Without drawing out correlation diagrams in detail for each 2^nd period homonuclear diatomic molecule separately please show how simple MO theory explains the trends observed in the properties of these molecules shown in the graph. Recall that there are two different energy level orderings, one for Li₂ through N₂ and a different one for O₂ and F₂. You might wish to draw these out separately and write out the electron configurations to explain your answer. Please include the ions in your response.

For this assignment you will compose a essay about the concept of chemical incompatibility including practical information involving two chemical products.

Choose bleach (a base ) and another household chemical product that is a acid and review the product labels. you can access product labels and safety data sheets information on the internet

Record each products chemical information

Review Section 7 of the product SDS and summarize the information as it relates to chemical incompatibility and the storage of bleach and another product you choose.

Next you will use the US EPA chemical mixing chart

1.     Oxaloacetate can be converted into several different metabolic compounds. Briefly discuss each one, and include whether that is part of a catabolic or anabolic pathway.

2.     There are several allosteric regulators of pyruvate carboxylase. For each one, explain the following:

o   Is this molecule an allosteric activator or allosteric inhibitor?

o   Why does it make sense that it would regulate the enzyme in that way?

o   Does this inhibitor/activator stabilize the R state or T state of the enzyme?

Acetyl CoA

Aspartate

3.     Draw a Michaelis Menten graph to represent normal pyruvate carboxylase kinetics. Explain why you drew things as you did.

A deficiency in pyruvate carboxylase is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error in metabolism. The most severe form is called Type B or French phenotype

4. Explain why a deficiency in pyruvate carboxylase would result in the following metabolic issues:

o   State the specific pathway(s) that produces the condition. For example, answer glycolysis instead of just glucose metabolism.

o   Explain why this pathway would be involved during pyruvate carboxylase deficiency.

a.     Lactic acidemia, with an elevated lactate to pyruvate ratio

b.     Ketoacidosis

c.      Hypoglycemia

d.     Hyperammonemia

e.     Hypercitrullinemia

A milder form of the disease is Type A. These individuals only have mild lactic acidemia and psychomotor retardation and live longer, though some die within a few years. One of the mutations that causes Type A is a mutation from Alanine to Threonine at amino acid 610, located within the pyruvate binding domain

5.     Draw the predominant form of the amino acids alanine and threonine at the following pH values.

pH 7: alanine and threonine

pH 4: alanine and threonine

6.     What non-covalent interactions can each amino acid participate in, as part of tertiary structure at pH 7?

Suggest one amino acid whose side chain can participate in a non-covalent interaction with the side chain of alanine, and one amino acid whose side chain can participate in a non-covalent interaction with the side chain of threonine.

Include an explanation of the charges involved in the interaction: full or partial charges? Are the charges permanent or temporary?

Alanine

Threonine

7.     Let’s assume that this amino acid is on the surface of the protein. Would you expect this mutation (alanine mutated to threonine), to have any effect on the three-dimensional shape of the protein? Explain your reasoning.

8.     What is your topic of choice? A topic could be a metabolic pathway, a disease, an enzyme, a biochemical principle (ex. hydrophobic effect, enzyme properties), a thermodynamic principle (ex. Entropy), etc.

a.      What is the topic and why did you choose this topic?

To learn more about the topic, consult your textbook and also find 2 references (primary or secondary) published in the last 10 years and write a paragraph. Cite your sources.

b.     Why would this topic be of interest to non-science majors? Explain how would you teach a key idea to someone who does not have a science background. Your answer should include what you would actually say to that person. You may include images (cite sources)

c.      Suppose you have a friend who is a science major and must take this course next semester. How would you explain a key idea of your topic to that friend? Your answer should include what you would actually say to that friend. Images can be posted too.

Consider the following set of requirements for a UNIVERSITY database that is used to keep track of students' transcripts.

(a) The university keeps track of each student's name, student number, social security number, current address and phone, permanent address and phone, birthdate, sex, class (freshman, sophomore, ..., graduate), major department, minor department (if any), and degree program (B.A., B.S., ..., Ph.D.). Some user applications need to refer to the city, state, and zip of the student's permanent address, and to the student's last name. Both social security number and student number have unique values for each student.

(b) Each department is described by a name, department code, office number, office phone, and college. Both name and code have unique values for each department. Each department has a faculty as a Chair to manage it.

