what creates the energy driving force for the tubular reabsorption of water soluble substances like glucose and amino acids
the na/k atpase at the apical membrane
the na symporters at the apical membrane
the na symporters at the basolateral membrane
the na/k atpase at the basolateral membrane
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Fact:Without thiamine (vitamin B1), the body
cannot convert pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, or use 6 of the 22 amino
acids in the Krebs cycle. Explain in detail why a
person with a thiamine deficiency would have a reduced physical
work capacity.
Detailed answer please!
In: Anatomy and Physiology
1.An inorganic base dissociates in water into ?a)one or more hydrogen ions and one or more anions b)one or more hydroxide ions and one or more reactions c)one or more hydrogen ions and one or more captions d)one or more hydroxide ions and one or more anions 2.An atom becomes a cation by? a)accepting electrons into its outermost electron shell b)giving up electrons from its outermost electron shell c)donating protons to another atom d)accepting proton from another atom 3.An atom of oxygen has 8 protons ,8electroenes and 8 neutrons.How would you expect the electrons to be arranged in this atom? a)all electrons are located in the nucleus of the atom b)all 8 electrons are located in the outermost electron shell c)all 8 electrons are located in the electron shell nearest the nucleus d)2 electrons are in the electron shell nearest the nucleus and 6 are in the second shell 4.Which solution is acidic? a) H2O b)H2O+ NA(+) +OH(-) c) H20+H(+) +Cl (-) d)Na(+) + HCO3 (-) 5.which of the following is true about the products of the chemical reaction?a) in the synthesis reaction , the products contain the fewer atoms than the reactants b) in the synthesis reaction , the products contain more atoms than the reactants c)in any chemical reaction the products may contain more or fewer atoms than the rectants because the reaction is a random event d)the products of chemical reactions always contain the same number of atoms as the reactants 6.Can you choose which thing is not like others ? a)lactose b)maltose c)sucrose d )fructose 7Which of the following is not organic compound? a)CO2 b)H2O c)CH2O d)NH3 8.Which of the following is a lipid ? a)C6H12O6 b)C22H44COOH c)C2H4NH2 d)CO2 9.Which of the following does not dissolve readily in a water? a)proteins b) amino Acids c) steroids d) Carbohydrates 10.Which of the following is organic asid? a)H2CO3 b)NaOH c)HCL d)KCL 11.Nitrogen is the element important to the composition of ? a)carbohydrate b)proteins and nucleis acids c)fats d)glycerol 12.Which of the following is protein ? a)sucrose b) cholesterol c)raffinose d)mannose 13.In the formation of a polymer , dehydration synthesis occurs between ? a) the amino groups of 2 different amino acids b)the acid groups of two different amino acids c)the amino group of one amino acid and the acid group of the other d)all of the above
In: Chemistry
|
1) A small piece of DNA or RNA, which is usually radioactive, and that is used to locate one’s gene of interest in a cloned DNA library, is known as a… A) Primer B) Bacteriphage C) Polymerase D) Vector E) Probe |
|
|
2) Screening a library means… A) Keeping the window screens closed in the learning resource center to prevent insects from eating the books B) Inserting cloned DNA into plasmids C) Finding the cloned gene of interest D) Inserting plasmids into bacteria E) Digesting the genomic DNA with restriction enzymes |
|
|
3) In the genomic DNA isolation lab, the purpose of sodium chloride is to... A) Keep the nucleus intact for the first steps of the procedure B) Destroy DNA molecules that might contaminate the RNA C) Separate proteins from DNA D) Precipitate the DNA |
|
|
4) A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s) with hydrogen atoms? A) non-polar covalent B) hydrogen C) polar covalent D) ionic |
|
5) The diffuse spread out state of chromosomes is known as... A) Nucleic acid B) Nucleus C) Chromatin D) Centriole E) Nucleiod matter |
|
|
6) A certain object weighs 2.8 x 103 grams. In normal numbers, this weight is... A) 0.0028 grams B) 2800 grams C) 280 grams D) 2.8 grams |
|
|
7) The symbol for diploid is… A) XX B) -- C) || D) XY E) 2n |
