The use of opioid medications and drugs have had a long and storied past in the United States. These drugs are all linked together by the common threat of the opioid poppy. For this assignment, you will put together a creation timeline of the each of the associated opioid drugs commonly used in the United States. In step one of this assignment, you must chronologically order following drugs in a true timeline with the specific year or decade included:

1. Codeine
2. Heroin
3. Methadone
4. Morphine
5. Oxycodone
6. Vicodin

As you order the drugs, please include the following information with each drug:

• Where is each drugs scheduled?
• List the different ways in which the drug can be administered. If there is more than one way to use the drug, list them all.
• What are three of the short term pharmacological symptoms of using each of these drugs?
• What are three symptoms of withdrawal?

Like previous assignments, this timeline should be created using formal language and no slang. As much of this information is not common knowledge you should be citing and providing references in proper APA format. All of the content for this assignment should be contained to one page, with the references being the only information listed on a second page (if need be).

I am still looking for creativity in this assignment like the others – this means color, pictures, and anything else you want to use that makes your assignment stand out. A good idea would be to include pictures of each of the individual drugs. You can create your slide in either portrait or landscape form and then submit it as a PDF document.

Grading Rubric (10 total points)

Victor Von Doom would like to expand his influence outside his home country of Latveria and for this reason plans to launch operations in the United States. He is considering two different plans:

• Plan 1 Sign a contract with the United States military to provide humanoid robotic weapons (Doombots) over the course of the next fifteen years. This would require the creation of a manufacturing plant in the US, which would cost $400,000,000 in initial investment. This plant would require highly-skilled personnel, so labors costs would amount to $5,000,000 every year, adjusted for inflation. In order to keep his creations up to date, an overhaul of the plant will be required every five years, costing a fixed $10,000,000 each time. At the end of the contract, all machinery would be scrapped and sold for $4,000,000. The contract stipulates the US military will pay Dr Doom $80,000,000 each year adjusted yearly for inflation.
• Plan 2 Establish himself as a freelancer offering his services to wealthy individuals such as William Fisk or Justin Hammer. Doing so would not require any initial investment, but every year Dr. Doom would have to organize a big conference (Doomsday) to bring together all of his potential customers. This conference would cost $5,000,000 to run each time, adjusted for inflation. Every three years Dr Doom expects to have to launch a new PR campaign to keep his image fresh in the eyes of the US audience. Each campaign would cost a fixed $1,000,000. This plan would go on for fifteen years, after which Dr Doom will reconsider his next steps. The projected annual revenue from these private contracts is $30,000,000 adjusted for inflation.

The projected inflation over the next fifteen years is 3% and Dr Doom's cost of funds is 12 %. Which option should he choose?

TOPIC: MILTON FRIEDMAN

1. Which of the following statements about the history of conscription before World War II is most accurate? "The United States _________."
a. always had a draft in place, although during a few quite periods it didn't draft anyone.

b. always relied on volunteers, although the threat that Congress might create a draft meant that many volunteers were in fact "reluctant volunteers" trying to get in before the "good" jobs were taken.

c. used the draft in major wars, but relied on volunteers in peacetime and for "smaller wars," such as the Spanish-American war.

d. perversely, relied on draftees for smaller colonial wars such as the Philippine-American war, but relied on volunteers in the major wars, such as the Civil War, which were popular.

2. In the years leading up to the establishment of the all-volunteer army, opponents of an all-volunteer army argued that conscription (drafting soldiers) saved the United States billions of dollars. Economists such as Milton Friedman and Walter Oi countered by claiming that ___.
a. the savings from conscription were merely a transfer from soldiers to taxpayers
b. in fact taxpayers would pay less for an all volunteer army because it would be more efficient
c. although an all-volunteer army was costly it forced the soviets to cough up even more money and so kept us on a par with our enemies
d. although an all-volunteer army was costly, it was a worthwhile investment because it would buy off student radicals.