(c) Each course has a course name, description, course number, number of semester hours, level, and offering department. The value of course number is unique for each course.

(d) Each section has an instructor, semester, year, course, and section number. The section number distinguishes different sections of the same course that are taught during the same semester/year; its values are 1, 2, 3, ..., up to the number of sections taught during each semester.

(e) A grade report has a student, section, letter grade, and numeric grade (0, 1, 2, 3,

4 for F, D, C, B, A, respectively).

(f) The database keeps track of each faculty’s name, faculty ID, SSN, address, email and office location.

(g) Each course section will have a faculty assigned as instructor.

(h) Each College controls several departments. Each College is described by a name, college ID and college office location. A faculty assigned as a Dean to manage a college.

Draw an ER diagram based on the requirement described here.

You should draw entity types, attributes and relationships in the ER diagram [10 points].

Specify key attributes of each entity type [2 points].

Use hierarchy structure to represent composite attributes. Use double lined oval to represent multi-value attributes [2 points].

An incompressible fluid is flowing through a vertical pipe with a constriction. The wide section is 2.00 cm in diameter and is at the top of the pipe. The pressure of the fluid in the wide section at the top is 200 kPa. The velocity of the fluid in the wide section is 4.00 m/s. The narrow section is located 4.00 m below the wide section. What is the diameter of the narrow section for the pressure of the fluid in the narrow section to equal the pressure in the wide section? (density of the fluid is 1,000 kg/m³)

Please read the case provided below and answer the following question:

Red Bull- Waking a New Market

Little did Austrian business man Dietrich Mateschitz suspect when he visited Bangkok, Thailand in the early 1980’s his trip would launch not only a new product but also a new product category. Mateschitz international marketing director for Blendax a German tooth paste producer encountered Krating Daeng, “tonic syrup” that Red Bull Beverage Company had been marketing in Thailand for years. Mateschitz discovered that one glass of the product eliminated his Jet lag.

Returning to Austria, Mateschitz began a three year product development process that included developing the drinks image, packaging, and marketing strategy. In 1987 he obtained the marketing rights for Red Bull (the translated Thai name) from the Thai company and launched his marketing strategy.

Although marketers credit Red Bull with creating the “energy drink” category, the pursuit of drinks to enhance performance and well being is not new. Back in 1886 some folks in Atlanta introduced a product they called “Cocoa- Cola” that had extracts from cola nuts and coca leaves and advertised it as an “esteemed brain tonic and intellectual beverage”.

Red Bull is slightly carbonated drink that comes in a slender aluminum can that holds 8.3 ounces. The label indicates that it has 110 calories, 0 grams of fat, 200 milligrams of sodium, 28 grams of carbohydrates, 27 grams of sugar, and less than one gram of protein. Ingredients include sucrose, glucose, sodium citrate, taurine, glucurono-lactone, caffeine inositol, niacinamide, calcium –pantotheate, pyridoxine HCL, Vitamin B12, and artificial flavors and colors, all mixed in carbonated water.

Sounds delicious, don’t you think? Well that is part of the problem. Each of energy drinks ingredients has a specific purpose- but each has its own taste, and in some cases an after taste. It’s no easy matter to blend the ingredients to get not only the correct benefits for the consumer but also something the consumer will drink voluntarily.

Energy drinks have a number of different types of ingredients. The body takes carbohydrates and metabolizes them into glucose (sugar). Simple sugars produce a rapid rise in blood sugar, while complex carbohydrates produce a slower rise. By combining different types of sugars, a drink can produce glycemic response at different times.

Energy drinks sometimes include amino acids that are protein building blocks. Taurine for example is an important aid in the release of insulin and can prevent abnormal blood clotting. Because researchers have cited a deficiency of vitamins and minerals as associated with a lack of energy, beverage makers often include them in energy drinks. Niacin (Vitamin B 3) works with other vitamins to metabolize carbohydrates. Riboflavin (vitamin B 12) helps combats anemia and fatigue by helping to manufacture red blood cells.

