2) Additional experiments confirmed that the difference in sequence between the expected genomic sequence and the experimentally determined cDNA sequence is neither due to a replication error nor to a DNA sequencing mistake. One of your coworkers decided to perform 5 independent experiments. In each experiment, the gene was first transcribed and then the transcript was purified and reverse- transcribed to produce double stranded cDNA copies of the gene. Finally, one copy of synthesized cDNA from each independent experiment was sequenced (5 samples sequenced in total). The difference between the cDNA and genomic DNA sequences described in part 1 was found in the 5 sequences. Explain why this result suggested that a transcription error was unlikely responsible for the sequence difference.

When we toss a penny, experience shows that the probability (longterm proportion) of a head is close to 1-in-2. Suppose now that we toss the penny repeatedly until we get a head. What is the probability that the first head comes up in an odd number of tosses (one, three, five, and so on)? To find out, repeat this experiment 50 times, and keep a record of the number of tosses needed to get a head on each of your 50 trials.

(a)

From your experiment, estimate the probability of a head on the first toss. What value should we expect this probability to have?

b)

Use the expected value to estimate the probability that the first head appears on an odd-numbered toss.

A researcher plans to do an experiment in the college setting concerning the effects of class size on attendance in a first year law course. He has four levels of size, namely, 15, 25, 40, and 60 students. Four colleges are involved in the study, each having eight first-year law classes, two of each class size. The researcher can assign students at random to a class within a college. All professors teach four classes; the dependent variable is grades measured after one semester. Discuss the problems of control in this situation. Consider possible uncontrolled variables and variables that are or might be controlled. Is there a possibility of confounding variables in this research situation? State one or more hypotheses for this experiment.

In a physics lab students are conducting an experiment to learn about the heat capacity of different materials. The first group is instructed to add 1.5-g copper pellets at a temperature of 92°C to 235 g of water at 16°C. A second group is given the same number of 1.5-g pellets as the first group, but these are now aluminum pellets. Assume that no heat is lost to or gained from the surroundings for either group.

(a) If the final equilibrium temperature of the copper pellets and water is 23°C, how many whole pellets did the first group use in the experiment? The specific heat of copper is 0.0924 kcal/(kg · °C).

(b) What is the equilibrium temperature of the aluminum and water mixture for the second group?

Charis conducted an experiment to study the pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) relationship in van der Waals equation of state of an unknown gas W. The experimental results were recorded in Table 3.1. Table 3.1: PVT relationship of gas W Temperature (˚C) Pressure (atm) Molar volume (ft3/lb-mole) 0 20.12 8 30 13.38 25 (a) Prove that the value of constant a = 2158.86 atm. (ft3/lb-mole)2 and determine the value of b (in ft3/lb-mole) using all the data in Table 3.1. (b) If the critical pressure, Pc of the gas is 45 atm, determine the best possible gas W in the experiment based on Table B.1 in the text book.

A gas chromatogram of the organic components of a sample of beer using a column that separates compounds on the basis of their relative boiling points provides a GC trace with several peaks. Two of the smaller peaks, with retention times of 9.56 and 16.23 minutes, are believed to be ethyl acetate and ethyl butyrate, respectively.

a. From the above information, which component of the sample, ethyl acetate or ethyl butyrate, elutes faster? What are the reported boiling points of these two substances?

b. What GC experiment(s) could you perform to confirm the identity of the peaks at 9.56 and 16.23 minutes?

c. Suggest two ways in which you could adjust the conditions of the experiment so as to reduce the retention time for all components in the sample.

Exercise 5.5. Zavier Company must make three adjusting entries on December 31, 2016.

1. Supplies used, $11,000; (supplies totaling $18,000 were purchased on December 1, 2016, and debited to the Supplies account).
2. Expired insurance, $8,200; on December 1, 2016, the firm paid $49,200 for six months’ insurance coverage in advance and debited Prepaid Insurance for this amount.
3. Depreciation expense for equipment, $5,800.

Make the journal entries for these adjustments and post the entries to the general ledger accounts: Use paid 3 of the general journal for the adjusting entries. Use the following accounts and numbers.

            Supplies                                  121

            Prepaid Insurance                131

            Accum. Depr. – Equip.         142

            Depreciation Exp. – Equip. 517

            Insurance Expense                521

            Supplies Expense                  523

Using Percentage-of-Completion and Completed Contract Methods

Halsey Building Company signed a contract to build an office building for $40,000,000. The scheduled construction costs follow.

The building is completed in 2018.
For each year, compute the revenue, expense, and gross profit reported for this construction project using each of the following methods.

a. Percentage-of-completion method

b. Completed contract method

1. Suppose you are asked to select a sample of Hampshire County 2016 single family home prices in order to estimate the 2017 mean price of homes in Hampshire County. Your firm uses the mean price when doing market analysis for the homes they list. The standard deviation for 2016 home prices was $50,000. Your firm wants a margin of error no larger than $15,000. Assuming the 2017 standard deviation will be equal to the 2016 standard deviation:

a. What size sample should you draw if you want a 95% level of confidence?

2. Because the population mean and standard deviation are unknown, you will need to use t‐values to create the confidence intervals. What are the appropriate t‐values for a:

a. 95% confidence interval?