For each scenario, indicate whether it is an example of making a probability statement (about samples, using knowledge about a population or parameters) or of inference (about a population or parameter, using data), briefly explaining why (1 sentence). (Example format: “Inference, because ___.”)

a) Using a percentile chart, we figure out how likely it is one of the next 20 babies born in this hospital will be above the 99th percentile for weight.

b) Through census data we know the distribution of income for Canadians. Using the central limit theorem, we figure out how probable it is that a random sample of 500 Canadians will include at least 180 Canadians who fall below a low-income threshold.

c) We run a survey of randomly selected Torontonians to see whether they have had symptoms of fever in the last week. Using the resulting data we form a confidence interval for the true proportion of people in the city who had fevers.

d) We figure out the chance of getting seven heads in a row at least once if a fair coin is flipped one hundred times.

e) We run a regression of grades versus study time for a sample of 1,000 students to estimate the effect of studying on grades.

f) We take the difference between two sample proportions and make a confidence interval for the true difference.

Mary-Lou is a 75-year-old widow, who lost her husband to cancer over a year ago. Her family and friends have noticed that she has been very teary, has low self-esteem and has lost interest in the things she used to love such as going to bingo with her friends and gardening. Her family initially put this down to the loss of her husband and thought it would pass with time. However, they are now getting really concerned as they have noticed that her mood is not improving still. When asked by her daughter if she is sleeping well, she says she has been drinking wine every night to help her go to sleep. It makes her feel happy and relaxed. What started as one glass a night has now increased to two or three glasses a night, and she has also started drinking during the day. Her daughter has noticed that her mum’s face always appears flushed and that she has had quite a few colds lately. Mary-Lou is also losing her balance and experiencing mood swings. Her daughter is worried that she is relying too heavily on alcohol and fears that she is starting to get short-term memory loss from the alcohol consumption. She has been forgetting things such as where she put her keys, whether she turned on the washing machine, why she opened the fridge and forgetting the topic of conversation when talking with her daughter on the phone. Mary-Lou has also been getting disorientated and getting lost when she goes out on her daily walks. A neighbor rang her daughter one day to tell her that she found Mary-Lou wandering around aimlessly, and when questioned what she was doing Mary-Lou snapped and said she was trying to get home. Her daughter decided it was time to take Mary-Lou to the local GP to work out what was going on with her. After listening to the signs and symptoms Mary-Lou was experiencing, the GP diagnosed her with depression and prescribed 50 mg of Fluoxetine/Prozac daily. Based on the results of clinical and radiological assessments, the GP determined that she had early onset Alzheimer’s disease. He prescribed a cholinesterase inhibitor and gave them information on support groups and tips on what to do from here on in. He also prescribed 10 mg of Diazepam daily to help with the withdrawals from alcohol abuse.

Question 1 Based on the scenario above, you should have identified three diseases/conditions we have covered in BIOL122.

• Name two of the diseases/conditions you identified, and

• List two characteristic signs or symptoms (per disease) that you noted in Mary-Lou’s history

• Finally, explain the pathophysiology of both diseases/conditions you named (i.e., explain the changes that cause the disease and relate the typical signs and symptoms of the disease).

Mary-Lou is a 75-year-old widow, who lost her husband to cancer over a year ago. Her family and friends have noticed that she has been very teary, has low self-esteem and has lost interest in the things she used to love such as going to bingo with her friends and gardening. Her family initially put this down to the loss of her husband and thought it would pass with time. However, they are now getting really concerned as they have noticed that her mood is not improving still. When asked by her daughter if she is sleeping well, she says she has been drinking wine every night to help her go to sleep. It makes her feel happy and relaxed. What started as one glass a night has now increased to two or three glasses a night, and she has also started drinking during the day. Her daughter has noticed that her mum’s face always appears flushed and that she has had quite a few colds lately. Mary-Lou is also losing her balance and experiencing mood swings. Her daughter is worried that she is relying too heavily on alcohol and fears that she is starting to get short-term memory loss from the alcohol consumption. She has been forgetting things such as where she put her keys, whether she turned on the washing machine, why she opened the fridge and forgetting the topic of conversation when talking with her daughter on the phone. Mary-Lou has also been getting disorientated and getting lost when she goes out on her daily walks. A neighbor rang her daughter one day to tell her that she found Mary-Lou wandering around aimlessly, and when questioned what she was doing Mary-Lou snapped and said she was trying to get home. Her daughter decided it was time to take Mary-Lou to the local GP to work out what was going on with her. After listening to the signs and symptoms Mary-Lou was experiencing, the GP diagnosed her with depression and prescribed 50 mg of Fluoxetine/Prozac daily. Based on the results of clinical and radiological assessments, the GP determined that she had early onset Alzheimer’s disease. He prescribed a cholinesterase inhibitor and gave them information on support groups and tips on what to do from here on in. He also prescribed 10 mg of Diazepam daily to help with the withdrawals from alcohol abuse.

Question 1 Based on the clinical picture presented above, you should have identified three diseases/conditions we have covered in BIOL122.

• Name two of the diseases/conditions you identified, and

• List two characteristic signs or symptoms (per disease) that you noted in Mary-Lou’s history

• Finally, explain the pathophysiology of both diseases/conditions you named (i.e., explain the changes that cause the disease and relate the typical signs and symptoms of the disease).

6.13 An industrial engineer employed by a beverage bottler is interested in the effects of two different types of 32‐ounce bottles on the time to deliver 12‐bottle cases of the product. The two bottle types are glass and plastic. Two workers are used to perform a task consisting of moving 40 cases of the product 50 feet50 feet on a standard type of hand truck and stacking the cases in a display. Four replicates of a 2222 factorial design are performed, and the times observed are listed in the following table. Analyze the data and draw appropriate conclusions. Analyze the residuals and comment on the model's adequacy.

