On a late May afternoon in 1984, a fire broke out in the “Haunted Castle” attraction at the Great Adventure Park in Jackson Township, New Jersey (Figure 4-1). Eight teenagers became trapped in the haunted house and subsequently died in the blaze. The maze-like “building” was actually a set of 17 interconnected truck trailers; guests walked from one trailer into the next. The dark walk-through haunted house included a variety of fright-provoking scenes, live actors, and a “strobe room.” Plastic polyurethane foam was used in decorations in various areas of the attraction. Plywood partitions were also present throughout. The structure did not have a fire alarm system or a fire sprinkler system. There were no specific regulations for “haunted houses” in the building and fire codes of New Jersey or the rest of the nation at the time of the fire. In the wake of this incident, action on the part of the state of New Jersey was swift. The state’s building and fire codes were changed to include fire alarm systems and sprinklers. These regulations were quickly adopted nationally. Today, these “special amusement” buildings require a fire alarm and detection system, full sprinkler protection, a public address system, low-level exit signs, and a Class A rating for all interior finishes. 1. Why does it often take a tragedy to change our building and fire codes? 2. What are some other fires in the past that have led to changes in our fire safety regulations?

CASE 4.2

The Home Improvement Project

Lukas Nelson and his wife, Anne, and their three daughters had been living in their house for over five years when they decided it was time to make some modest improvements. One area they both agreed needed an upgrade was the bathtub. Their current house had one standard shower bathtub combination. Lukas was 6 feet four, and could barely squeeze into it. In fact, he had taken only one bath since they moved in. He and Anne both missed soaking in the older, deep bathtubs they enjoyed when they lived back East.

Fortunately, the previous owners that built the house had plumbed the corner of a large exercise room in the basement for a hot tub. They contacted a trusted remodeling contractor who assured them it would be relatively easy to install a new bathtub and it shouldn’t cost more than $1,500. They decided to go ahead with the project.

First the Nelsons went to the local plumbing retailer to pick out a tub. They soon realized that for a few hundred dollars more they could buy a big tub with water jets (a Jacuzzi). With old age on the horizon a Jacuzzi seemed like a luxury that was worth the extra money.

Originally the plan was to install the tub using the simple plastic frame the bath came with and install a splash guard around the tub. Once Anne saw the tub, frame, and splashguard in the room she balked. She did not like how it looked with the cedar paneling in the exercise room. After significant debate, Ann won out, and the Nelsons agreed to pay extra to have a cedar frame built for the tub and use attractive tile instead of the plastic splashguard. Lukas rationalized the changes would pay for themselves when they tried to sell the house.

Page 127The next hiccup occurred when it came time to address the flooring issue. The exercise room was carpeted, which wasn’t ideal when getting out of a bathtub. The original idea was to install relatively cheap laminated flooring in the drying and undressing area adjacent to the tub. However, the Nelsons couldn’t agree on the pattern to use. One of Anne’s friends said it would be a shame to put such cheap flooring in such a nice room. She felt they should consider using tile. The contractor agreed and said he knew a tile installer who needed work and would give them a good deal.

Lukas reluctantly agreed that the laminated options just didn’t fit the style or quality of the exercise room. Unlike the laminated floor debate both Anne and Lukas immediately liked a tile pattern that matched the tile used around the tub. Anxious not to delay the project, they agreed to pay for the tile flooring.

Once the tub was installed and the framing was almost completed, Anne realized that something had to be done about the lighting. One of her favorite things to do was to read while soaking in the tub. The existing lights didn’t provide sufficient illumination for doing so. Lukas knew this was “non-negotiable” and they hired an electrician to install additional lighting over the bathtub.

While the lighting was being installed and the tile was being laid, another issue came up. The original plan was to tile only the exercise room and use remnant rugs to cover the area away from the tub where the Nelsons did their exercises. The Nelsons were very happy with how the tile looked and fit with the overall room. However, it clashed with the laminated flooring in the adjacent bathroom. Lukas agreed with Ann, that it really made the adjacent bathroom look cheap and ugly. He also felt the bathroom was so small it wouldn’t cost much more.

After a week the work was completed. Both Lukas and Anne were quite pleased with how everything turned out. It cost much more than they had planned, but they planned to live in the house until the girls graduated from college so they felt it was a good long-term investment.

Anne had the first turn using the bathtub followed by their three girls. Everyone enjoyed the Jacuzzi. It was 10:00 p.m. when Lukas began running water for his first bath. At first the water was steaming hot, but by the time he was about to get in, it was lukewarm at best. Lukas groaned, “After paying all of that money I still can’t enjoy a bath.”

The Nelsons rationed bathing for a couple weeks, until they decided to find out what if anything could be done about the hot water problem. They asked a reputable heating contractor to assess the situation. The contractor reported that the hot water tank was insufficient to service a family of five. This had not been discovered before because baths were rarely taken in the past. The contractor said it would cost $2,200 to replace the existing water heater with a larger one that would meet their needs. The heating contractor also said if they wanted to do it right they should replace the existing furnace with a more energy efficient one. A new furnace would not only heat the house but also indirectly heat the water tank. Such a furnace would cost $7,500, but with the improved efficiency and savings in the gas bill, the furnace would pay for itself in 10 years. Besides, the Nelsons would likely receive tax credits for the more fuel-efficient furnace.

Three weeks later, after the new furnace was installed, Lukas settled into the new bathtub. He looked around the room at all the changes that had been made and muttered to himself, “And to think that all I wanted was to soak in a nice, hot bath.”