|
|
8) Heterozygous is defined as... A) An organism that has gained one of extra chromosomes B) An organism with two of each chromosome type (two chromosome 1's, two chromosome 2's, etc). C) A cell with two identical nuclei D) An organism with two different alleles for a gene E) A cell that contains more than one chromosome |
|
9) Cinnabar eyes is a sex-linked recessive characteristic in fruit flies. If a female having cinnabar eyes is crossed with a normal (red eye) male, what percentage of the F1 males will have cinnabar eyes? A) 25% B) 50% C) 75% D) 100% |
|
|
10) Black fur in mice (B) is dominant to brown fur (b). Long tails (T) are dominant to short tails (t). What fraction of the offspring of crosses BbTt × BBtt will be expected to have black fur and long tails? A) 1/2 B) 3/16 C) 3/8 D) 1/16 E) 9/16 |
|
|
11) Which number is closest to the total number of genes in the human genome? A) 25,000 B) 46 C) 10,000 D) 100,000 |
|
|
12) The Alu sequence is not capable of moving or copying itself in the genome. How then is Alu moved and copied? A) By unequal crossing over in meiosis. B) By imitating an intron and being duplicated by RNA polymerase II. C) Using the reverse transcriptase enzyme of active retrotransposons. D) By imitating an exon and being duplicated by RNA polymerase II. E) It encodes enzymes that are able to copy and splice itself within the genome. |
|
13) Which of the following statements is correct about diffusion? A) It is very rapid over long distances. B) It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell. C) It is an active process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration. D) It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. |
|
|
14) Which of the following is characterized by a cell releasing a signal molecule which diffuses into the local environment, followed by nearby cells responding? A) hormonal signaling B) autocrine signaling C) synaptic signaling D) endocrine signaling E) paracrine signaling |
|
|
15) An enzyme that adds a phosphate functional group to amino acids is called a… A) kinase B) ATPase C) cyclase D) amino phosphotase E) ATP synthase |
|
|
16) When a G protein-linked receptor binds signal molecule, the first relay protein to be activated is… A) G-protein B) phospholipase C. C) adenylyl cyclase. D) tyrosine kinase. E) serine/threonine kinase. |
|
17) During aerobic respiration, H2O is formed. Where does the oxygen atom for the formation of the water come from? A) carbon dioxide (CO2) B) glucose (C6H12O6) C) pyruvate (C3H3O3-) D) molecular oxygen (O2) |
|
|
18) The molecule NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is used by cells to carry… A) carbon atoms B) electrons C) ribose D) nicotine E) glucose |
|
|
19) How many carbon dioxide molecules (CO2) are produced for each molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water via aerobic respiration? A) 4 B) 6 C) 32 D) 36 |
|
|
20) High levels of Citric acid inhibit the enzyme phosphofructokinase, a key enzyme in glycolysis. Citric acid binds to the enzyme at a different location from the active site. This is an example of A) competitive inhibition. B) positive feedback regulation. C) the specificity of enzymes for their substrates. D) an enzyme requiring a cofactor. E) allosteric regulation. |
In: Biology
JL is a 77 yr old male who has just undergone abdominal surgery for an obstruction of the duodenum. The surgeon has ordered TPN for this patient and has asked Pharmacy to prepare it according to the “recipe” below: The final concentration of TPN is 4.25% amino acids and 25% dextrose in a total volume of 1000mls. The surgeon would like an additional 25mEq of Sodium per Liter of TPN. The pharmacy stocks NaCl 23.4% solution. Answer the following questions:
1. What is the volume of NaCl 23.4% solution that should be added to make the 25mEq/L of Sodium? (MW of NaCl = 58.5) ______________________________.
2. If the physician orders 1000ml per day, what is the infusion rate in “ml/hr”? ___________________________.
3. Calculate the amount of Kcal (kilocalories) provided by the dextrose in 1000ml of solution. ___________________________.
4. Calculate the amount of Kcal (kilocalories) provided by the amino acids in 1000ml of solution. ____________________________.
