Arnold Inc. is considering a proposal to manufacture high-end protein bars used as food supplements by body builders. The project requires use of an existing warehouse, which the firm acquired three years ago for £1 million and which it currently rents out for £120,000 per year. Rental rates are not expected to change in the near future. In addition to using the warehouse, the project requires an up-front investment into machines and other equipment of £1.4m. This investment can be fully depreciated straight-line over the next 10 years for tax purposes. However, Arnold Inc. expects to terminate the project at the end of eight years and to sell the machines and equipment for £500,000. Finally, the project requires an initial investment into net working capital equal to 10% of predicted first-year sales. Subsequently, net working capital is 10% of the predicted sales over the following year. Sales of protein bars are expected to be £4.8 million in the first year and to stay constant for eight years. Total manufacturing costs and operating expenses (excluding depreciation) are 80% of sales, and profits are taxed at 30%.

i. What are the free cash flows of the project? ii. If the cost of capital is 15%, what is the NPV of the project?

This is Cost Accounting, I asked this question before, and when according to my professor some of the answers were not correct, can you help me with this question please, thanks

Decision Making – Equipment Replacement

Mathews manages an assembly facility of Orthom Scientific. A supplier approaches Mathews about replacing a large piece of manufacturing equipment that Orthom uses in its process with a more efficient model. While the supplier made some compelling arguments in favor of replacing the 3-year-old equipment, Mathews is hesitant. Mathews is hoping to be promoted next year to manager of the larger plant near Orthom’s headquarters, and he knows that the accrual-basis net operating income of the assembly plant he manages will be evaluated closely as part of the promotion decision. The following information is available concerning the equipment replacement decision:

The historic cost of the old machine is $600,000. It has a current book value of $240,000, two remaining years of useful life, and a market value of $144,000. Annual depreciation expense is $120,000. It is expected to have a salvage value of $0 at the end of its useful life.
The new equipment will cost $360,000. It will have a 2-year useful life and a $0 salvage value. Orthom uses straight-line depreciation on all equipment.
The new equipment will reduce electricity costs by $70,000 per year and will reduce direct manufacturing labor costs by $60,000 per year.

For simplicity, ignore income taxes and the time value of money.

Required:

Assume that Mathews’ priority is to receive the promotion and he makes the equipment replacement decision based on next year’s accrual-based net operating income. Which alternative would he choose? Show your calculations.
What are the relevant factors in the decision? Which alternative is in the best interest of the company over the next 2 years? Show your calculations.
At what cost would Mathews be willing to purchase the new equipment? Explain.

Questions:

5) What are the advantages and disadvantages to countries that promote frontier tourism?

6) Discuss how nations can create a competitive advantage in attracting tourists.

Roughing It: Tourists Are Boldly Going Into African Trouble Spots

A conservationist in oil-rich Gabon leads the way in promoting tiny nation’s sur ing hippopotamuses and other natural attractions, as part of a regional push for tourism amid instability

By Alexandra Wexler

Oct. 19, 2018 5 30 a.m. ET

WONGA WONGUE, Gabon—For the past decade, an energetic conservationist has been building the foundations for a tourism industry in Gabon, where rare forest elephants stroll down the beach, hippopotamuses surf in the ocean waves and blue-faced mandrills march by the thousands through the jungle.

The challenges for Gabon’s national parks authority and its head, Lee White, include transporting clients to remote camps in a country with little infrastructure, recruiting pygmy trackers from deep within the jungle and training antipoaching units who have to battle armed hunters and illegal gold miners in one of the world’s most pristine stretches of wilderness.

Over the past decade, with the support of government and overseas philanthropists, Mr. White has transformed Gabon’s parks authority from a group with just 100 staff with a budget of $500,000 to a $30 million operation with 800 employees, 175 cars, 35 boats and a number of aircraft, including a helicopter. Tourists have begun to arrive, with visitors up by a third this year through July compared with the average over the same period in 2017 at the country’s most-popular national park for international tourists.

Mr. White’s Gabonese gambit is at the leading edge of a trend attracting a growing list of African economies: frontier-tourism products in places that visitors often more-closely associate with conflict or instability.

In recent years, a small but swelling segment of the tourism market has been drawn to places like Chad, the Democratic Republic of Congo’s Virunga National Park, which was recently closed after two British tourists were kidnapped and their ranger killed, and war-torn Central African Republic. Tour operator Thomas Cook Group PLC recently sent a delegation to Sierra Leone, which has struggled with civil war and more recently an Ebola epidemic, to discuss offering package tours.

“There is a trend recently of interest in ‘unexplored’ places,” said André Rodrigues Aquino, a senior natural-resources management specialist at the World Bank, who advises African

governments on their tourism sector. “It’s very linked to nature, places that have pristine unspoiled nature.”

The numbers are small compared with sub-Saharan Africa’s broader tourism market of $43.7 billion in 2017, according to the World Travel & Tourism Council. But countries with the strongest growth in international arrivals in 2016 compared with a year earlier were Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Eritrea and Togo, according to the African Development Bank.

“A lot of people who have traveled previously, particularly in Africa, are looking for different experiences in different places,” said Peter Fearnhead, chief executive of African Parks, a nongovernmental organization that manages 15 national parks in partnership with governments across Africa. “The fact that [these places are] so edgy, we’re finding that there’s an increasing interest.”

