The term “majlis” refers to:

The Turkish constitution.

The first Iranian parliament.

The first Iranian constitution.

The first Turkish parliament.

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Question 22 pts

Which of these statements is true about Palestine in the 19th century?

Its indigenous Jewish community numbered in the millions.

It was ruled by the Ottomans.

Its population was equally divided between Muslims, Jews, and Christians.

It acquired its independence from the British.

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Question 31 pts

The Zionist movement primarily desired to :

stop the persecution of Jews in England.

fight against the Ottoman Turks.

otrepresent European Jewish interests at the League of Nations.

create a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

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Question 41 pts

The CPU and its Young Turks sided with Germany in WWI for the following reasons except:

Germany had recently defeated the French.

In the Armenians, they had found a common enemy.

Germany was the mightiest industrial power in Europe.

Germans and the Young Turks shared a similar conception of nationalism.

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Question 51 pts

The Balfour Declaration of 1917 promised that Palestine would:

become a homeland for immigrant Jews.

remain a British protectorate indefinitely.

be partitioned into distinct Arab and Jewish zones.

continue as a homeland to the resident Arab Muslims.

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Question 61 pts

What was the "Mandate System"?

Colonies were incorporated into various nations with the rights and liabilities of ordinary citizens.

None of the answers is applicable.

European colonial rulers administered non-European territories but were only held accountable to the League of Nations.

The League of Nations members divided a percentage of wealth generated by all colonies.

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Question 71 pts

In 1923, Mustafa Kemal transformed Turkey into:

A socialist state.

An Islamic State

A secular state.

A Caliphate.

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Question 81 pts

The Sykes-Picot Agreement ignored the nationalistic feelings of the...

Arab people.

Iranian people.

Eastern Europeans.

Turkish people.

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Question 91 pts

One could speak of British foreign policy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as manipulativebecause...

The promised the same territory to the Hashimites, the Saudis, and the Zionists.

They fooled the last ottoman sultan into believing that if they sided with the British against the Russians, the British will assist them with massive modernization of the empire's economy.

All of the answers are applicable.

The encouraged the Egyptian khedive to invest in the cotton industry, only to watch the economy collapse after the end of the American civil war.

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Question 101 pts

Which of these Arabic dynastic families helped the British empire by leading the revolt against the Ottomans, and were eventually rewarded with territories?

The Saudis

The Pahlavis

The Hashimites

The Hashimites and the Saudis

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Question 111 pts

In theory, the purpose of the League of Nations in Middle Eastern affairs was to...

Pursue legal actions against the CPU for their involvement in the Armenian genocide.

Implement the Sykes-Picot agreement.

Mediate between the Hashimites and Saudis over their competition over the control of the Arabian Peninsula.

Empower Arabs to seek independence from European colonial powers.

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Question 121 pts

In the face of European imperialist domination, secular modernists reforms in the Egypt, Turkey, Iran, and Afghanistan acquired most popular because...

Wahhabis were mainly concerned with Muslims' moral decadence.

all of the answers are applicable.

they were most coherent in defining the nationalist ambitions of their people.

of the strength of its industrialization projects.

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Question 131 pts

Hassan El Banna and his Muslim Brotherhood organization were originally influenced by which of these 19th century Muslim reformists?

Mustafa Kemal.

Sayyid Jamaluddin-i-Afghani.

Ahmad of Aligarh.

Abdul Wahab.

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Question 141 pts

Which of these terms does not refer to the context of European Jewish ambitions to establish a homeland in Palestine?

Aliyah.

Tanzimat.

Antisemitism.

Zionism.

Question 15

Which of these Muslim territories did not give cheap concessions to Western business interests to exploit their newly-discovered oil resources?

Turkey.

Iraq.

Iran.

Saudi Arabia.

Question 16

Match the terms in the left side with its appropriate definition in the right side

Ayatollah Khomeini

      [ Choose ]            Leader of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, Hanged by the then president Nasser.            First democratically elected Iranian prime minister            Iranian Shia Islamist revolutionary            Lebanese Shia militant/political group.            Former Iranian Monarch and dictator.                    