Questions:

1. What factors and forces contributed to scope creep in this case?

2. Is this an example of good or bad scope creep? Explain.

3. How could scope creep have been better managed by the Nelsons?

Question 1: In class, you have seen how to calculate the maximum speed for a car to go around a flat curve (with friction), and for a banked curve (without friction). Here, you will consider the general case. (For each question part below, include a free-body diagram.) a) (3 points) Explain briefly why the car can go around the banked curve safely even without friction, and why that is not the case for the flat curve. b) (5 points) Now consider a curve that is banked so that a car can safely take it at a speed of 85 km/h, even if there were no friction. Assuming the radius of the curve is 68 m, calculate the angle at which it has been built. c) (6 points) For the banked curve, calculate the maximum speed that a car can have to safely go through it if the coefficient of static friction is 0.3. What will happen if the car is faster? d) (6 points) For the same curve, calculate the minimum speed the car must have to safely make it through. What will happen if the car is slower?

Design a program which uses functions to sort a list and perform a binary search. Your program should:

Iinitialize an unsorted list (using the list provided)

Display the unsorted list

Sort the list

Display the sorted list.

Set up a loop to ask the user for a name, perform a binary search, and then report if the name is in the list. Use a sentinel value to end the loop.

Do not use the Python built in sort function to sort the list, instead write one or more functions to implement either the bubble sort or insertion sort (you choose the one you want to implement). The algorithms for the bubble sort and insertion sort are provided in the Word document attachment.

Implement the binary search algorithm as a function. Algorithms are provided in the Word document attachment for an iterative version or recursive version of the binary search. You choose the one you want to implement.

Use this test list: [ 'Paul', 'Aaron', 'Jacob', 'James', 'Bill', 'Sara', 'Cathy', 'Barbara', 'Amy', 'Jill' ]

Turn in your source code with IPO comments at the top of the file

A screen shot showing the results of your testing.

A new development is being planned, which will connect to the city ’s sanitary sewer system. This development will have 80 acres of medium-density residential assume 10 DU / acre and 2.8 persons per DU). Assume a per capita sewage rate of 90 gal/d/person. Additionally, a new community hospital will be constructed with 300 beds (assume 300 gal/d/bed). Assume I/I contribution of 10%.

a. Calculate the mean sewer discharge (accounting for residential, commercial, and I/I flows).

b. Calculate the maximum sewer discharge. Assume a peaking factor of 3.0

c. The new sanitary sewer pipe is to be laid at a slope of 0.003 ft/ft and built with pre -cast concrete pipe (n = 0.013). C ity code requires that the pipe can transmit the peak flo w at 75% full, with a velocity between 1.5 and 10 ft/s. What diameter pipe would you use?

d. How full, in inches, will the pipe be under normal conditions (mean discharge)?

Assignment No. 3.4

PROBLEM: Suppose you are the administrator in charge of setting the toll for crossing a toll bridge across a river. The current toll is $1 per trip and at that toll 1000 trips per hour are taken across the bridge. (a) If the price elasticity of demand for trips is 2.0, what will happen to the number of trips taken per hour if you raise the toll by 10 percent? How would this affect the total revenue collected per hour?(b) If the price elasticity of demand for trips is 0.5, what will happen to the number of trips taken per hour if you raise the toll by 10 percent? How would this affect the total revenue collected per hour?(c) Other things equal, at the current toll of $1, what do you think will happen to the elasticity of demand for trips, if the average incomes of people who use the bridge rise? Explain why.(d) Other things equal, at the current toll of $1, what do you think will happen to the elasticity of demand for trips if a non-toll bridge is built a few miles up the river? Explain why.

**Do not round in this problem. Use at least 5 significant figures.

A large entertainment company, let’s call them Wisney! Ok, so Wisney is considering buying a new piece of land in the Everglades and planning to put a new campground…but make it fun! The land they are buying has a stipulation that nothing can be built on the property until it is paid in full. Wisney is wealthy and has cash available but due to COVID-19 is being a bit more conservative about spending large amounts of money on new projects, therefore they will take out a loan with a nominal rate of 4.78%.

1. What is the effective interest rate if the interest is compounded semi-annually and payment are made semi-annually? (Hint: The effective rate should be in the same period as the payment schedule)
   1. If the land costs $2,800,000. What is the semi-annual payment needed to pay it off in 5 years?
2. What is the effective interest rate if the interest is compounded monthly and payments are made semi-annually?
   1. (5 points) If the land costs $2,800,000. What is the semi-annual payment needed to pay it off in 5 years?

CAPITAL BUDGETING CRITERIA: ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS An electric utility is considering a new power plant in northern Arizona. Power from the plant would be sold in the Phoenix area, where it is badly needed. Because the firm has received a permit, the plant would be legal, but it would cause some air pollution. The company could spend an additional $40 million at Year 0 to mitigate the environmental problem, but it would not be required to do so. The plant without mitigation would require an initial outlay of $240 million, and the expected cash inflows would be $80 million per year for 5 years. If the firm does invest in mitigation, the annual inflows would be $84 million. Unemployment in the area where the plant would be built is high, and the plant would provide about 350 good jobs. The risk-adjusted WACC is 17%.

1. Calculate the NPV and IRR with and without mitigation.

2. How should the environmental effects be dealt with when evaluating this project?

3. Should this project be undertaken? If so, should the firm do the mitigation? Why or why not?