3. In the early 1970s advocates of the all-volunteer army argued that a draft by lottery would have a higher opportunity cost (economic costs) than an all-volunteer army because _____.
a. taxes would be higher with an all-volunteer army

b. taxes would be lower with an all-volunteer army

c. wages of soldiers would be higher with an all-volunteer army

d. highly skilled workers might be drafted

Barriers to Healthcare for Women and Minorities

Poverty and lack of education are two big barriers to healthcare for women and minorities. Low levels of education are associated with low life expectancies and high mortality rates. People living in poverty often lack education about when, why, and where to access healthcare. There have been various legislative activities in the US to improve public health.

On the basis of your understanding of the access to healthcare facilities and impacts of barriers to healthcare access, answer the following questions:

Explain at least three public health campaigns targeting access to healthcare for women and/or minorities. Describe at least two aspects of their advertising strategies that have addressed income and education.

Abortion has been the subject of numerous legislative activities in the United States. How have various legislations affected low-income and minority women?

Describe the legal battle over birth control devices in the United States. Include how access to healthcare has been affected by the legal decisions.

Describe the legal barriers to healthcare access for low-income immigrant minorities.

Review the articles, "Ethnic and gender disparities in needed adolescent mental health care", and "Overlooked and underserved: Improving the health of men of color". Explain what it means to be "overlooked" by the healthcare system.

Discuss at least two examples that illustrate why minorities are often overlooked in the healthcare system. Do you agree or disagree with these reasons, why or why not?

Despite the fact that school-based psychological counseling is available to all students, Thomas et al., report that ethnic disparities in mental healthcare access and utilization still persist. Explain why this disparity exists. What can be done to decrease mental health access and utilization barriers for low-income and minority students?

What strategies does former U.S. Surgeon General, David Satcher, M.D., discuss that will decrease the potential for minorities to be overlooked by the healthcare system?

Work through the National Budget Simulation ( SEE LINK BELLOW) . in an effort to achieve a budget deficit of $1100B dollars. Scenario: The President of the United States has been elected on the promise of fiscal responsibility. By law he cannot reduce the net interest paid on the debt. The President's budget is projected to leave the country with a $1100B deficit. The United States is subject to global security concerns. At the same time, a lingering recession and financial markets rescue package reduces the government's tax revenues and forces the government to increase its spending on unemployment benefits, welfare, housing assistance, food stamps, and other need-based programs. Because of the increased spending and reduced revenues, the nation falls into a projected deficit of nearly XXX in 2015 (This is the first piece of the information you need to find). The President is committed to keeping his campaign promises in order to avoid future crisis over the US's financial standing. He must raise taxes, cut spending, or a combination of both to stay within his new guideline of a deficit below $1100B. The President turns to you, his trusted economic advisor, for help. (Note: While some events in this scenario reflect actual events, others are hypothetical for the purposes of this exercise. Budget figures in the simulation are actual White House figures of 2012, including spending and revenues of 2012.) Given the information you watch and read in the preceding Module 7 activities, use that background to answer the following questions for discussion. Since the simulation is using 2012 numbers, start off with actual numbers just to inject a sense of reality into this discussion. Research this information from a reliable source and begin your analysis with what you found. Detail your choices for cuts and spending, paying close attention to what you read in the Bowles and Montgomery articles. Finally, analyze the effect your choices will have on the economy.

LINK:

https://archive.econedlink.org/national-budget-simulator.php

A U.S.-based firm is considering a five- year project in Colombia. The following information is available about the project: Initial investment. The initial investment of USD 750,000 is used to purchase capital equipment. This equipment will be depreciated straight line to zero. At the end of five years, the remaining equipment will be sold for Colombian Peso (COP) 12,000,000. Working capital. The investment in working capital is COP 180,000,000. There are no changes in working capital until the end of the project when the full amount is recovered. Units, price, and costs. The firm will produce 1750 units of a product annually. The selling price is expected to be COP 599000 in the first year. This price is expected to increase at a rate of 3 percent annually. The direct expense per unit is expected to be COP 240000 in the first year. This is expected to increase at a rate of 7 percent annually. Indirect expenses are expected to be COP 75,000,000 annually. Taxes and miscellaneous. Colombian taxes on income and capital gains are 33 percent. There are no additional withholding taxes. All cash flows are repatriated when generated, and there are no additional U.S. taxes. The parity conditions are assumed to hold between Colombia and the United States. The
FINC 6367 – International finance Excel Homework Page 2
relevant inflation indexes indicate a rate of 2.5 percent for the United States and 6 percent for Colombia. Spot USDCOP equals 2900. Brady’s USD denominated WACC is 12.5 percent.

