet, how can you abuse your own children in such a way? You take delight in vexing me. You have no compassion for my poor nerves.” “You mistake me, my dear. I have a high respect for your nerves. They are my old friends. I have heard you mention them with consideration these last twenty years at least.” “Ah, you do not know what I suffer.” “But I hope you will get over it, and live to see many young men of four thousand a year come into the neighbourhood.” “It will be no use to us, if twenty such should come, since you will not visit them.” “Depend upon it, my dear, that when there are twenty, I will visit them all.” Mr. Bennet was so odd a mixture of quick parts, sarcastic humour, reserve, and caprice, that the experience of three-and-twenty years had been insufficient to make his wife understand his character. Her mind was less difficult to develop. She was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper. When she was discontented, she fancied herself nervous. The business of her life was to get her daughters married; its solace was visiting and news. Chapter 2 Mr. Bennet was among the earliest of those who waited on Mr. Bingley. He had always intended to visit him, though to the last always assuring his wife that he should not go; and till the evening after the visit was paid she had no knowledge of it. It was then disclosed in the following manner. Observing his second daughter employed in trimming a hat, he suddenly addressed her with: “I hope Mr. Bingley will like it, Lizzy.” “We are not in a way to know what Mr. Bingley likes,” said her mother resentfully, “since we are not to visit.” “But you forget, mamma,” said Elizabeth, “that we shall meet him at the assemblies, and that Mrs. Long promised to introduce him.” “I do not believe Mrs. Long will do any such thing. She has two nieces of her own. She is a selfish, hypocritical woman, and I have no opinion of her.” “No more have I,” said Mr. Bennet; “and I am glad to find that you do not depend on her serving you.” Mrs. Bennet deigned not to make any reply, but, unable to contain herself, began scolding one of her daughters. “Don’t keep coughing so, Kitty, for Heaven’s sake! Have a little compassion on my nerves. You tear them to pieces.” “Kitty has no discretion in her coughs,” said her father; “she times them ill.” “I do not cough for my own amusement,” replied Kitty fretfully. “When is your next ball to be, Lizzy?” “To-morrow fortnight.” “Aye, so it is,” cried her mother, “and Mrs. Long does not come back till the day before; so it will be impossible for her to introduce him, for she will not know him herself.” “Then, my dear, you may have the advantage of your friend, and introduce Mr. Bingley to her.” “Impossible, Mr. Bennet, impossible, when I am not acquainted with him myself; how can you be so teasing?” “I honour your circumspection. A fortnight’s acquaintance is certainly very little. One cannot know what a man really is by the end of a fortnight. But if we do not venture somebody else will; and after all, Mrs. Long and her nieces must stand their chance; and, therefore, as she will think it an act of kindness, if you decline the office, I will take it on myself.” The girls stared at their father. Mrs. Bennet said only, “Nonsense, nonsense!” “What can be the meaning of that emphatic exclamation?” cried he. “Do you consider the forms of introduction, and the stress that is laid on them, as nonsense? I cannot quite agree with you there. What say you, Mary? For you are a young lady of deep reflection, I know, and read great books and make extracts.” Mary wished to say something sensible, but knew not how. “While Mary is adjusting her ideas,” he continued, “let us return to Mr. Bingley.” “I am sick of Mr. Bingley,” cried his wife. “I am sorry to hear that; but why did not you tell me that before? If I had known as much this morning I certainly would not have called on him. It is very unlucky; but as I have actually paid the visit, we cannot escape the acquaintance now.” The astonishment of the ladies was just what he wished; that of Mrs. Bennet perhaps surpassing the rest; though, when the first tumult of joy was over, she began to declare that it was what she had expected all the while. “How good it was in you, my dear Mr. Bennet! But I knew I should persuade you at last. I was sure you loved your girls too well to neglect such an acquaintance. Well, how pleased I am! and it is such a good joke, too, that you should have gone this morning and never said a word about it till now.” “Now, Kitty, you may cough as much as you choose,” said Mr. Bennet; and, as he spoke, he left the room, fatigued with the raptures of his wife. “What an excellent father you have, girls!” said she, when the door was shut. “I do not know how you will ever make him amends for his kindness; or me, either, for that matter. At our time of life it is not so pleasant, I can tell you, to be making new acquaintances