Mohammed Reza Pahlavi

      [ Choose ]            Leader of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, Hanged by the then president Nasser.            First democratically elected Iranian prime minister            Iranian Shia Islamist revolutionary            Lebanese Shia militant/political group.            Former Iranian Monarch and dictator.                    

Mosaddeq

      [ Choose ]            Leader of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, Hanged by the then president Nasser.            First democratically elected Iranian prime minister            Iranian Shia Islamist revolutionary            Lebanese Shia militant/political group.            Former Iranian Monarch and dictator.                    

Sayyid Qutb

      [ Choose ]            Leader of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, Hanged by the then president Nasser.            First democratically elected Iranian prime minister            Iranian Shia Islamist revolutionary            Lebanese Shia militant/political group.            Former Iranian Monarch and dictator.                    

Hezbollah

      [ Choose ]            Leader of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, Hanged by the then president Nasser.            First democratically elected Iranian prime minister            Iranian Shia Islamist revolutionary            Lebanese Shia militant/political group.            Former Iranian Monarch and dictator.                    

Choose from

Leader of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, Hanged by the then president Nasser.  

First democratically elected Iranian prime minister           

Iranian Shia Islamist revolutionary           

Lebanese Shia militant/political group.           

Former Iranian Monarch and dictator.                    

Question 17

One similarity in the leadership between Kemal Ataturk, Gamal Nasser, and Shah Reza Pahlavi, is that all these leaders...

sought to modernize their newly founded nations states.

led invasions into Israel.

encouraged their people to exhibit their Islamic identities in the public space.

came to power as a result of democratic elections.

Question 18

Gamel Abdel Nasser was...

an advocate of fundamentalist Islam.

a Turkish secular leader.

a pan-Arabist, secular, nationalist leader.

a loyal ally of the United States.

Question 191

Which of these factors best explain the reasons behind the 1978 revolution in Iran:

Nationalization of industries and government interference in national politics.

Corruption, repression, and nationalization of petroleum.

Worldwide isolation in foreign affairs and corruption.

Political corruption, religious dissatisfaction, and privatization of petroleum.

Question 20

The Middle East is important to the United States for the following reasons:

Petroleum and cheap labor.

Petroleum resources and strategic location.

Petroleum and agricultural resources.

Petroleum and industrial wealth.

Question 21

The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait led to:

The end of the Saudi dynastic rule in the Arabian Peninsula.

The collapse of Saddam Hussein's regime.

Closer U.S.-Iraqi relations.

1991 Gulf War.

Question 22

The long Iran-Iraq war resulted in:

A large scale Iranian occupation of northern Iraq.

An Iranian victory.

An Iraqi victory.

Countless deaths and severe economic strain on both Iran and Iraq.

Question 23

In your opinion, what was the reason for the success of the Iranian Revolution that brought downthe rule of the dictator Shah Reza Pahlavi in in 1979?

The Soviet support to the Shia conservative clerics

The diversity of political and religious opposition groups against the tyranny of the Shah.

All of the answers are applicable.

the masses' discontent with the rigidity of the Shia doctrine as interpreted by Khomeini.

Question 24

Which of these could be considered the most important achievement of secular modernists in Egypt?

Defeating Israel in the 1967 War.

Defeating Israel in the 1973 War.

Prevailing over the mounting danger of the Muslim Brotherhood.

Regaining control of the Suez Canal

Question 25

The main course of the Arab-Israeli conflicts from 1948 to 1973 was the clash between...

Israeli technology and Saudi economic wealth.

Islamic fundamentalism and Orthodox Judaism.

Arab nationalism and Jewish nationalism.

Arab Socialism and Israeli capitalism.

Question 26

As explained in details in chapter 14, in order for an invention to take off and engender progress, certain social and cultural conditions need to be met. Based on your close reading of the chapter, explain how Ottoman society in the 18th and 19th centuries lack these social preconditions of industrialization?

