Westby Corp., a high school uniform manufacturer, was authorized to issue an unlimited number of common shares. During January 2020, its first month of operations, the following selected transactions occurred:

Jan.    1        1,000 shares were issued to the organizers of the corporation. The total value of the shares was determined to be $11,700.
   5        15,000 shares were sold to various shareholders for $13.20 each.
   15        The board of directors declared a cash dividend of $0.72 per common share to shareholders of record on January 19, payable January 31.
   20        4,000 shares were issued in exchange for land valued at $46,800. The shares were actively trading on this date at $11.20 per share.
   31        Closed the Income Summary account, which showed a credit balance of $162,000.
   31        Paid the dividends declared on January 15.

Required:
a. Journalize the above transactions. The Company does not use a Cash Dividends Account.

Prepare the equity section of Westby’s balance sheet at January 31, 2020.

What was the average issue price per common share?

Madisyn (Maddy) Whitfield, 25, has been a graduate student at a prestigious state school on the West Coast, studying for her master's degree in Health Psychology. She has attended school part-time because she must also work and allow enough time for all the hours of fieldwork mandated by her program.

Due to a chronic health condition, Maddy must be cautious about not overworking or overstressing herself, another reason for not attending school full-time. As a junior in high school, Maddy was diagnosed with Crohn's disease, a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. While there is no cure for Crohn's, there are several medications and life style modifications that can keep the disease in remission the majority of the time. It is normal for patients to experience cycles of remission and relapse and to go through the periods of flare-up with relatively few severe consequences. Without proper care, however, patients are more likely to experience flare-ups. The more severe and the more frequent the flare-ups, the higher the chances that the patient will require surgery because of permanent damage to the intestinal tract. Until a few years ago, Maddy had only experienced a few minor flare-ups of her disease. She had taken control of her health from the time of her diagnosis and was able to keep herself relatively healthy by seeing her Crohn's specialist regularly, taking the necessary medications, eating healthily, and exercising frequently.

Since graduating from college, however, Maddy's health has been declining. No longer covered under her father's PPO (preferred provider organization) health insurance, she stopped going for regular check-ups with her IBD (inflammatory bowel disease) doctor and could rarely afford the out-of-pocket expenses for medications. She had been able to continue her healthy eating habits and activity level while living at home, but since starting graduate school and moving away from home, that has not been the case. Time and money constraints do not allow Maddy to properly care for herself, and the stresses of school and her disease have contributed to her worsening flare-ups. In the past year she has been experiencing shorter and shorter periods of remission followed by longer periods of relapse. Unable to continue at the same pace, last month Maddy had to take a leave of absence from school, so that she could continue her job as a waitress and support herself.

Last week, Maddy began to experience excruciating lower back pain, chills, fever, malaise, and fatigue. Maddy had suspected kidney stones as this was a periodic occurrence; she had developed kidney stones in the past and assumed that these would pass just as the others had. She resisted going to the doctor because of her lack of health insurance. While it is not unusual for patients with Crohn's disease to develop kidney stones, because of Maddy's severe flare-ups, her body was so dehydrated and malnourished that the stones couldn't pass and only grew larger. She had eventually come to the point of being unable to eat or drink anything.

When her friends saw how rapidly she was declining they stepped in and brought her to the emergency room where routine blood and urine tests were done, and an abdominal x-ray was ordered. Based on her symptoms and health history, dehydration was suspected and nurses immediately started Maddy on IV fluids while they waited for all the test results to come in. Eventually, doctors determined that Maddy needed to be admitted. Not only was she dehydrated, but she was also severely malnourished. In addition, she had two very large kidney stones, which had caused an infection. Once she was admitted, nurses continued the IV fluids, started Maddy on IV antibiotics, and inserted an NG (nasogastric) feeding tube.

Maddy spent five days in the hospital until doctors were convinced that she could keep enough food and fluid in her system to remain sufficiently nourished. It was no mystery to Maddy why this crisis happened; she knew as well as the doctors that she needed to start taking her Crohn's medications again. She was discharged with strict instructions to follow up with her Crohn's specialist within the next few days and to start treatment accordingly. The nurses at the hospital also set up a pre-op appointment for surgery to remove the kidney stones. Because of the size and location of the stones, and the infection, the stones must be removed by percutaneous nephrolithotomy. In this procedure, a surgeon would make a small incision in Maddy's back, insert a hollow tube into her kidney, and remove the stones through the tube. Doctors had wanted to do the surgery while she was in the hospital, but Maddy refused, knowing that she could not afford to pay for the surgery. While the procedure is relatively minor, it does require anesthesia and a hospital stay of two or three days. It also requires a catheter be inserted into the kidney to allow it to drain and heal. Without health insurance, Maddy knew that covering the costs would be impossible, and she chose to leave AMA (against medical advice) to take some time to figure out a plan and decide what options were available to her, if any.