every day; but for your sakes, we would do anything. Lydia, my love, though you are the youngest, I dare say Mr. Bingley will dance with you at the next ball.” “Oh!” said Lydia stoutly, “I am not afraid; for though I am the youngest, I’m the tallest.” The rest of the evening was spent in conjecturing how soon he would return Mr. Bennet’s visit, and determining when they should ask him to dinner. Chapter 3 Not all that Mrs. Bennet, however, with the assistance of her five daughters, could ask on the subject, was sufficient to draw from her husband any satisfactory description of Mr. Bingley. They attacked him in various ways—with barefaced questions, ingenious suppositions, and distant surmises; but he eluded the skill of them all, and they were at last obliged to accept the second-hand intelligence of their neighbour, Lady Lucas. Her report was highly favourable. Sir William had been delighted with him. He was quite young, wonderfully handsome, extremely agreeable, and, to crown the whole, he meant to be at the next assembly with a large party. Nothing could be more delightful! To be fond of dancing was a certain step towards falling in love; and very lively hopes of Mr. Bingley’s heart were entertained. “If I can but see one of my daughters happily settled at Netherfield,” said Mrs. Bennet to her husband, “and all the others equally well married, I shall have nothing to wish for.” In a few days Mr. Bingley returned Mr. Bennet’s visit, and sat about ten minutes with him in his library. He had entertained hopes of being admitted to a sight of the young ladies, of whose beauty he had heard much; but he saw only the father. The ladies were somewhat more fortunate, for they had the advantage of ascertaining from an upper window that he wore a blue coat, and rode a black horse. An invitation to dinner was soon afterwards dispatched; and already had Mrs. Bennet planned the courses that were to do credit to her housekeeping, when an answer arrived which deferred it all. Mr. Bingley was obliged to be in town the following day, and, consequently, unable to accept the honour of their invitation, etc. Mrs. Bennet was quite disconcerted. She could not imagine what business he could have in town so soon after his arrival in Hertfordshire; and she began to fear that he might be always flying about from one place to another, and never settled at Netherfield as he ought to be. Lady Lucas quieted her fears a little by starting the idea of his being gone to London only to get a large party for the ball; and a report soon followed that Mr. Bingley was to bring twelve ladies and seven gentlemen with him to the assembly. The girls grieved over such a number of ladies, but were comforted the day before the ball by hearing, that instead of twelve he brought only six with him from London—his five sisters and a cousin. And when the party entered the assembly room it consisted of only five altogether—Mr. Bingley, his two sisters, the husband of the eldest, and another young man. Mr. Bingley was good-looking and gentlemanlike; he had a pleasant countenance, and easy, unaffected manners. His sisters were fine women, with an air of decided fashion. His brother-in-law, Mr. Hurst, merely looked the gentleman; but his friend Mr. Darcy soon drew the attention of the room by his fine, tall person, handsome features, noble mien, and the report which was in general circulation within five minutes after his entrance, of his having ten thousand a year. The gentlemen pronounced him to be a fine figure of a man, the ladies declared he was much handsomer than Mr. Bingley, and he was looked at with great admiration for about half the evening, till his manners gave a disgust which turned the tide of his popularity; for he was discovered to be proud; to be above his company, and above being pleased; and not all his large estate in Derbyshire could then save him from having a most forbidding, disagreeable countenance, and being unworthy to be compared with his friend. Mr. Bingley had soon made himself acquainted with all the principal people in the room; he was lively and unreserved, danced every dance, was angry that the ball closed so early, and talked of giving one himself at Netherfield. Such amiable qualities must speak for themselves. What a contrast between him and his friend! Mr. Darcy danced only once with Mrs. Hurst and once with Miss Bingley, declined being introduced to any other lady, and spent the rest of the evening in walking about the room, speaking occasionally to one of his own party. His character was decided. He was the proudest, most disagreeable man in the world, and everybody hoped that he would never come there again. Amongst the most violent against him was Mrs. Bennet, whose dislike of his general behaviour was sharpened into particular resentment by his having slighted one of her daughters. Elizabeth Bennet had been obliged, by the scarcity of gentlemen, to sit down for