Discuss what works, what doesn’t work, and what is promising in regard to school-based delinquency prevention programs. Which program type do you feel may continue to show the most promise for the future youth of our country.

Hiring by race. Please state your opinion and back it up thoroughly to BOTH statements. Statement 1. Hiring by race allows for a more diverse workplace. Statement 2. Race should never be a factor in any hiring or school decision.

Shrieves Casting Company is considering adding a new line to its product mix, and the company hires you, a recently business school graduate, to conduct capital budgeting analysis. The production line would be set up in unused space in Shrieves' main plant. The machinery’s invoice price would be approximately $200,000; another $10,000 in shipping charges would be required; and it would cost an additional $30,000 to install the equipment. The machinery has an economic life of 4 years, and would be a class 8 with a 20% CCA rate. The machinery is expected to have a salvage value of $25,000 after 4 years of use.                                                                                                                                                                                                              

The new line would generate incremental sales of 1,250 units per year for four years at an incremental cost of $100 per unit in the first year, excluding depreciation. Each unit can be sold for $200 in the first year. The sales price and cost are expected to increase by 3% per year due to inflation. Further, to handle the new line, the firm’s net operating working capital would have to increase by an amount equal to 12% of sales revenues. The firm’s tax rate is 28%, and its overall weighted average cost of capital is 10 percent. Suppose the firm had spent $100,000 last year to rehabilitate the production line site.Assume that the plant space could be leased out to another firm at $25,000 a year.     

What is the project's after-tax NPV? Should the project proceed? Prepare a report including capital budgeting, risk analysis and comments. ( I appreciate it if you give me the detail of calculating, I have a problem in calculating that. )

Assume you need to buy a new vehicle. The junker that you paid $6,000 for three years ago has a current value of $1,500. You have narrowed the choice down to a used 2016 Jeep Cherokee with a blue book value of $8,500 and a new Hyundai Elantra with a sticker price of $20,380. You plan to drive either vehicle for at least five more years.

REQUIRED:

1. Based on the following steps in the decision-making process, briefly describe the key factors you would consider at each step.

              Step 1: Identify the decision problem. -

              Step 2: Determine the decision alternatives. -

              Step 3: Evaluate costs/benefits of alternatives. -

              Step 4: Make the decision. -

              Step 5: Review the results of the decision. -

2. Indicate whether each of the following factors would be relevant or irrelevant to your decision:

a. The $5,000 you paid for your junker two years ago.

b. The $1,500 your vehicle is worth today.

c. The blue book value of the Jeep Cherokee.

d. The sticker price of the Hyundai Elantra.

e. The difference in fuel economy for the Jeep and the Hyundai.

f. The cost of on-campus parking.

g. The difference in insurance cost for the Jeep and the Hyundai.

h. The difference in resale value five years from now for the Jeep and the Hyundai.

i. The fact that the Hyundai comes with a warranty while the Jeep does not.

3. Consider only the costs you classified as irrelevant in #2 above.
   1. Would any of these costs be relevant if you were deciding whether to keep your present vehicle or buy a new one?
   2. Would any of these costs be relevant if you were deciding whether to get rid of your vehicle and ride your bike to work and school?

Assume you need to buy a new vehicle. The junker that you paid $6,000 for three years ago has a current value of $1,500. You have narrowed the choice down to a used 2016 Jeep Cherokee with a blue book value of $8,500 and a new Hyundai Elantra with a sticker price of $20,380. You plan to drive either vehicle for at least five more years.

REQUIRED:

1. Based on the following steps in the decision-making process, briefly describe the key factors you would consider at each step.

              Step 1: Identify the decision problem. -

              Step 2: Determine the decision alternatives. -

              Step 3: Evaluate costs/benefits of alternatives. -

              Step 4: Make the decision. -

              Step 5: Review the results of the decision. -

2. Indicate whether each of the following factors would be relevant or irrelevant to your decision:

a. The $5,000 you paid for your junker two years ago.

b. The $1,500 your vehicle is worth today.

c. The blue book value of the Jeep Cherokee.

d. The sticker price of the Hyundai Elantra.

e. The difference in fuel economy for the Jeep and the Hyundai.

f. The cost of on-campus parking.

g. The difference in insurance cost for the Jeep and the Hyundai.

h. The difference in resale value five years from now for the Jeep and the Hyundai.

i. The fact that the Hyundai comes with a warranty while the Jeep does not.