As she had already taken a leave of absence from school, given her current condition, Maddy decided to take some time off work and go home to stay with her family for a while. Although Maddy is close to her family, she has not told them about recent occurrences, and they have no idea that she spent several days in the hospital. Maddy's father recently lost his job, and her mom has only been able to find part-time work. They have been struggling for the past eight months to make ends meet, trying to raise their two other children on a part-time salary without any benefits. Maddy has been aware of the situation, and for that reason, has not wanted to bother her family with her situation. With nowhere else to turn, however, she now decides to go home to focus on recovering and figuring out what do from here.

Instructions

Read and analyze the case.

Use this form to document your critique of the case. Be sure to provide all of the information asked of you. Responses should be in MS Word, 12 point font, complete sentences and grammatically correct.

Submit your analysis to GA View on or before the due date listed on your schedule. Ten percent (10%) will be subtracted from your final grade for this critique, each day you are late.

Who is affected or at risk in this case? Who are the stakeholders?

Summarize their situation (e.g., health status, predicament).

Clarify, what is the ethical dilemma or conflict?

Identify a stakeholder involved in this case then clarify/summarize

Their position. (Which side of the dilemma or conflict do they take and describe what that position is.)

The ethical principle(s) and values that support their position. (These are principles and values from the book and lecture. You’ll need to state the principles or values and describe how they apply to and support the stakeholder’s position).

6. As a Healthcare Administrator, using an identified Code of Ethics, what would you decide? (See the Code of Ethics document on the Course Content site and let me know which Code you are using. Also describe your decision.).

7. Why? (Why did you come to this decision? Why do you think it’s the right decision and can you justify it?)

8. List 1 additional decision alternative. (Remember, there are more ways to address an ethical dilemma than one single decision. What might be an alternative way to address the ethical dilemma? – do not restate your original decision – provide a second decision that would be your ‘second choice’.)

2. The community health nurse is planning a health promotion workshop for a high school PTSO (Parent-Teacher-Student Organization). The choice of topics was suggested by the high school’s registered nurse who has observed a gradual increase in student obesity. The two nurses have collaborated to develop this workshop to provide parents, students, and teachers with information about the importance of health promotion. (Learning Objectives 6, 8, and 9)

Describe the importance of a focus on health promotion.

According to the health promotion model developed by Becker (1993), what four variables influence the selection and use of health promotion behaviors?

Describe four components of health promotion.

3. Catherine is considering going to medical school. If she does, she will spend $80,000 on tuition and books to get a college education (during the first time period), $120,000 on tuition and books to get a medical degree (during the second time period), and her medical degree will earn her $500,000 during the remainder of her work-life (during the third time period). Her time preference for money (her discount rate) is 20 percent.

a. What is Catherine's present value of obtaining a medical degree?

b. Suppose that Catherine is also considering an alternative career path, in which she obtains a college education in the first period (with the same costs as before) and enters the work force immediately as a marketing analyst. She earns $100,000 in the second period and $200,000 in the third period under this option. Will she choose to become a doctor or a marketing analyst? Show your work.

c. If Catherine’s discount rate is 10 percent, will this change her decision? Show your work.

In a sample of 155 university lecturers, 101 said that mathematic courses in high school were the most important source of a student’s success in engineering departments. Test the hypothesis that mathematic courses are the most important sources of a child’s success for at most 65% of university lecturers against the alternative that the population percentage is greater than 65%. Use a=0.05.

a. Construct hypthesis H0: vs H1: (IMPORTANT: for inequalities use one of the appropriate of the following. For example; x less than y, x greater than y, x greater than or equal to y, x less than or equal to y )

b. Test statistic value is

c. P-value is

d. Decision (here use "reject" or "fail to reject", but don't forget to explain on the paper!)

2. A random sample of 49 children with working mothers showed that they were absent from school an average of 6 days per term with a standard deviation of 1.8 days.

1. Write down the equation you should use to construct the confidence interval for the average number of days absent per term for all the children.

2. Determine a 98% confidence interval estimate for the average number of days absent per term for all the children.

3. Determine a 95% confidence interval estimate for the average number of days absent per term for all the children.

4. Discuss why 98% and 95% confidence intervals are different.

Patient C is a high school senior. During the opening drive in the Friday night football game, Patient C is hit from behind. When he falls, he sustains open, comminuted fractures of his left tibia and fibula. Because he is unable to stand, an ambulance is brought onto the field to transport the young player to the hospital for evaluation.

Upon arrival at the emergency department, Patient C's leg is examined, x-rayed, and evaluated by the orthopedic surgeon on call. It is determined that prompt stabilization and cleansing of the wound would be optimal for the best possible outcome; thus, Patient C is prepared for surgery. His parents, who were at the game, arrive in the emergency department just moments after the ambulance and are available to give permission for the operative procedure. As Patient C has been medicated for pain, a history is obtained from the parents. There are no notable problems; Patient C is a healthy young man in excellent physical condition. He has not had previous operations and no previous exposure to anesthesia.

Patient C is transferred to the operating room. The anesthesiologist gives the patient a number of preoperative medications, including those to prevent PONV. The anesthesia of choice is enflurane (Ethrane), a volatile gas. The patient first receives succinylcholine prior to intubation, followed by the anesthetic gas. Within minutes, the anesthesiologist notes that Patient C's carbon dioxide levels are beginning to rise. Just as the surgeon is to begin, the patient sustains a cardiac arrest.