two dances; and during part of that time, Mr. Darcy had been standing near enough for her to hear a conversation between him and Mr. Bingley, who came from the dance for a few minutes, to press his friend to join it. “Come, Darcy,” said he, “I must have you dance. I hate to see you standing about by yourself in this stupid manner. You had much better dance.” “I certainly shall not. You know how I detest it, unless I am particularly acquainted with my partner. At such an assembly as this it would be insupportable. Your sisters are engaged, and there is not another woman in the room whom it would not be a punishment to me to stand up with.” “I would not be so fastidious as you are,” cried Mr. Bingley, “for a kingdom! Upon my honour, I never met with so many pleasant girls in my life as I have this evening; and there are several of them you see uncommonly pretty.” “You are dancing with the only handsome girl in the room,” said Mr. Darcy, looking at the eldest Miss Bennet. “Oh! She is the most beautiful creature I ever beheld! But there is one of her sisters sitting down just behind you, who is very pretty, and I dare say very agreeable. Do let me ask my partner to introduce you.” “Which do you mean?” and turning round he looked for a moment at Elizabeth, till catching her eye, he withdrew his own and coldly said: “She is tolerable, but not handsome enough to tempt me; I am in no humour at present to give consequence to young ladies who are slighted by other men. You had better return to your partner and enjoy her smiles, for you are wasting your time with me.” Mr. Bingley followed his advice. Mr. Darcy walked off; and Elizabeth remained with no very cordial feelings toward him. She told the story, however, with great spirit among her friends; for she had a lively, playful disposition, which delighted in anything ridiculous. The evening altogether passed off pleasantly to the whole family. Mrs. Bennet had seen her eldest daughter much admired by the Netherfield party. Mr. Bingley had danced with her twice, and she had been distinguished by his sisters. Jane was as much gratified by this as her mother could be, though in a quieter way. Elizabeth felt Jane’s pleasure. Mary had heard herself mentioned to Miss Bingley as the most accomplished girl in the neighbourhood; and Catherine and Lydia had been fortunate enough never to be without partners, which was all that they had yet learnt to care for at a ball. They returned, therefore, in good spirits to Longbourn, the village where they lived, and of which they were the principal inhabitants. They found Mr. Bennet still up. With a book he was regardless of time; and on the present occasion he had a good deal of curiosity as to the event of an evening which had raised such splendid expectations. He had rather hoped that his wife’s views on the stranger would be disappointed; but he soon found out that he had a different story to hear. “Oh, my dear Mr. Bennet,” as she entered the room, “we have had a most delightful evening, a most excellent ball. I wish you had been there. Jane was so admired, nothing could be like it. Everybody said how well she looked; and Mr. Bingley thought her quite beautiful, and danced with her twice! Only think of that, my dear; he actually danced with her twice! and she was the only creature in the room that he asked a second time. First of all, he asked Miss Lucas. I was so vexed to see him stand up with her! But, however, he did not admire her at all; indeed, nobody can, you know; and he seemed quite struck with Jane as she was going down the dance. So he inquired who she was, and got introduced, and asked her for the two next. Then the two third he danced with Miss King, and the two fourth with Maria Lucas, and the two fifth with Jane again, and the two sixth with Lizzy, and the Boulanger—” “If he had had any compassion for me,” cried her husband impatiently, “he would not have danced half so much! For God’s sake, say no more of his partners. Oh that he had sprained his ankle in the first dance!” “Oh! my dear, I am quite delighted with him. He is so excessively handsome! And his sisters are charming women. I never in my life saw anything more elegant than their dresses. I dare say the lace upon Mrs. Hurst’s gown—” Here she was interrupted again. Mr. Bennet protested against any description of finery. She was therefore obliged to seek another branch of the subject, and related, with much bitterness of spirit and some exaggeration, the shocking rudeness of Mr. Darcy. “But I can assure you,” she added, “that Lizzy does not lose much by not suiting his fancy; for he is a most disagreeable, horrid man, not at all worth pleasing. So high and so conceited that there was no enduring him! He walked here, and he walked there, fancying himself so very great! Not handsome enough to dance with! I wish you had been there, my dear, to have given him one of your set-downs. I quite detest the man.”