3. Consider only the costs you classified as irrelevant in #2 above.
   1. Would any of these costs be relevant if you were deciding whether to keep your present vehicle or buy a new one?
   2. Would any of these costs be relevant if you were deciding whether to get rid of your vehicle and ride your bike to work and school?

a.) Many consumer groups feel that the Country A drug approval process is too easy​ and, as a​ result, too many drugs are approved that are later found to be unsafe. On the other​ hand, a number of industry lobbyists have pushed for a more lenient approval process so that pharmaceutical companies can get new drugs approved more easily and quickly. Consider a null hypothesis that a​ new, unapproved drug is unsafe and an alternative hypothesis that a​ new, unapproved drug is safe. Explain the risks of committing a Type I or Type II error.

b.) A magazine reported that at the top 50 business schools in a​ region, students studied an average of 16.8 hours. Set up a hypothesis test to try to prove that the mean number of hours studied at your school is different from the reported 16.8 hour benchmark. State the null and alternative hypotheses.

c.) The​ quality-control manager at a compact fluorescent light bulb​ (CFL) factory needs to determine whether the mean life of a large shipment of CFLs is equal to 7,491 hours. The population standard deviation is 900 hours. A random sample of 81 light bulbs indicates a sample mean life of 7,241 hours.

1.) At the 0.05 level of​ significance, is there evidence that the mean life is different from 7 comma 491 hours question mark 7,491 hours? Let μ be the population mean. Determine the null​ hypothesis, H0​, and the alternative​ hypothesis, H1.

2.) Compute the​ p-value and interpret its meaning.

3.) Construct a 95​% confidence interval estimate of the population mean life of the light bulbs.

4.) Compare the results of​ (a) and​ (c). What conclusions do you​ reach?

Beyond the lemonade stand: Sustaining a new social venture

1. What is a calling and how do you find it?
2. How can you complement an intuitive response to social needs with a methodological
approach to social entrepreneurship?
3. How are new social ventures sustained?

In 2016, a young South African left her secure office job to pursue her passion for social entrepreneurship in the youth development field. She had been volunteering with street children, but she wanted to do more by drawing on her entrepreneurial experience from high school and university. She followed her passion, and experienced a number of challenges, but also early successes over her first four years of social entrepreneurship, including the formation of her social business, Beyond the Lemonade Stand. Business was steady but she struggled with getting the commitment needed in poor township schools to make the program a success. She began to question the core purpose of her organization and wondered if she would be better off pursuing opportunities offered by middle-class and private schools that wanted her services.

Anthony Wilson-Prangley is affiliated with University of Pretoria.

Learning Objective

The case is aimed at early-phase social entrepreneurs and those interested in the field. It is intended to be used in the opening few sessions of a course on social entrepreneurship at the undergraduate or graduate level. After completion of the case, students will have explored the following questions: What is a calling and how do you find it? How can you complement an intuitive response to social needs with a methodical approach to social entrepreneurship? How are new social ventures sustained?

Read the following case study carefully and analyze it by answering the three Questions for Discussion.   

Hot-Shot Pix is a global digital camera manufacturer headquartered in the U.S.  The company designs, manufacturers and sells various digital camera models at different price points through various channels.  Design is carried out at the company’s R&D labs located in England and the U.S.  The company manufactures cameras at four different locations:  one factory is located in Singapore and supplies the Asia-Pacific region; another factory is located in Texas and serves the North American and Latin American markets;  the third factory is located in France and serves the EU markets.  This factory was established during Hot Shot’s first expansion outside the U.S. in the 1960s to manufacture film-based cameras and sell them across Europe.  Currently, the factory in France is somewhat outdated, and the company is involved in a labor dispute with the unions.  The last factory is located in Hungary and serves Africa and the Middle East.  Currently, 30% of the company’s total revenues are generated domestically and the rest comes from foreign markets.