The anesthesiologist immediately stops the insufflation of the gas and begins to administer 100% oxygen. A code response is initiated by the remaining members of the operating team. The rescuer performing chest compressions notes that the patient's skin is warm. While resuscitative efforts continue, blood for laboratory evaluation is obtained. The arterial blood gas results demonstrate a pH of 6.9, partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂) of 110 mm Hg, and a partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂) of 55 mm Hg. At this point, the anesthesiologist's suspicions are confirmed; the patient is experiencing an episode of malignant hyperthermia.

As soon as the diagnosis is confirmed, the staff is ordered to administer dantrolene at a dose of 2 mg/kg. The operating room personnel contact the PACU to ask for assistance in drawing up and preparing the dantrolene. Only one nurse is available to leave the PACU, and she assists with mixing and administering the dantrolene as soon as it is prepared. Additionally, the patient requires repeat doses of sodium bicarbonate to combat the falling serum pH.

Within 15 minutes of administering the dantrolene, the patient begins to demonstrate a perfusing rhythm, although this is punctuated by frequent runs of premature ventricular contractions. Antiarrhythmics are administered to control the cardiac complications.

Simultaneously, the patient is cooled with external cold packs applied to the groin and axilla areas. The leg wound is dressed to prevent further contamination during the resuscitative efforts. Repeat blood is obtained for laboratory analysis. The patient's potassium is elevated, and the patient is started on a glucose-insulin drip.

After the patient's cardiac condition is stabilized, the operating room staff request transfer of the patient to the PACU for further management. The patient is moved, and the PACU staff becomes responsible for managing the patient. The antiarrhythmics, the glucose-insulin drip, and the cooling measures are continued. During the first 30 minutes in the PACU, the patient's urine is noted to be deep red color, indicative of developing rhabdomyolysis and potential renal failure. The patient is given 100 mg furosemide, and fluids are increased to 150 mL/hour. Within 20 minutes, the urine lightens in color, although it retains a reddish tinge.

Approximately three hours after the first cardiac arrest, the patient suffers a second arrest with the development of ventricular fibrillation. A second code response is called, and the patient is again resuscitated with dantrolene, antiarrhythmics, and sodium bicarbonate. Once again, the patient responds to treatment and regains a perfusing cardiac rhythm.

The patient is ordered to receive dantrolene every 4 hours for the following 48 hours to ensure that another episode of malignant hyperthermia does not develop. The patient is subsequently stabilized and transferred to the ICU, where he remains for 72 hours.

1. What went well? Could anything have been improved?

2. Why do you suspect the patient developed MH?

3. Do you think that the patient's fracture was stabilized and repaired? What will need to happen during subsequent surgical procedures for this patient?

The state test scores for 12 randomly selected high school seniors are shown on the right. Complete parts​ (a) through​ (c) below.

Assume the population is normally distributed.

12 scores-

1) find the sample mean

2) find the standard deviation

3) construct a 90% confidence interval for the population mean

Sarah is the owner of a pre-school called “We Care for Kids” located in Sydney. Between January 2018 and December 2019, Sarah's business has boomed. Many parents were forced to place their names on a waiting list in the hopes of a future vacancy. Sarah’s business was chronically short staffed and consequently she was working very long hours. When Sarah heard that her sister, Jenny, who lived in Western Australia, had recently completed childcare qualifications at University, she sent her an email on the 17th of January 2020, which stated: “Dear Jenny, I am absolutely swamped at my pre-school and I desperately need help. Mum tells me that you have completed your childcare diploma at University. Would you be interested in coming to Sydney and working for me as a childcare worker? For $80 per week, I will rent you the granny flat at the rear of my house. The tenant who is living there now has given me notice – he is moving out by January 25. I would love to see you. Love, Sarah” Unfortunately, two days after Sarah sent Jenny the email, several children at the childcare centre were diagnosed with COVID 19. As a consequence, many parents withdrew their children from the pre-school and consequently business was drastically reduced. Sarah then had no need for any further staff, including Jenny. Meanwhile, Jenny was thrilled to receive Sarah’s email because many of her friends had gone to live and work in Sydney after finishing their University studies. By January 20, 2020 news of the COVID 19 outbreak at Sarah's childcare centre was being covered widely by the media. Jenny saw those media reports. Wanting to tie Sarah to the deal quickly, Jenny replied by posting a letter on January 21, as follows: “Dear Sarah, Thank you very much for this opportunity. I have resigned my job here and have bought a plane ticket. I leave on January 23 to go to Queensland for a beach holiday and I will arrive in Sydney on Wednesday, February 5, 2020. I will be ready to start work for you straight away. Also thank you for your offer of the rental of the granny flat – I accept with pleasure. Thanks again, love, Jenny” Sarah received this letter on February 1, 2020. However, on January 28, Sarah sent an email to Jenny describing what had happened to her business and telling her that there was no job for her at this time. Unfortunately, Jenny did not read this email because she had already left for Queensland. Whilst she was travelling, she did not access her email. Advise Jenny whether a binding contract exists.

please provide answers with issue, law, application and conclusion in regards to the contract law.