Question 27

How do you explain the rise of the secular modernist reformists in the Middle East during the post-World War II era? How did they attempt to liberate their countries from Western imperial domination? What were the domestic and foreign challenges to the implementation of their reforms?

Question 28

What's at the source of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict? Elaborate on the Arab and Zionistnationalist arguments...

Question 29

How far back can you trace the U.S. involvement in the Middle East? What explains U.S. interest in this region? Do you feel like through its involvement, did the U.S. uphold or betray its principles of promoting freedom and democracy in the Middle East?

Question 30

Which one of these wars was not a direct confrontation between Israel and the Arab nations?

Sinai War (1998)

Yom Kippur War (1973)

Israeli War of Independence (1947-49)

Six Day War (1967)

draft apossible first research question for mark's and phil's idea as described in the first three paragraphs of the case study .

Write a java code that first discards as many whitespace characters as necessary until the first non-whitespace character is found. Then, starting from this character, takes an optional initial plus or minus sign followed by as many numerical digits as possible, and interprets them as a numerical value.

The string can contain additional characters after those that form the integral number, which are ignored and have no effect on the behavior of this function.

If the first sequence of non-whitespace characters in the string is not a valid integral number, or if no such sequence exists because either string is empty or it contains only whitespace characters, no conversion is performed.

If no valid conversion could be performed, a zero value is returned.

Example 1:

Input: "42"

Output: 42

Example 2:

Input: "   -42"

Output: -42

Explanation: The first non-whitespace character is '-', which is the minus sign. Then take as many numerical digits as possible, which gets 42.

Example 3:

Input: "4193 with words"

Output: 4193

Explanation: Conversion stops at digit '3' as the next character is not a numerical digit.

Example 4:

Input: "words and 987"

Output: 0

Explanation: The first non-whitespace character is 'w', which is not a numerical digit or a +/- sign. Therefore no valid conversion could be performed.

Note 1: Place single line comments wherever it is necessary before a line of code to explain the lines of code in Java Project.

Note 2: When you are testing your code, drop the " around the input values.

Note 3: In this project, you should use the String methods you have learned in this class and implement a loop structure.  

Advertising & the First Amendment

The question is often asked: Does the First Amendment protect advertisements? Advertising is indeed protected by the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. However, advertising or "commercial speech" enjoys somewhat less First Amendment protection from governmental infringement than other types of speech. Should this be the case? How should advertising be regulated? By who? Why? "Your posting should contain at least 200 words of quality discussion."

Advertising & the First Amendment

The question is often asked: Does the First Amendment protect advertisements? Advertising is indeed protected by the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. However, advertising or "commercial speech" enjoys somewhat less First Amendment protection from governmental infringement than other types of speech. Should this be the case? How should advertising be regulated? By who? Why? "Your posting should contain at least 200 words of quality discussion."

The BBQ implementation of the Q interface, was a FIFO (First-In, First-Out) queue. Using BBQ as a guide, write a class called QBB that implements the Q interface as a LIFO (Last-In, First Out) queue. In a FIFO queue elements are removed in the ordered in which they added. In a LIFO queue, elements are removed in the reverse order of arrival. Use a String array as the basis of your implementation.

/**
	* A simplified queue interface to manage a FIFO arrangement of data. The interface
	* can be implemented on any arrangement as long as the data are Strings.
	*/
	public interface Q {
	/** Accessor for size */
	int getSize();
	/** Accessor for capacity */
	int getCapacity();
	/**
	* Adds a new arrival to the queue, if there is space. The new
	* element is added always to the back of the queue.
	* If the addition is successful the method returns true. If the
	* queue is full, the method returns false.
	* @param s value to add to the queue
	* @return true is joining the queue succesful; false if q full.
	*/
	boolean arrival(String s);
	/**
	* Method to remove element from q. The element is removed always
	* from the front of the queue.
	* @return True if removal successful; false if q is empty already.
	*/
	boolean departure();
	/** Displays a brief description of the queue and its contents */
	void displayQ() ;
	}