The niche but expanding market for frontier tourism in fractious security environments has governments and companies seeking to balance revenue potential against the investments and know-how needed to ensure safety.

Oil-rich Gabon, a sparsely-populated country the size of Colorado on Africa’s Atlantic seaboard, has one of the highest per-capita incomes in sub-Saharan Africa and is one of the more stable countries in the continent’s central region. But when Mr. White took the reins of the country’s newly created national-parks agency in 2009, the vast nature reserves that cover about 20% of the country existed essentially only on paper.

= “The first priority when I was appointed was to manage the parks and when necessary, defend them,” Mr. White said. He created antipoaching units and armed rapid-response teams to push, with much success, ivory poachers out of the parks.

There are exceptions. Parks officers have had two gunbattles with illegal gold miners in a park called Birougou in the past six months, Mr. White said.

At Zakouma, a national park in the desert nation of Chad, poachers had massacred about 90% of the park’s elephants by the time African Parks took over its management in 2010. Since then, the group has transformed the region into a haven for one of Africa’s largest single herds, now about 560 elephants strong. By establishing flights to link the park with Chad’s capital city— and joining with a group of private guides as part of the marketing strategy—the park’s revenue is expected to be just under a $1 million this year, up from about $50,000 in 2015.

The mobile-tented safari experience that African Parks offers is booked about 18 months in advance, but it takes a maximum of just eight guests at a time and is limited to the dry season.

“It’s not a sustainable solution for the park,” said Stuart Slabbert, head of conservation-led economic development for African Parks.

Experts say national parks across the continent will struggle to expand their tourism revenue without a cooperative and supportive government.

In Gabon, Mr. White’s plans have been aided by his close relationship with current President Ali Bongo Ondimba, established while his father, Omar Bongo Ondimba, was still in power. Though Gabon is

theoretically a democracy, the elder Mr. Bongo ruled for 42 years and the current president, who took over when he died in 2009, won close, tense elections in 2016 marred by accusations of fraud that ignited countrywide rioting.

This year, Mr. White began actively marketing safari-type trips to the parks for the first time. Possible sightings include sea turtles hatching on the country’s beaches, humpback whales breaching in the surf and Western lowland gorillas lazing while their babies climb and swing around trees: a literal jungle gym.

“It’s not savanna tourism. You have to work to see this stuff,“ said Michael Nichols, a photographer who took a picture of Gabon’s surfing hippos that Time magazine calls one of the 100 most influential images of all time. “That doesn’t preclude that it’s frigging unbelievable. It could be like the Amazon.”

1. What are the fixed costs of production measured in dollars?
2. For 6 tables, what is the average fixed cost, average variable cost, and the marginal cost?

Give examples–a formula and an illustration–of two-dimensional vector fields F⃗(x,y) with each of the following properties. You could do the illustrations by hand.

a) The direction of F⃗ is constant but the magnitude is not constant.

b) The magnitude |F⃗| is constant but the direction is not constant.

c) All the vectors F⃗ along a horizontal line are equal, but F⃗ is not constant overall.

d) F⃗ (x, y) is perpendicular to xˆi + yˆj at every point (x, y).

e) F⃗ is a force field which repels from the origin. It is strongest near the origin, and weaker farther

away.

Given the spectral data, determine the structure of the following compound. Show all work. Combustion analysis: C: 85.7% H: 6.67% MS: Molecular ion at m/z= 210, base peak at m/z=167 1H-NMR: 7.5-7.0 ppm (m, 10H) 5.10 ppm (s, 1H) 2.22 ppm (s, 3H) 13C-NMR: 206.2 (C) 128.7 (CH) 30.0 (CH3) 138.4 (C) 127.2 (CH) 129.0 (CH) 65.0 (CH) IR: Strong absorbance near 1720 cm -1

Think about the money you spend every day. You probably spend the most money at or near the beginning of each month. However, after all the bills are paid, you have what are often referred to as discretionary funds. That’s money you can spend any way you wish. Please tell us on what types of things you spend that extra-or discretionary-money? How will learning the Quicken software help you determine whether you have discretionary funds, and if so, how much each month?

There are a number of disorders that result in people experiencing chronic (long-term) pain even though there might be no known physical cause for this pain. This can result from the transmission of action potentials even though under normal circumstances, the size of the stimulus might not warrant an AP transmission, or at least not as frequent a transmission.

What could be a possible cause for this phenomenon? [It can not be a change in the brain itself, or a problem with the interpretation of the signal in the brain. Nor can neurons change their threshold potential. In other words, what could change in or near a neuron to cause more frequent AP transmissions?]

A propane tank with 75 gallons of liquid propane is at 50 F in a sealed tank. The tank develops a significant leak and propane escapes and vaporizes in a short period of time. To solve this problem you must use the propane tables not the common liquid properties.

What is the temperature near the hole in the propane tank due to the escaping propane in Fahrenheit to three significant digits? .   Include a minus sign if appropriate.

How many Btus of energy are needed to vaporize the entire 75 gallons of liquid propane? . Give your answer to three significant digits in Btus.