The Best of Italy Pizza Restaurant make pizza for in-house and on-line customers. The company has two direct-cost categories: direct materials and direct manufacturing labor. Variable manufacturing overhead is allocated to products on the basis of standard direct manufacturing labor-hours. Following is some budget data for the Best of Italy Pizza:

The Best of Italy Pizza Company provides the following additional data for the year ended December 31, 2019:

The Best of Italy Company also allocates fixed manufacturing overhead to products on the basis of standard direct manufacturing labor-hours. For 2019, fixed manufacturing overhead was budgeted at $3.00 per direct manufacturing labor-hour. Actual fixed manufacturing overhead incurred during the year was $73,000.

Required:

1.      Prepare a variance analysis of variable manufacturing overhead.

2.      Discuss the variances you have calculated and give possible explanations for them.

3.      Prepare a variance analysis of fixed manufacturing overhead cost.

4.      Is fixed overhead under-allocated or over-allocated? By what amount?

5.      Comment on your results. Discuss the variances and explain what may be driving them.

1. Suppose that in manufacturing a very sensitive electronic component, a company and its customers have tolerated a 2% defective rate. Recently, however, several customers have been complaining that there seem to be more defectives than in the past. Given that the company has made recent modifications to its manufacturing process, it is wondering if in fact the defective rate has increased from 2%. For quality assurance purposes, you decide to randomly select 1,000 of these electronic components before they are shipped to customers. Of the 1,000 components, you find 25 that are defective. Assume that the company produces a very large number of these components on any given day. ( please type response if possible, written responses can be difficult to read)

1. (1 point) Set up an appropriate hypothesis to test whether or not the defect rate has increased.

2. (1 point) Before proceeding to test your hypothesis, check that all assumptions and conditions are satisfied for such a test.

3. (2 points) Conduct the test using a .05 level of significance (alpha) and state your decision about whether or not you believe that the defect rate has increased.

4. (1 point) What would be the minimum number of defectives in a random sample of 1,000 would you need to find in order to statistically decide that the defect rate exceeds .02 (again, assuming a .05 level of significance).            

Raintree Cosmetic Company sells its products to customers on a credit basis. An adjusting entry for bad debt expense is recorded only at December 31, the company’s fiscal year-end. The 2017 balance sheet disclosed the following:

During 2018, credit sales were $1,785,000, cash collections from customers $1,865,000, and $42,000 in accounts receivable were written off. In addition, $3,700 was collected from a customer whose account was written off in 2017. An aging of accounts receivable at December 31, 2018, reveals the following:

Required:

1. Prepare summary journal entries to account for the 2018 write-offs and the collection of the receivable previously written off.
2. Prepare the year-end adjusting entry for bad debts according to each of the following situations:

Bad debt expense is estimated to be 2% of credit sales for the year.

Bad debt expense is estimated by computing net realizable value of the receivables. The allowance for uncollectible accounts is estimated to be 10% of the year-end balance in accounts receivable.

Bad debt expense is estimated by computing net realizable value of the receivables. The allowance for uncollectible accounts is determined by an aging of accounts receivable.

3. For situations (a)–(c) in requirement 2 above, what would be the net amount of accounts receivable reported in the 2018 balance sheet?

Raintree Cosmetic Company sells its products to customers on a credit basis. An adjusting entry for bad debt expense is recorded only at December 31, the company’s fiscal year-end. The 2017 balance sheet disclosed the following:

During 2018, credit sales were $1,795,000, cash collections from customers $1,875,000, and $44,000 in accounts receivable were written off. In addition, $3,900 was collected from a customer whose account was written off in 2017. An aging of accounts receivable at December 31, 2018, reveals the following:

Required:

1. Prepare summary journal entries to account for the 2018 write-offs and the collection of the receivable previously written off.
2. Prepare the year-end adjusting entry for bad debts according to each of the following situations:

Bad debt expense is estimated to be 4% of credit sales for the year.

Bad debt expense is estimated by computing net realizable value of the receivables. The allowance for uncollectible accounts is estimated to be 10% of the year-end balance in accounts receivable.

Bad debt expense is estimated by computing net realizable value of the receivables. The allowance for uncollectible accounts is determined by an aging of accounts receivable.

3. For situations (a)–(c) in requirement 2 above, what would be the net amount of accounts receivable reported in the 2018 balance sheet?