Show how to enter this in Minitab or whatever spread sheet is used, I don't see how to enter this into cells!

1. Cells become cancerous after mutations accumulate in the various genes that control

2.

let's say CFTR (encoding the CFTR Cl- channel) has two alleles: + (which encodes a functional product) and - (which encodes a non-functional product). CFTR is a Cl- transporter expressed in many epithelial cells. LDLR is on chromosome 7. A person with the -/- genotype has Cystic Fibrosis but those with either +/- or +/+ genotypes do not. Which of the following is true?

3.

let's say SLC2A4 (encoding the insulin-dependent glucose transporter GLUT4) has two alleles: + (which encodes a functional product) and - (which encodes a non-functional product). If GLUT4 expression is necessary to not have diabetes, which of the following can we definitely conclude? (More than one answer may seem correct but only one answer logically follows the information)

4.

a pretty good definition of a gene is

5.

In the chart:

What is in column A?

Carbon 14 (C-14), a radioactive isotope of carbon, has a half-life of 5730 ± 40 years. Measuring the amount of this isotope left in the remains of animals and plants is how anthropologists determine the age of samples. Example: The skeletal remains of the so-called Pittsburgh Man, unearthed in Pennsylvania, had lost 82% of the C-14 they originally contained. Determine the approximate age of the bones assuming a half-life of 5730.

(a) 14,000 years

(b) 15,000 years

(c) 17,000 years

(d) 16,000 years

(e) 18,000 years

A stock analyst tracks three companies with stock prices f(t) = 40 + t + t 2 − t 3/10, g(t) = 7 + t − t 2 + t 3/5, and h(t) = 15 + t − t 2/2 + t 3/10 − t 4/200, t months into the year. A monthly buy recommendation is due at the end of August, so t = 8. The analyst believes in ‘momentum investing’ and looks for companies with stock prices that are concave upwards at the time of the recommendation. Which company is recommended?

(a) Neither of the three tracked companies.

(b) All three of the tracked companies.

(c) The company with stock price g(t).

(d) The company with stock price h(t).

(e) The company with stock price f(t).

Over the last 10? years, a firm has had the earnings per share shown in the following? table:

.

a.??If the? firm's dividend policy were based on a constant payout ratio of? 40% for all years with positive earnings and? 0% otherwise, what would be the annual dividend for

2015??

b.??If the firm had a dividend payout of? $1.00 per? share, increasing by? $0.10 per share whenever the dividend payout fell below? 50% for two consecutive?years, what annual dividend would the firm pay in 2015??

c.??If the? firm's policy were to pay? $0.50 per share each period except when earnings per share exceed? $3.00, when an extra dividend equal to? 80% of earnings beyond? $3.00 would be? paid, what annual dividend would the firm pay in 2015??

d.??Discuss the pros and cons of each dividend policy described in parts a through

In a car racing competition, four car brands are competing, each having two cars representing them. Cars from the same company have the same probability of winning. Each of the cars from Acura, Alfa Romeo and Audi has the same probability of winning the match, while each of Aston Martin’s cars has the probability of winning 1.66 times the probability of winning for each of the other brands’ cars.

(a) What is the chance of winning for each of the Aston Martin's cars?
Round your answer to one decimal place (e.g. 98.7).

(b) What is the chance of winning for each other cars?
Round your answer to one decimal place (e.g. 98.7).

(c) What is the probability of winning for Aston Martin brand?
Round your answer to one decimal place (e.g. 98.7).

(d) What is the probability of winning for each other brand?
Round your answer to one decimal place (e.g. 98.7).

Kitchen Supply, Inc. (KSI), manufactures three types of flatware: institutional, standard, and silver. It applies all indirect costs according to a predetermined rate based on direct labor-hours. A consultant recently suggested that the company switch to an activity-based costing system and prepared the following cost estimates for year 2 for the recommended cost drivers.

In addition, management estimated 7,100 direct labor-hours for year 2.

Assume that the following cost driver volumes occurred in January, year 2.

Actual labor costs were $16 per hour.

Required:

a.

(1) Compute a predetermined overhead rate for year 2 for each cost driver using the estimated costs and estimated cost driver units prepared by the consultant.
(2) Compute a predetermined rate for year 2 using direct labor-hours as the allocation base.

Processing orders: Rate per order?

Setting up Production: Rate per run?

Handling Materials: Rate per pound?

Using Machines: Rate per machine hour?

Performing Quality Control: Rate per Inspection?

Packing: Rate per unit?

a2. Predetermined Rate per direct labor-hour?

b. Compute the production costs for each product for January using direct labor-hours as the allocation base and the predetermined rate computed in requirement a(2).

Direct Labor for: Institutional? Standard? Silver?

Indirect Costs for: Instituional? Standard? Silver?

c. Compute the production costs for each product for January using the cost drivers recommended by the consultant and the predetermined rates computed in requirement a. (Note: Do not assume that total overhead applied to products in January will be the same for activity-based costing as it was for the labor-hour-based allocation.)

Institutional Standard Silver

Direct Labor?

Processing Orders?

Setting up Production?

Handling Materials?

Using Machines?

Performing Quality Control?

Packing?

The height of a type of bean plants is determined by five unlinked genes called A, B, C, D, and E. Each gene has two alleles: additive (uppercase letter) and nonadditive (lowercase letter).

How many phenotypic classes would you expect?

The shortest plants are 130 cm. The tallest plants are 220 cm. Estimate how many centimeters each allele contributes to the height difference.

The genotypes are known for two bean plants. Plant 1 is genotype AABbccDdEE. Plant 2 is genotype aaBBCcDdEE. What are their heights?

If the two plants from above are crossed, what is the probability they will produce a plant that is taller than either parent?