Part I

Define the following ethical perspectives in your own words. A minimum of three sources must be utilized and cited properly with in-text citations and a reference list. Avoid using direct quotes. If you summarize or paraphrase information in your own words, you must cite sources to provide credit for the ideas and concepts.

A = Rule utilitarianism
B = Kantian ethics
C = Virtue ethics
D = Care ethics
E = Social contract ethics
F = Subjective relativism
G = Cultural relativism
H = Divine command theory
I = Act utilitarianism

Part II

Determine which ethical perspective above is primarily reflected in each of the ten arguments below and explain why. A minimum of three sources must be utilized and cited properly with in-text citations and in the reference list. Avoid using direct quotes. If you summarize or paraphrase information in your own words, you must cite sources to provide credit for the ideas and concepts.

1. Margarita spoke with her family and they all agreed that they would let her take the medication that would allow her to die peacefully instead of in pain.
2. Souerette watched over the children in the daycare meticulously. She knew which children she could trust alone because of their behaviors with each other.
3. He does not have the right character and temperament to be a state governor. He avoided service by faking a medical condition, he rarely tells the truth, he eats and drinks too much, and he has little patience with people.
4. Patient autonomy and free choice are morally correct.
5. I believe that it is perfectly fine to lie about some things.
6. Wearing a mask when engaging with the public is the right decision because it protects the welfare of those in your community.

Mars Climate Orbiter engineering failure vs very  successful  Mars Exploration Rovers missions

Investigate the failed Mars Climate Orbiter mission by doing your own on line research and by reading pages 160-161 in the textbook(engneering fundemental by Saeed Moaveni) in advance of the lecture on chapter 6. Write a 2-page paper that summarizes what happened. In this paper explain the follow-on precautions that were taken to prevent a re-occurrence of the same issues, which led to the three enormously successful Mars Exploration Rovers - Spirit and Opportunity and the recent Curiosity Rover Mission. Explain how the Spirit and Opportunity missions and the Curiosity Rover mission compared to the Mars Climate Orbiter mission from an engineering perspective, especially relating to Chapter 6 in the textbook. (We will have just covered Chapter 6 the day the assignment is due, but just consider the importance of correct engineering units, as we have already discussed in class). DO NOT WAIT TO BEGIN YOUR WRITE-UP until we cover Chapter 6 on 10/4!!! Also consider other key engineering issues studied in the Chapters 1-5 including engineering ethics, engineering communications, and engineering design. Give specific examples in all cases that identifies the engineering practices that worked along with those that did not work (and why). Include a MLA-formatted reference list and in-text citations. If you are unfamiliar with MLA see this site for help. The MLA source list does not count towards the 2-page write-up page limit. You should cite the textbook and the on line sources included in the assignment, plus any others that you use. Use the proper MLA format for on line sources and textbooks and in-text citations.

Inverness Steel Corporation is a producer of flat-rolled carbon, stainless and electrical steels, and tubular products. The company's income statement for the 2018 fiscal year reported the following information ($ in millions):

The company's balance sheets for 2018 and 2017 included the following information ($ in millions):

The statement of cash flows reported bad debt expense for 2018 of $6 million. The summary of significant accounting policies included the following notes ($ in millions):

Accounts Receivable (in part)
The allowance for uncollectible accounts was $8 and $5 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. All sales are on credit.

Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. The cost of the majority of inventories is measured using the last in, first out (LIFO) method. Other inventories are measured principally at average cost and consist mostly of foreign inventories and certain raw materials. If the entire inventory had been valued on an average cost basis, inventory would have been higher by $570 and $420 at the end of 2018 and 2017, respectively.
During 2018, 2017, and 2016, liquidation of LIFO layers generated income of $9, $10, and $28, respectively.

Required:
1. Determine the amount of accounts receivable Inverness wrote off during 2018. (Enter your answer in millions.)
2. Calculate the amount of cash collected from customers during 2018. (Enter your answer in millions.)
3. Calculate what cost of goods sold would have been for 2018 if the company had used average cost to value its entire inventory. (Enter your answer in millions.)
4. Calculate the receivables turnover ratio, the inventory turnover ratio, and the gross profit ratio for 2018. (Round "Receivables turnover ratio" and "Inventory turnover ratio" answers to 2 decimal places. Round "Gross profit ratio" answer to nearest percent (i.e., 0.123 needs to be entered as 12%).)

Arlington Corporation's financial statements (dollars and shares are in millions) are provided here.

Enter your answers in millions. For example, an answer of $25,000,000,000 should be entered as 25,000. Round your answers to the nearest whole number, if necessary.

1. What was net operating working capital for 2017 and 2018? Assume that all cash is excess cash; i.e., this cash is not needed for operating purposes.

   2017	$    million
   2018	$    million

   
   
2. What was Arlington's 2018 free cash flow?
   
   $    million
   
3. Construct Arlington's 2018 statement of stockholders' equity.

   Statement of Stockholders' Equity, 2018
   	Common Stock		Retained Earnings	Total Stockholders' Equity
   	Shares	Amount
   Balances, 12/31/17	million	$    million	$    million	$    million
   2018 Net Income			million
   Cash Dividends			million
   Addition to retained earnings				million
   Balances, 12/31/18	million	$    million	$    million	$    million

4. What was Arlington's 2018 EVA? Assume that its after-tax cost of capital is 10%. Round your answer to two decimal places.
   
   $    million
5. 
   
6. What was Arlington's MVA at year-end 2018? Assume that its stock price at December 31, 2018 was $25. Round your answer to two decimal places.
   
   $    million

A lot of 100 items contains 10% which are defective and 90% nondefective. Two are chosen at random. Let A = {the first item non defective}, B = {the second item non defective}. Find P(B) and show P(B) = P(A). Why is this?

Question 26 Why are non-point sources of water pollution harder to control then point sources? Give an example of a point source and an example of a non-point source of water pollution.  Describe with details how the dead zone in the Gulf of Mexico forms. .

As an auditor, you are asked to audit a small non-profit (cash basis). Present what you would do to audit the cash records of a small non-profit audit client. Explain the steps to audit the company and why those steps are important.