            Hot Shot’s cameras have traditionally been well-regarded in the marketplace and the company is considered a leader in technological innovation.  However, in the last ten years the company has been facing increased competition. Newer, more nimble competitors have established large factories in Asia.  Theses companies serve the entire global market from one or two factories at a cheaper.  Digital camera manufacturing is subject to significant economies of scale.  In addition, the demand for digital cameras is seasonal, with a significant portion of the demand generated during the holiday season.  This variability of demand has forced Hot Shot to outsource some of its manufacturing to various subcontractors in Asia who have varied considerably in their ability to adhere to quality specifications.  In general, warranty costs have been slightly increasing.

            The digital camera market is expected to grow at a healthy 8% rate for the next decade.  Bob Wilson, the COO, is thinking of several significant operational changes.  At the top of his list is closing the factory in France (which is technologically outdated) and establishing a new factory, possibly in China, that would serve the EU, North America and Latin America markets.  The factory in the US would then focus on premium, higher-priced, cameras and represent around 20% of the global market for digital cameras.  Another alternative is to purchase a Chinese camera maker and upgrade its facilities.  The Chinese Foreign Investment Authority indicated that it would look favorably on this investment, as long as Hot Shot also established a design lab in China to develop the next generation cameras.  This would be structured as a joint venture with a Chinese company.  Meanwhile, European manufacturers were having a hard time competing with foreign camera makers and were arguing that foreign manufacturers were dumping excess production into their markets.  One camera maker recently appealed to the EU for protection from ‘unfair foreign competition’.  At the time, China had a sizeable trade surplus vis-à-vis European countries.

            As a soon-to-be graduate of one of the most internationally diverse business schools in the U.S., you have been retained by Bob Wilson to prepare a report that identifies and briefly discusses the major international issues.  Note that, at this time, Mr. Wilson is not looking for any specific recommendations.

Questions for Discussion:

1. What, if any, political issues should Wilson consider?
2. What, if any, economic issues should Wilson consider?
3. What, if any, social/cultural issues should Wilson consider?
4. What, if any, technological issues should Wilson consider?
5. What, if any, other issues should Wilson consider?

Stats I, Item # Q-08

Saleemah, the assistant superintendent in charge of reviewing staffing patterns, is investigating the number of substitute teachers assigned daily to the elementary schools in the district. She ponders whether the numbers vary by school and/or by day of the week. She tests her claims at the 10% significance level, and presumes that the underlying data collection is normally distributed. She gathers independent, simple random samples. The following data represent the numbers of substitute teachers assigned daily to each school during a randomly selected week, cross referenced by school and day of the week:

What are the claims is she testing? What conclusions should she draw? Explain in detail for both factors, both technically and contextually. In particular, if the findings for either one of the two or both factors are especially marginal or strong, please note those results. Cite relevant critical values and p-values that support the findings.

1. The number of 3-point shots made per game during high-school basketball games was counted for all 523 games played during one school year in a particular school district. The results are shown in the bar chart below.

   350 300 250 200 150 100 50

   0

   1

   2

   3

   4

   5

   6

   If we take a simple random sample of size 40 from this population and calculate the mean number of 3-point baskets, which of the following best describes the shape of the sampling distribution of means?

   	Skewed right
   	Approximately normal
   	Approximately uniform
   	Skewed left

2. Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between a parameter and a statistic?

   	A parameter is used to estimate a statistic.
   	A parameter has a sampling distribution with the statistic as its mean.
   	A parameter has a sampling distribution that can be used to determine what values the statistic is likely to have in repeated samples.
   	A statistic is used to estimate a parameter.

3. The distribution of values from a single sample of size n from a population is

   	the distribution of sample data.
   	the distribution of the parameter.
   	the sampling distribution.
   	the population distribution of the variable.

4. To reduce the variability of estimates from a simple random sample, you should

   	use a larger sample.
   	use a count, not a percent.
   	use a smaller sample.
   	increase the bias.

5. A sampling distribution is the probability distribution for which one of the following?

   	A sample
   	A population parameter
   	A sample statistic
   	A population