Some drinks include botanicals such as gingko biloba, guarana and ginseng. Ginkgo biloba is purported to provide mental energy and sharpness by stimulating blood flow to the brain. Finally, most energy drink contains caffeine an alkaloid stimulant that body absorbs and circulates to all body tissues. Caffeine affects the central nervous system, the digestive tract, and the body’s metabolism boosting adrenaline levels to increase blood pressure and heart rate. Typically energy drink like Red Bull, contain the same amount of caffeine as a cup of coffee.

Packaging is also important. Some fruity beverages come in glass bottles, but many energy drinks that contain light sensitive vitamins, like B 12 , come in slender metal cans to prevent the vitamins from breaking down.

The Marketing Strategy

Mateschitz designed an unusual marketing strategy. “We don’t bring the product to the people” he argues, “We bring people to the product”. Initially when Red Bull entered U.S. market in Santa Monica California, it used traditional beverage distributors. But as the product gained popularity, the company began to pursue a more focused distribution strategy. Red Bull sales representatives now approach a beverage distributor and insist that he or she sell only Red Bull and no other energy drink. If the distributors will not agree, Red Bull hires young people to load the product in the vans and distribute it themselves.

The Company divided the United States into eight territories, with sales team in each area responsible for developing distribution and targeted marketing plans. The local team seeks to determine where people aged between 16 and 29 are hanging out and what they find interesting. First, the sales teams calls on trendy clubs and bars that offer drinks on premise. As incentives the team offers Red Bull coolers and other promotional items. Red Bull works with individual accounts rather than large chain because it has found that process goes much faster due to lack of bureaucracy. It has also found out that young people in local hot spots are open to trying new things and help generate a “buzz” about Red bull.

Second, the sales team also opens off premise accounts such as gyms, health food-stores, and convenience stores near colleges. The product sells for about $2 in convenience stores. In addition, “consumer educators” roam local streets and hand out free samples. The company has encouraged students to drive around with big Red Bull cans strapped to the top of their cars and to throw Red Bull parties focused on weird themes.

Contrary to the traditional promotional practice, Red Bull starts traditional advertising only after it believes a local market is maturing. The company’s philosophy is that media can only reinforce not introduce a brand. Thus, it builds demand even before it introduces the product at retail. Only about 19 percent of the $ 100 million the brand spent on promotion in 2000 was for measured media. Red Bull spends around 35 percent of sales on promotion. The company has also begun sponsoring extreme sporting events and athletes.

Does all this grass roots marketing work? Well, in 2001, Red Bull sold 1.6 billion cans in 62 countries, up 80 percent over 2000. In the United states , Red Bull entered the list of top 10 carbonated beverage distributors with a mere 0.1 market share but its case volume grew 118 percent over 200 to 10.5 million cases. Red Bull is the number one product in store 24 and had similar results at 7 eleven. It captures 70 to 90 percent share of the energy drink market.

With results like that, it did not take competitors to jump in. Pepsi bought South Beach Beverage Company (makers of So Be brand) and developed an energy drink it calls “Adrenaline Rush”. Coca-Cola jumped in with KMX. Even Anheuser – Busch, of Budweiser fame, joined with a product it calls “180” degrees. In early 2002, another Thai company Otsotspa entered the fray with its own energy drink called “Shark”.

Mateschitz does not seem concerned about competition. He knows Red Bull has a tremendous head start and strong local marketing teams. He already has plans to enter into Brazil and South Africa.

However, Mateschitz does have one concern. “It makes no sense to build a company on one product” he argues. So far he has put the Red Bull brand on only one other product. Luna Aqua is a still water that company claims it bottles only 13 times per year, during full moon when the moon reaches its full energy level. There is also variety of Luna Aqua that contains caffeine. But Mateschitz knows that it will take more than moon power to stay ahead of the competition in the energy drink market. You can bet he will be up all night, sipping Red Bull and developing new product ideas.

Now, assume that you have been appointed by RED BULL as marketing director; then answer the following questions:

Required Question

Question 01:Apply the theory of product Augmentation to Red bull , by explaining the different layers. Suggest improvements in the augmented layers that would give an edge for the company over it’s competitors?

discuss in detail, with the use of practical examples the following 3 management styles and the potential impact each style may have on a business:

1. Visionary

2. Transformational

3. Coaching

discuss in detail, with the use of practical examples the following 3 management styles and the potential impact each style may have on a business :

1. Visionary

2. Transformational

3. Coaching