Case 4-1 Bessrawl Corporation

Bessrawl Corporation is a U.S.-based company that prepares its consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The company reported income in 2014 of $1,000,000 and stockholders’ equity at December 31, 2014, of $8,000,000.

The CFO of Bessrawl has learned that the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission is considering requiring U.S. companies to use IFRS in preparing consolidated financial statements. The company wishes to determine the impact that a switch to IFRS would have on its financial statements and has engaged you to prepare a reconciliation of income and stockholders’ equity from U.S. GAAP to IFRS. You have identified the following five areas in which Bessrawl’s accounting principles based on U.S. GAAP differ from IFRS.

1.Inventory

2. Property, plant, and equipment

3.Intangible assets

4. Research and development costs

5.Sale-and-leaseback transaction

Bessrawl provides the following information with respect to each of these accounting differences.

Inventory

At year-end 2014, inventory had a historical cost of $250,000, a replacement cost of $180,000, a net realizable value of $190,000, and a normal profit margin of 20 percent.

Property, Plant, and Equipment

The company acquired a building at the beginning of 2013 at a cost of $2,750,000. The building has an estimated useful life of 25 years, an estimated residual value of $250,000, and is being depreciated on a straight-line basis. At the beginning of 2014, the building was appraised and determined to have a fair value of $3,250,000. There is no change in estimated useful life or residual value. In a switch to IFRS, the company would use the revaluation model in IAS 16 to determine the carrying value of property, plant, and equipment subsequent to acquisition.

Intangible Assets

As part of a business combination in 2011, the company acquired a brand with a fair value of $40,000. The brand is classified as an intangible asset with an indefinite life. At year-end 2014, the brand is determined to have a selling price of $35,000 with zero cost to sell. Expected future cash flows from continued use of the brand are $42,000, and the present value of the expected future cash flows is $34,000.

Research and Development Costs

The company incurred research and development costs of $200,000 in 2014. Of this amount, 40 percent related to development activities subsequent to the point 178 at which criteria had been met indicating that an intangible asset existed. As of the end of the 2014, development of the new product had not been completed.

Sale-and-Leaseback

In January 2012, the company realized a gain on the sale-and-leaseback of an office building in the amount of $150,000. The lease is accounted for as an operating lease, and the term of the lease is five years.

Required

Prepare a reconciliation schedule to convert 2014 income and December 31, 2014, stockholders’ equity from a U.S. GAAP basis to IFRS. Ignore income taxes. Prepare a note to explain each adjustment made in the reconciliation schedule.

Assume that Trump is re-elected President. Analyze the impact of this event on the China-US trade dispute. Your answer will have two parts a) Discuss the method/framework that you are using to perform the analysis. b) Using the method that you described above, quantify the impact on China’s exports and imports from the US.Assume that Biden is elected President. Analyze the impact of this event on China-US trade dispute. Your answer will have two parts a) Discuss the method/framework that you are using to perform the analysis. b) Using the method that you described above, quantify the impact on China’s exports and imports from the US

On June 30, 2020, Ivanhoe Company issued $3,810,000 face value of 16%, 20-year bonds at $4,956,520, a yield of 12%. Ivanhoe uses the effective-interest method to amortize bond premium or discount. The bonds pay semiannual interest on June 30 and December 31.

(a)

Partially correct answer iconYour answer is partially correct.

Prepare the journal entries to record the following transactions. (Round answer to 0 decimal places, e.g. 38,548. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts. Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually.)

AZA Company purchased a machine on July 1, 2019. The machine cost $400,000 and has an estimated residual value of $40,000. The expected useful life is 8 years. The machine is to be used for 100,000 machine hours. AZA’s year end is December 31. Required:

a. Calculate the depreciation expense for 2019 and 2020 using the straight-line method. Also list the Accumulated Depreciation Balances at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2020.

b. Calculate the depreciation expense for 2019 and 2020 using the units-of-production method. The machine was used for 8,000 machine hours in 2019 and 23,000 machine hours in 2020.

c. Calculate the depreciation expense for 2019 and 2020 using the double-declining-balance method.

d. Determine the book value of the machine at December 31, 2019 under the (a) straight-line method and (b) units-of-production, and (c) double-declining-balance method.

e. Write the journal entry for recording depreciation expense for year ended December 31, 2019 using the double declining balance depreciation method.

Oak Creek Company is preparing its master budget for 2020. Relevant data pertaining to its sales, production, and direct materials budgets are as follows.

Sales: Sales for the year are expected to total 1,000,000 units. Quarterly sales are 20%, 25%, 25%, and 30%, respectively. The sales price is expected to be $40 per unit for the first three quarters and $46 per unit beginning in the fourth quarter. Sales in the first quarter of 2021 are expected to be 10% higher than the budgeted sales for the first quarter of 2020.

Production: Management desires to maintain the ending finished goods inventories at 20% of the next quarter's budgeted sales volume.

Direct materials: Each unit requires 2 kg of raw materials at a cost of $10 per kilogram. Management desires to maintain raw materials inventories at 10% of the next quarter's production requirements. Assume the production requirements for the first quarter of 2021 are 630,000 kg.