In: Nursing
QUESTION 13
|
An increasing amount of protein will be made in muscle cells to act as a reserve |
||
|
An increasing amount of glycogen will be made in liver to act as a reserve |
||
|
An increasing amount of glycogen will be made in muscle to act as a reserve |
||
|
An increasing amount of TAG in adipose tissue will be made to act as a reserve Which statement best describes how the body will respond to eating more calories than is needed |
QUESTION 2
|
The G1 phase is shorter |
||
|
There is a difference in which genes are expressed and which proteins are made |
||
|
There is visible change in appearance |
||
|
The G2 phase is shorterWhich of the following is a false statement about a cancer cell compared to a normal cell |
QUESTION 11
This drug binds to a protein that is involved in translation
|
Penicillin |
||
|
tetracycline |
||
|
sulfa drug |
||
Transcription begins with ____________ and uses it to make
_______________ using these as ____________ substratesQUESTION
3
|
RNA, protein, amino acids |
||
|
DNA, RNA, nucleotides |
||
|
RNA, DNA, nucleotides |
||
|
Protein, RNA, amino acids |
In: Biology
|
rRNA sequences are among the most highly conserved in nature. What does the word conserved mean in this context? . (1) Why are rRNA sequences so strongly conserved? . (2) |
|
The different stages of translation use several factors that are not a part of the ribosome. What are these factors, meaning what are they made of? . (1) (2) Why are they not considered to be a part of the ribosome? . (2) |
|
The hydrophobic effect helps explain why proteins fold into stable three-dimensional shapes. In other words is one of the most important components of tertiary structure of proteins. Explain how it works. How do both hydrophilic and hydrophobic R groups lead to folding via the hydrophobic effect? (2) |
|
The part of all amino acids that they share includes both a positively charged side group and a negatively charged group. Despite this, most amino acids in actual proteins lack any charge. How is this possible? (2) |
In: Biology
a)For mammals, some amino acids are essential in the diet, whereas others may be formed from dietary components. Humans are capable of converting:aspartic acid into isoleucine. True/False?
b)For mammals, some amino acids are essential in the diet, whereas others may be formed from dietary components. Humans are capable of converting:pyruvate to alanine. True/False?
c)Nitrogen fixation (conversion of N2 to NH4+):requires the participation of CO2.True/False?
d) Nitrogen fixation (conversion of N2 to NH4+):requires a powerful reductant. True/False?
e)Nitrogen fixation (conversion of N2 to NH4+):requires at least 12 ATP per N2 fixed. True/False?
f)Nitrogen fixation (conversion of N2 to NH4+):requires the nitrogenase complex.True/False?
g) Nitrogen fixation (conversion of N2 to NH4+):occurs in all plants.True/False?
In: Biology
In a thalassemia (blood disease) prevalent in Southeast Asia, the hemoglobin A polypeptide chain is longer than normal, although the mRNA length is unchanged. The normal HbA polypeptide ends with the sequence: – Lys – Tyr – Arg –(C terminus). The mutant version adds 30 amino acids, ending with: – Lys – Tyr – Arg – Gln – (29 more amino acids) –(C terminus). The causative mutation in the HbA gene is most likely:
A. a transition mutation.
B. a transversion mutation.
C. a nonsense mutation.
D. a frameshift mutation.
E. an insertion mutation
Make sure provide the best explanation about your answer by explaining what the question is asking first and then falsify (provide explanation) each of the choices you did not choose. Ultimately, also provide explanation for for the correct choice. Define any key concepts and terms along the way and make diagrams if necessary to provide the best explanation.
In: Biology
17. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a _____ hormone that _____.
18. Digested food travels slowly through the intestines because it allows nutrients to come into contact with the intestinal wall so that they can be transported to circulation.
19. According to_______, energy is never really created nor destroyed - it just moves around or gets transformed from one form to another.
20. Amino Acids supply the energy for most of our regular functioning.
21. Triglycerides and _____ make up the two most important "raw materials" for making ATP in the body.
In: Anatomy and Physiology