You are Joe Campbell, oldest son in the Campbell and Lessing families. You have been an

integral part of running the family business for ten years. Your dad and mom, James and Sue, rely

on you to run the cattle operation – which is a cash cow (you love that joke) for the family business.

The cow?calf operation brings in around $70,000 per year for 150 head of cattle and 1500 head of

stocker cattle. Realistically you think that you could increase the profit of this operation to

$100,000 per year, but you don’t want to work any more than you already are. There are other

things that you have going on, so why mess up your comfortable life.

In addition to the Campbell ranch, your mom’s family was also involved in farming in the

Perryton area. In fact, your mom, Sue Lessing Campbell, and her brother Bob, own much of the

surrounding farm area. The Lessing farm has been in the family for over 100 years and Bob and Sue

have a Texas Heritage Farm designation, for family farms that have been in operation for over 100

years. Bob is farming some of the Lessing land. Bob is the older brother by fourteen years, and

inherited the better sections of the Lessing farm. Bob’s four?plus sections (of 640 acres each, plus

some extraneous parcels) have access to water and are irrigated. Bob’s wife Alma passed away

suddenly three years ago. Your Uncle Bob relies on you for income as well. If you weren’t running

the cattle, your dad would have to do it, and Bob wouldn’t be able to rely on your dad to help him

out with the farming.

Bob doesn’t have any kids, and he’s pretty old. He’s likely to die soon, and when he does you’re

sure that his land will get added to the family farm. Since you’re the oldest it’s pretty likely that you

will get most of the farm, if not all of it when your father James dies. Particularly since your little

brother, Andy, has been gone for the past eight years. Hopefully your mom will still be alive, she

does the books. You were never interested in the books (too boring and confusing), so you would be

happy if Sue could continue in that role. It would be nice if Sue could teach your wife, Sara, to do the

books, so when Sue quits doing it you wouldn’t have to do it.

James and Sue have been really good to you. In fact, they built a house for you and your family

close to their house on some of the Campbell land. Maybe a little too close. You love your parents,

but you don’t really like them meddling in your business. But it will keep Sara happy. She gets mad

when you have to go away on your “business trips” to Oklahoma. But who can blame you? Perryton

is boring. So you spend some time in the Lucky Star Casino? Big deal. It’s not like the kids go hungry.

And the people there are more interesting than the people in Perryton. But now that Sara is out of

that stinking old doublewide and close to James and Sue to keep her busy, it will make your life

easier. On the whole James and Sue treat you well. On top of the house you get $3000 per month for

running the cattle operation. It’s nice to have a salary instead of being tied to profits on the farm.

Some years the crops don’t look too good and you don’t want to make less money because your dad

is old?school and won’t invest in irrigation and other new farming techniques. You are certain that

the farm has struggled in the past. You get your salary, and he has to suffer. You wish the farm was

doing better because you need a new pickup truck. You always have the oldest junk to drive around.

If James weren’t so cheap, you could have a new truck. At least your mom understands that you

work hard for the farm. Because you have to travel to meet with breeders and buyers for the cattle you spend a bunch of time away from the farm, in Oklahoma mostly. This gets expensive, so Sue

gives you $500 a month in cash under the table. No one knows about it except you and Sue. You

don’t even tell Sara.