Raintree Cosmetic Company sells its products to customers on a credit basis. An adjusting entry for bad debt expense is recorded only at December 31, the company’s fiscal year-end. The 2020 balance sheet disclosed the following:

During 2021, credit sales were $1,780,000, cash collections from customers $1,860,000, and $41,000 in accounts receivable were written off. In addition, $3,600 was collected from a customer whose account was written off in 2020. An aging of accounts receivable at December 31, 2021, reveals the following:

Required:
1. Prepare summary journal entries to account for the 2021 write-offs and the collection of the receivable previously written off.
2. Prepare the year-end adjusting entry for bad debts according to each of the following situations:

1. Bad debt expense is estimated to be 4% of credit sales for the year.
2. Bad debt expense is estimated by adjusting the allowance for uncollectible accounts to the balance that reduces the carrying value of accounts receivable to the amount of cash expected to be collected. The allowance for uncollectible accounts is estimated to be 10% of the year-end balance in accounts receivable.
3. Bad debt expense is estimated by adjusting the allowance for uncollectible accounts to the balance that reduces the carrying value of accounts receivable to the amount of cash expected to be collected. The allowance for uncollectible accounts is determined by an aging of accounts receivable.

3. For situations (a)−(c) in requirement 2 above, what would be the net amount of accounts receivable reported in the 2021 balance sheet?

Early the following year (2020), the Company is told that one of its customers declared bankruptcy & cannot pay the $8,000 it owes. The $8,000 was part of the Company’s Accounts Receivable balance at December 31, 2019 (see preceding fact pattern immediately above). Prepare the adjusting journal entry to write off the $8,000 receivable (Remember, the Company uses the Allowance Method).

The Bartonia Company manufactures grommets in Georgia and sell them directly to industrial customers in Georgia, Florida, and South Carolina. The company’s profit for last year was $20,000,000. The company has its manufacturing plant and headquarters in Georgia, warehouses in South Carolina and Florida, and sales forces in each state. Here are some of its financial statistics:

1. Suppose each state uses a simple three-factor apportionment formula. What share of company profit would each state tax?

2. Make that same calculation, but suppose each state double-weights the sales factor.

3. Make the calculation with each using only the sales factor.

4. Assume now that GA adopts the single sales factor and the other states use double-weighted sales.

5. Assume now that South Carolina adopts the single sales factor and the other states use double-weighted sales.

6. Explain why manufacturing firms in some states have pressed for use of the single sales factor. Why have nationwide business organizations not made this switch an issue?

Please answer all parts.

Raintree Cosmetic Company sells its products to customers on a credit basis. An adjusting entry for bad debt expense is recorded only at December 31, the company’s fiscal year-end. The 2017 balance sheet disclosed the following: Current assets: Receivables, net of allowance for uncollectible accounts of $47,000 $ 517,000 During 2018, credit sales were $1,835,000, cash collections from customers $1,915,000, and $56,000 in accounts receivable were written off. In addition, $4,700 was collected from a customer whose account was written off in 2017. An aging of accounts receivable at December 31, 2018, reveals the following: Percentage of Year-End Percent Age Group Receivables in Group Uncollectible 0–60 days 65 % 4 % 61–90 days 15 10 91–120 days 15 30 Over 120 days 5 50 Required: 1. Prepare summary journal entries to account for the 2018 write-offs and the collection of the receivable previously written off. 2. Prepare the year-end adjusting entry for bad debts according to each of the following situations: Bad debt expense is estimated to be 3% of credit sales for the year. Bad debt expense is estimated by computing net realizable value of the receivables. The allowance for uncollectible accounts is estimated to be 10% of the year-end balance in accounts receivable. Bad debt expense is estimated by computing net realizable value of the receivables. The allowance for uncollectible accounts is determined by an aging of accounts receivable. 3. For situations (a)–(c) in requirement 2 above, what would be the net amount of accounts receivable reported in the 2018 balance sheet?

QUESTION 2

Salju Bhd is a company that specialised in producing office furnishings for industry-customers as well as for walk-in customers. The furnishings are grouped based on its materials. The following information is available from the company’s inventory records as at 31 December 2017.

Inventories are recorded at their cost. However, due to the market intense competition and declining in demand for company’s product, the operation of Salju Bhd has also affected and its inventory has declined in value. Salju Bhd has taken an approach to follow the practice of valuing its inventory at the Lower of Cost or Net Realisable Value (LCNRV) method. Salju applies the loss method and uses an Allowance Account to record for the write down of the inventory to net realisable value.

REQUIRED:

(Round your answers to the nearest RM)

1. Assuming that Salju Bhd applies the LCNRV rule to each major groups of furniture. Determine the following items as at 31 December 2017:

1. Net Realisable Value (NRV) per major group,
2. Lower-of-Cost-or-NRV (LCNRV) per major group, and
3. The final amount of inventory.

2. Prepare the journal entry at 31 December 2017 to account for the write-down of the inventory to NRV. Assuming the use of a perpetual inventory system.
3. Show a partial of Salju Bhd statement of financial position as at 31 December 2017 to present the information on its inventory.
4. Assuming that at the year-end 2017, the account of Allowance to Reduce Inventory to NRV had a credit balance of RM300,000. For the financial year end 2017, determine the amount of the gain or loss that would be recorded due to the change in Allowance to Reduce Inventory at Net Realisable Value. Prepare the related journal entry.

e. Explain how the application of LCNRV approach may result inconsistency in terms of its inventory measurement.