public class BBQ implements Q {
	/* How many clients can the queue hold */
	private int capacity;
	/* How many clients are already in the queue */
	private int size;
	/* The million dollar question: underlying structure? */
	private String[] q; // let's go with an array
	/* Index position of the back of the q */
	private int b;
	/* Index position of the front of the q */
	private int f;
	/** Default constructor sets capacity to 5 and queue is empty */
	public BBQ() {
	capacity = 5;
	size = 0;
	q = new String[capacity];
	f = b = 0;
	} // default constructor CarWash
	/** Basic constructor */
	public BBQ(int capacity) {
	this.capacity = capacity;
	size = 0;
	q = new String[capacity];
	f = b = 0;
	}
	/** Accessor for size */
	public int getSize() {
	return size;
	}
	/** Accessor for capacity */
	public int getCapacity() { return capacity; }
	/** Accessor for the front of the queue */
	public int getF() { return f; }
	/**
	* Method to add a new arrival to the queue, if there is space.
	* If the addition is successful the method returns true. If the
	* queue is full, the method returns false.
	* @param s value to add to the queue
	* @return true is joining the queue successful; false if q full.
	*/
	public boolean arrival(String s) {
	boolean successfulArrival = false;
	// Make sure there is room in the queue
	if ( size < capacity ) {
	// New arrival goes to the back of the q
	q[b] = s;
	// The back position is updated
	b++;
	// The size of the queue increases.
	size++;
	// And we flag the success!
	successfulArrival = true;
	}
	return successfulArrival;
	} // method arrival
	/**
	* Method to remove element from q.
	* @return True if removal successful; false if q is empty already.
	*/
	public boolean departure() {
	boolean successfulDeparture = false;
	// Make sure q is not empty
	if ( size > 0 ) {
	// Departures are always from the front of the q
	q[0] = null;
	/* Move everyone closer to the front; this is not computationally
	efficient as it runs in O(n) time; however ... for small queues
	with capacity < 30, we can sacrifice efficiency in favor of
	simplicity. Computationally efficient methods to add and remove
	elements from the queue are provided as well, at the bottom of
	this class:
	efficientArrival(String s), and
	efficientDeparture().
	at the end of the class.
	*/
	for ( int i = 0; i < size-1; i++) {
	q[i] = q[i+1];
	}
	// Back of the q also moves forward
	b--;
	// And the corresponding position is cleared
	q[b] = null;
	// Update size
	size--;
	successfulDeparture = true;
	}
	return successfulDeparture;
	} // method departure
	/**
	* Method to display queue description and contents
	*/
	public void displayQ() {
	System.out.println("\nQueue status");
	System.out.printf("Capacity %d, size %d, back at [%d], front at [%d]: \n", q.length, size, b, f);
	for (int i = 0; i < q.length; i++) {
	String element = q[i] == null ? " [ ] " : " [ " + q[i] + " ] " ;
	System.out.print(element);
	}
	System.out.println();
	} // method displayQ
	/** Method for simple queue visualization */
	public void miniDisplayQ() {
	for (int i = 0; i < q.length; i++) {
	String element = q[i] == null ? " " : "#" ;
	System.out.print(element);
	}
	System.out.println();
	} // method miniDisplayQ
	/** Local main for quick testing */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
	BBQ q = new BBQ(4);
	q.displayQ();
	q.arrival("a");
	q.displayQ();
	q.arrival("b");
	q.arrival("c");
	q.arrival("d");
	q.arrival("e");
	q.arrival("f");
	q.arrival("g");
	q.displayQ();
	q.departure();
	q.departure();
	q.displayQ();
	BBQ qq = new BBQ(4);
	qq.efficientArrival("A");
	qq.displayQ();
	qq.efficientArrival("B");
	qq.displayQ();
	qq.efficientArrival("C");
	qq.displayQ();
	qq.efficientArrival("D");
	qq.displayQ();
	qq.efficientArrival("E");
	qq.displayQ();
	qq.efficientDeparture();
	qq.displayQ();
	qq.efficientArrival("E");
	qq.displayQ();
	qq.efficientDeparture();
	qq.displayQ();
	} // method main
	/**
	* Alternative method to add element to queue in O(1) time instead of O(n).
	* If there is room in the queue, the new item is added to the back of the
	* queue and the back position is pushed one element backwards. The % operator
	* ensures that we remain within array bounds. The technique is simpler than
	* it looks: we use the array to hold the items that are in line. We remove
	* from the front of the line (wherever that front may be situated along
	* the array, as indicated by int f) and we add items to the back of the queue
	* (wherever int b points to).
	*
	* In an abundance of caution we should include logic to make sure that as
	* the back of the queue (int b) is moved backwards (b++ % capacity), it does
	* not collide with a position marked by int f. Maybe in a future version ...
	*
	* @param s value of string to add
	* @return true if s is added to the queue; false if there is no room for it.
	*/
	public boolean efficientArrival(String s) {
	boolean successfulArrival = false;
	if ( size < capacity ) {
	successfulArrival = true;
	size++;
	q[b] = s;
	b = (b+1) % capacity;
	}
	return successfulArrival;
	} // method efficientArrival
	/**
	* Method to remove element fron Q consistent with the mapping used by
	* method efficientArrival. Here we set the array element corresponding
	* to the queue departing item to null, and advanced the front of the line
	* to the next position. We use % because, well array bounds.
	* @return true if removal successful; false if there is nothing to remove
	*/
	public boolean efficientDeparture() {
	boolean successfulDeparture = false;
	if ( size > 0 ) {
	successfulDeparture = true;
	size--;
	q[f] = null;
	f = (f+1) % capacity;
	}
	return successfulDeparture;
	} // method efficientDeparture
	}