Your little brother, Andy, is coming this weekend for your mom’s birthday. He’s an okay kid. He

went to college ? twice, once at Texas Tech, and he’s at Texas A&M right now. He had a big city job in

Dallas, but had to give it up to go back to school. It doesn’t seem like he makes good decisions. Why

would he give up that money to go to more school? At least he made a good choice in his wife.

Charlene is a good woman and comes from a good family. Your dad has asked that the three of you

meet while Andy is in town. He wants Andy to come back and work on the farm, but you doubt that

he would be willing to work in a small operation after living in Dallas. You don’t know how much he

made in Dallas, but you know he doesn’t make anything right now, since he is in school. Charlene is

waiting tables; she probably doesn’t make much doing that. You know that Charlene’s parents have

lots of money, so maybe they are supporting your brother and sister?in?law. They might have

enough money that coming back to Perryton would be a good thing. Maybe they could even buy you

out. If you had a lump sum of money to live off of, you would quit the farm today. You could still live

in Perryton. Everyone knows you here, and most of your high school football records still stand to

this day. In fact, you are a legend in Perryton. But if Andy wants to come back and work for your

dad, that’s great. He’s a good worker, and more hands makes for less work that each person has to

do.

You certainly hope that Andy doesn’t think he’s going to be in charge. Your father has been the

CEO, President, top farm hand, chief planter, and king of the harvest since you were a child. Even

when Uncle Bob was involved in the operation more actively he always deferred many of the

decisions to your dad. Andy has made some suspicious comments on different occasions when he

has been home. He is always talking about how productivity could be increased if he were running

things. Well, that’s not going to happen. You are the oldest and if anyone is going to run things, you

are. But if you are completely honest with yourself, you don’t want things to change much now. You

are happy with James running the operation for the next ten years and then passing it to you to run

when he’s ready to retire.

At some point in the future you would like to be in charge. But you know James, he will likely

make it a joint deal. Since you have a good knowledge about the cow?calf operation, and Andy

should be very knowledgeable about the crops after all that school, he will probably want you two

to share control if Andy comes back. You know that the two of you haven’t always agreed in the

past, but for the good of the family farm you might put differences aside. You are brothers after all.

If you have to, you would accept a joint leadership position in ten years, shared equally. That said,

another option could be to split control of the crop operation and the cattle operation.

Unfortunately, the farm shares some equipment and splitting the operation would lead to conflicts,

and some costly coordination efforts. These would have to be discussed, but it shouldn’t be a

problem as long as Andy is reasonable about using your equipment.

Your most important issue however is compensation. If Andy does come back to the farm, he

better not make more money than you do. You are the oldest, you have put ten years into this farm

and you expect to be compensated for that. You would not be happy at all if Andy makes more than

you do. And he should do his time in that doublewide before James and Sue build him a house. Andy

and Charlene don’t even have kids yet. You don’t want to buy him a house with your cow profits.

You are also concerned about the distribution of the land. Land in Perryton is a surprisingly

lucrative holding. Therefore, if you are able to negotiate for a share of the ownership of the land, it

would greatly increase the value of your total compensation package. This is your legacy. You want this farm. Worst case scenario would be if you get the irrigated land, since it’s worth more, and

Andy will get the dry land.

Your most important issues are preserving your ownership position in the future (but not

now) and maintaining the status quo – that is, no changes to the cattle business – so you have time

to take your “business trips” to Elk City. By no means do you want to work for your little brother.

And, he better not think that he’s going to be the heir to this enterprise, you’re the oldest and you

have put a lot of work into this farm. You want it. Of course you would be happy to have your

brother work for you. He is your brother after all, and he should be pretty good with the crop side

of the business. He could make you some good money in the future.

Questions:

1.  What are my target point and opening requests on these issues?

2.    Who are the important constituencies to whom I am accountable?

3. What do I know about the other negotiator's interests, negotiating style, and personal reputation?

4. What overall strategy do I want to pursue?

length of all answers should be 300 hundreds words