1. Prepare the sales budget by quarters for 2020.

2. Prepare the production budget by quarters for 2020.

3. Prepare the direct materials budget by quarters for 2020.

Problem 4

Rent A Car, Inc. (RAC) purchased 100 vehicles on January 1, 2020, spending $2 million plus 11 percent total sales tax for a total cost of $2,220,000. RAC expects to use the vehicles for five years and then sell them for approximately $360,000. RAC anticipates the following average vehicle use over each year ended December 31:

To finance the purchase, RAC borrowed $1.8 million by signing a 6% promissory note.  The note is to be repaid in full by December 31, 2024.  On December 31 of each year, RAC makes one payment on the installment note comprising blended interest and principal components.  The amortization schedule for the note is presented below.  RAC has a December 31 year-end.  The company does not make monthly adjustments, but rather makes adjusting entries every quarter.

The note carries loan covenants that require RAC to maintain a minimum times interest earned ratio of 3.0. RAC forecasts that the company will generate the following sales and preliminary earnings (prior to recording depreciation on the vehicles and interest on the note). For purposes of this question, ignore income tax.

Required:

1. Assuming the company makes the required annual payments on December 31, use the amortization schedule to determine:
   1. The amount of the annual payment                                                           
   2. The total interest and principal paid over the note’s life                           

2. What portion of the Note Payable balance would be reported as current versus noncurrent on the December 31, 2021, balance sheet? Fill-in the two blanks below.

Note Payable, Current $                                              

Note Payable, Noncurrent                                          

3. Calculate the depreciation expense that would be recorded in 2020 and 2021, using the (a) straight-line, (b) double-declining balance, and (c) units-of-production depreciation method. [5 marks]

                                                                                                2020                            2021    

a) straight line:

b) double-declining balance:

c) units-of-production:

4. Using the information provided and your answers to requirement 3, determine net income and the loan covenant ratio in 2020 and 2021, assuming the company chooses the (a) straight-line, (b) double-declining-balance, and (c) units-of-production depreciation method. [6 marks]

                                                                                                2020                            2021    

a) straight line:

Net Income =

Times Interest Earned Ratio =

b) double-declining balance:

Net Income =

Times Interest Earned Ratio =

c) units-of-production:

Net Income =

Times Interest Earned Ratio =

5. Using your answers to requirement 4, indicate whether the loan covenant would be violated under the (a) straight-line, (b) double-declining-balance, and (c) units-of-production depreciation method.
6. If the loan covenant is violated at any point in requirement 5, what can the company do to make sure they are not offside?

Consolidation spreadsheet for continuous sale of inventory - Equity method
Assume that a parent company acquired a subsidiary on January 1, 2016. The purchase price was $600,000 in excess of the subsidiary’s book value of Stockholders’ Equity on the acquisition date, and that excess was assigned to the following AAP assets:

The AAP assets with a definite useful life have been amortized as part of the parent’s equity method accounting. The Goodwill asset has been tested annually for impairment, and has not been found to be impaired.

Assume that the parent company sells inventory to its wholly owned subsidiary. The subsidiary, ultimately, sells the inventory to customers outside of the consolidated group. You have compiled the following data for the years ending 2018 and 2019:

The inventory not remaining at the end of the year has been sold to unaffiliated entities outside of the consolidated group. The parent uses the equity method to account for its Equity Investment.

The financial statements of the parent and its subsidiary for the year ended December 31, 2019, follow in part d below.

a. Show the computation to yield the pre-consolidation $80,400 Income loss from subsidiary reported by the parent during 2019.

b. Show the computation to yield the Equity Investment balance of $1,152,000 reported by the parent at December 31, 2019.

c. Prepare the consolidation entries for the year ended December 31, 2019.

d. Prepare the consolidation spreadsheet for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Duval Company acquired a machine on January 1, 2018, that costs $2,700 and has an estimated residual value of $200. Required a) Complete the following schedule for 2019 using: A) straight-line, B) units-ofproduction, C) double declining-balance Method Estimated Useful Life or Units Depreciation Expense for 2019 Accumulated Depreciation at 12/31/2019 A SL 5 years B UOP 10,000 units (estimated total) 1,000 units (actual year 2018) 1,200 units (actual year 2019) C DB 5 years b) Duval estimates the future cash flows from the asset (fair value) to be equal to $1,500. Using the straight-line method, at the end of 2019, what is the result of the impairment test?

Parnell Company acquired construction equipment on January 1, 2017, at a cost of $75,200. The equipment was expected to have a useful life of five years and a residual value of $11,000 and is being depreciated on a straight-line basis. On January 1, 2018, the equipment was appraised and determined to have a fair value of $70,600, a salvage value of $11,000, and a remaining useful life of four years. In measuring property, plant, and equipment subsequent to acquisition under IFRS, Parnell would opt to use the revaluation model in IAS 16.

Assume that a U.S.–based company is issuing securities to foreign investors who require financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS. Thus, adjustments to convert from U.S. GAAP to IFRS must be made. Ignore income taxes.

Required:

1. Prepare journal entries for this equipment for the years ending December 31, 2017, and December 31, 2018, under (1) U.S. GAAP and (2) IFRS.

2. Prepare the entry(ies) that Parnell would make on the December 31, 2018 conversion worksheet to convert U.S. GAAP balances to IFRS.