a. Calculate COP cash flows.

b. What is the appropriate COP discount rate? Calculate the project NPV.

c. Use parity conditions to generate future spot rates. Calculate the project NPV in USD.

d. Calculate break- even units.

e. Now assume that the COP rate of annual depreciation doesn’t follow parity conditions. What is the break- even rate of depreciation in COP? Assuming the USD inflation is unchanged, what is the COP inflation rate consistent with this break- even depreciation?

2. “I am for fair trade. Clothing workers in Asia work for almost nothing and so the only way that we can have fair trade between these nations and the United States is by imposing tariffs on imports of clothing until the Asian companies pay their workers a decent wage. The tariffs will help us, because we’ll keep jobs in the United States, and they will help Asian workers because the companies will have to pay the workers a living wage.” These statements have a variety of errors. Discuss the mistakes.

3. The government imposes a tariff on imported rice. In a diagram, show the effect on the price and quantity imported.

Answer the following multiple choice questions.

4. Exports ____ consumer surplus in the domestic country and ____ producer surplus in the domestic country.
a. increase; increase
b. decrease; decrease
c. increase; decrease
d. decrease; increase

5. Suppose the country of Atlantica imposes a tariff on foreign-produced cars. As a result,
a. the tariff revenue collected by the government in the Atlantica increases.
b. the number of imported cars increases.
c. Atlantica’s total surplus does not change.
d. Atlantica’s total surplus increases.

6. A business which contends that it needs temporary protection so that it can grow large enough to compete with foreign producers is using an argument known as the
a. growth case for tariffs.
b. social advantages case for tariffs.
c. infant-industry case for tariffs.
d. price fluctuations case for tariffs.

7. A reason for trade protection that most economists support include
a. other countries have lax environmental standards.
b. a poor country cannot spend resources on “green” production techniques.
c. poor countries have low wages and advanced nations cannot compete because their wages are higher.
d. None of the above.

8. The gains from free trade accrue to a ____ number of people and the costs of free trade are imposed on a ____ number of people.
a. small; large
b. large; small
c. small; small
d. large; large

Dollin Inc. is incorporated under Virginia law and has its corporate headquarters in Richmond. Dollin is a distributor; it purchases tangible goods from manufacturers and sells the goods to retailers. It has a branch office through which it sells goods in the United Kingdom and owns 100 percent of a French corporation (French Dollin) through which it sells goods in France. Dollin’s financial records provide the following information for the year:

• Dollin pays state income tax in Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. All three states tax their apportioned share of Dollin’s net income from worldwide sales. Because Virginia is Dollin’s commercial domicile, it also taxes Dollin’s U.S. source (but not foreign source) dividend income net of any federal dividends-received deduction. The states have the following apportionment factors and tax rates:
  

  	Apportionment Factor			Tax Rate
  Virginia	43.19	%		6.00	%
  North Carolina	11.02	%		7.75	%
  South Carolina	39.52	%		5.00	%

• Dollin paid $149,200 income tax to the United Kingdom.
• Dollin elects to claim the foreign tax credit rather than to deduct foreign income taxes.
  Brio Inc. is a taxable U.S. corporation. Dollin owns 2.8 percent of Brio’s stock.
• Dollin has owned 100 percent of the stock of French Dollin for 10 years. None of French Dollin's earnings are considered GILTI or subpart F income.
• Earnings of the UK branch are not considered FDII.
  

1. Compute Dollin’s state income tax for Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina.
2. Compute Dollin’s federal income tax. Assume that Dollin paid the state taxes during the year, and no state income tax is allocable to foreign source income.