In the Introduction, Harrison claims that the first data (i.e., the first descriptions) about many languages come from missionaries. Please discuss two things:

• Why do missionaries tend to do linguistic fieldwork that others do not?
• What are the problems, from a cultural/linguistic standpoint, associated with indigenous people’s contact with Christian missionaries?

Write a C++ Program to print the first letter of your first and last name using stars.
Note:
1) Using nested For Loop
2) The number of lines is given by user.
3) Using one Outer loop to print your letters.
4) Print the letters beside each other

Write a java code that first discards as many whitespace characters as necessary until the first non-whitespace character is found. Then, starting from this character, takes an optional initial plus or minus sign followed by as many numerical digits as possible, and interprets them as a numerical value.

The string can contain additional characters after those that form the integral number, which are ignored and have no effect on the behavior of this function.

If the first sequence of non-whitespace characters in str is not a valid integral number, or if no such sequence exists because either str is empty or it contains only whitespace characters, no conversion is performed.

If no valid conversion could be performed, a zero value is returned.

Example 1:

Input: "42"

Output: 42

Example 2:

Input: "   -42"

Output: -42

Explanation: The first non-whitespace character is '-', which is the minus sign. Then take as many numerical digits as possible, which gets 42.

Example 3:

Input: "4193 with words"

Output: 4193

Explanation: Conversion stops at digit '3' as the next character is not a numerical digit.

Example 4:

Input: "words and 987"

Output: 0

Explanation: The first non-whitespace character is 'w', which is not a numerical digit or a +/- sign. Therefore no valid conversion could be performed.

Note 1: When you are testing your code, drop the " around the input values.

Note 2: In this project, you should use the String methods you have learned in this class and implement a loop structure.  

Jamal owns two 10-year bonds that both have a yield to maturity of 4% that pay interest annually. One bond has a 4% coupon and trades at 100% (par). The other bond has a 2% coupon and trades at 83.78%.

1. What is the current yield of the 4% bond?
2. What is the current yield of the 2% bond?
3. If yields in general were to drop by 1% from 4% to 3%, how much would each bond change in price?

4. Which, if either, bond would perform the best in this scenario?