What factors have shaped the growth patterns of Latin America?

compare and contrast the overall geography of North and South (Latin) America?

2. Bud Owen operates Bud's Package Store in a small college town. Bud sells six packs of beer for off-premises consumption. Bud has very limited store space and has decided to limit his product line to one brand of beer, choosing to forego the snack food lines that normally accompany his business. Bud's is the only beer retailer physically located within the town limits. He faces considerable competition, however, from sellers located outside of town. Bud regards the market as highly competitive and considers the current $2.50 per six pack selling price to be beyond his control. Bud's total and marginal cost functions are: TC = 2000 + 0.0005Q2 MC = 0.001Q where Q refers to six packs per week. Included in the fixed cost figure is a $750 per week salary for Bud, which he considers to be his opportunity cost. a. Calculate the profit maximizing output for Bud. What is his profit? Is this an economic profit or an accounting profit? b. The town council has voted to impose a tax of $.50 per six pack sold in the town, hoping to discourage beer consumption. What impact will the tax have on Bud? Should Bud continue to operate? What impact will the tax have on Bud's out-of-town competitors? New MC = 0.001Q + 0.5

Discuss the reasons behind the “export pessimism” of the dependency writers. Outline what are a country’s barter terms-of-trade and what may be the factors affecting their decline or increase, referring to the ideas of Raul Prebisch. Note which periods of economic history were the most problematic for Latin American terms-of-trade. Finally, discuss two other forms of dependency or international economic factors possibly hurting Latin America.

Discuss the reasons behind the “export pessimism” of the dependency writers. Outline what are a country’s barter terms-of-trade and what may be the factors affecting their decline or increase, referring to the ideas of Raul Prebisch. Note which periods of economic history were the most problematic for Latin American terms-of-trade. Finally, discuss two other forms of dependency or international economic factors possibly hurting Latin America.

4. Discuss the reasons behind the “export pessimism” of the dependency writers. Outline what are a country’s barter terms-of-trade and what may be the factors affecting their decline or increase, referring to the ideas of Raul Prebisch. Note which periods of economic history were the most problematic for Latin American terms-of-trade. Finally, discuss two other forms of dependency or international economic factors possibly hurting Latin America.

Pig Latin is a language constructed by transforming English words. The following rules are used to translate English into Pig Latin:

*If the word begins with a consonant, then all consonants at the beginning of the word, up to the first vowel are removed then added to the end of the word, followed by “ay”. For example, “computer” becomes “omputercay” and “think” becomes “inkthay”.

*If the word begins with a vowel, then “way” is added to the end of the word. For example, “algorithm” becomes “algorithmway” and “office” becomes “officeway”.

*If the word ends in a punctuation mark, then the punctuation mark should remain at the end of the word after the transformation has been performed. For example, “science!” should become “iencescay!”. You can assume that the punctuation mark is only a single character. The program reads a line of text from the user and translates it into Pig Latin and displays the result.

This is in python.

In Java.This program will translate a word into pig-latin. Pig-latin is a language game in which words in English are altered, usually by removing letters from the beginning of a word and arranging them into a suffix. The rules we will use for the pig-latin in this program are as follows: If a word starts with a consonant, split the word at the first instance of a vowel, moving the beginning consonants to the end of the word, following a '-'. Then add 'ay' at the end of the word. Vowels are: a, e, i, o, u (Notice: We are not considering y a vowel for this program) If a word starts with a vowel add the word "yay" at the end of the word following a '-'. Examples: hello translates to ello-hay flare translates to are-flay it translates to it-yay A more detailed explanation of the requirements for each method will be in the method header comments - please follow these closely. Suggested order of completion: isVowel() then pigLatin().

The following data were drawn from the Latin American Migration Project, a collaborative research effort based at Princeton University and the University of Guadalajara, supported by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) (http://lamp.opr.princeton.edu). A random sample of respondents was drawn from three Latin American countries: Nicaragua, Guatemala, and Costa Rica. The variable if interest is the duration (in months) of stay in the United States during respondents’ first migration to the United States.

Nicaragua: 4, 6, 6, 6, 12, 36, 36, 36, 36, 60, 72, 78, 96, 120, 126, 156, 162, 162, 186, 540 Guatemala: 1, 1, 12, 24, 24, 24, 36, 36, 42, 60, 78, 84, 102, 102, 102, 102,132, 144 Costa Rica: 12, 12, 12, 12, 14, 15, 15, 18, 18, 24, 36, 48, 66, 120, 150, 150, 174, 282, 288

a) What is the level of measurement of duration of stay during first U.S. migration?

b) Calculate the value of the mode for each country.

c) How does the mode for Guatemala compare to that of Costa Rica?

d) In light of your answer to c), perhaps one explanation is that respondents from Latin American countries that are closer to the United States have a higher modal duration of stay in the United States during their first U.S. migration than respondents from Latin American countries that are further away from the United States. Does the evidence from Nicaragua support this idea? (Hint: examine a map of Latin America to see whether you would expect the mode for Nicaragua to be greater than or less than that for Costa Rica and Guatemala.)

e) Given your results from b), you are interested in extending this idea to the value of the median. Which country would you expect to have the highest median duration of stay in the United States during first U.S. migration?

f) Calculate the value of the median for each country. Which of the three countries above in fact has the highest median value? Does this support your idea that respondents from Latin American countries that are closer to the United States have a higher median duration of stay in the United States during their first U.S. migration than respondents from Latin American countries that are further away from the United States? Explain.

g) Notice that both Guatemala and Costa Rica have some very low and very high values. Which measure of central tendency is most susceptible to such extreme values?

h) Given your results from b) and f), you are interested in extending the idea that respondents from Latin American countries that are closer to the United States have a higher mean duration of stay in the United States during their first U.S. migration than respondents from Latin American countries that are further away from the United States. Which country would you expect to have the lowest mean duration of stay during first U.S. migration?

i) Calculate the value of the mean for each country. Which of the three countries above in fact has the lowest mean duration? Does this support your idea that respondents from Latin American countries that are closer to the United States have a higher mean duration of stay in the United States during their first U.S. migration than respondents from Latin American countries that are further away from the United States? Explain.

j) For each country, identify the direction in which (if any) the distribution is skewed? Provide specific evidence using your answers from the previous questions.