Subject: International Market and Trade.

Explain why were the following sanctions imposed:

1.The United Nations sanctions against South Africa.

2.United Nations sanctions against Zimbabwe.

3.United Nations sanctions against Iraq (1990–2003)

4.the United States embargo against Cuba.

1. Consider a study on the number of accidents occurred in 10 states of the United States of America in different cities for 3 consecutive years. Create a PivotTable in Excel to answer the following questions. The PivotTable should group the number of accidents into yearly bins and display the sum of accidents occurred each year in columns of Excel. Row labels should include the accident locations and allow for grouping the locations into states or viewing by city. You should also sort the PivotTable so that the states with the greatest number of accidents between 2011 and 2013 appear at the top of the PivotTable.

1. Which state had the greatest number of accidents between 2011 and 2013?
2. How many accidents occurred in the state of Colorado (CO) in 2012? In what cities did these accidents occur?
3. Use the PivotTable’s filter capability to view only the accidents in Alabama (AL), Arizona (AZ), and Arkansas (AR) for the years 2011 through 2013. What is the total number of accidents in these states between 2011 and 2013?
4. Create a PivotChart to display a column chart that shows the total number of accidents in each year 2011 through 2013 in the state of California. Adjust the formatting of this column chart so that it best conveys the data. What does this column chart suggest about accidents between 2011 and 2013 in California? Discuss.

Hint: You may have to switch the row and column labels in the PivotChart to get the best presentation for your PivotChart.

2. Hire-a-Car System rents three types of cars at two different locations. The profit made per day for each car type and company at the two locations is listed below:

Meredith’s currently makes $6,000 a month and is considering enrolling in a full-time MBA program that will require her to leave her job. In addition, the MBA program will cost $2,000 a month.

Q: The explicit cost of attending the MBA program is ___ per month.

Q: The implicit cost of attending the MBA program is ___ per month.

Q: The opportunity cost of attending the MBA program is ___ per month.

Your firm designs, manufactures, and markets children’s toys for sale in the U.S. Almost 90% of your production is done in China. During the 1990s, U.S. relations with China improved. Even though there were many disagreements between the two countries, the United States granted normal trade status to China and supported China’s membership in the WTO in 2001. Your firm invested heavily in China during that time. You have developed close ties to Chinese suppliers and have come to depend greatly on inexpensive Chinese labor and the lower costs of doing business there. You are now concerned about increasing political tension between China and the United States over a variety of issues: China’s s treatment of the Tibetan people, reports about the use of prison labor to manufacture goods for export, China’s population policies, and differences over relations with communist North Korea. The United States has also accused China of corporate and industrial espionage in the United States to obtain scientific, industrial, and trade secrets, and of hacking into corporate and government computer networks. There are also disagreements over China’s censorship of Internet search providers, and over the protection of U.S. intellectual property rights in China. The United States is also concerned with China’s tax policies, which are said to discriminate against imported goods, and also with China’s state subsidies to domestic industry. The U.S. accuses China of currency manipulations of the yuan, making Chinese goods unfairly cheap in foreign markets and imports into China artificially expensive. Most worrisome is the potential for conflict over Taiwan, with which the United States has had a mutual defense pact for 60 years. China claims Taiwan under its “One China” reunification policy, while accusing the United States of fostering “independence” there. Despite the issues, both countries recognize their deep economic reliance on each other. With that background, consider the following:

Although both mainland China and Taiwan are “Chinese,” doing business in Taiwan differs greatly from doing business in China. Investigate and describe that difference. How do business opportunities differ on the mainland versus the island?

There is a hotel in Imatra (Finland) which is very close to Russian border. The
demand function of Finnish consumers for this hotel is Q = 1000 - P. The demand
function of Russian consumers for this hotel would be Q = 1400 - P if they had not
travel to Imatra, but they have to travel and cost of travelling is 200. MC of hotel is
200 for one visitor. Find the difference of profits with price discrimination and without
price discrimination.

2. In an economy with two sectors, what are the long-run effects of increased immigration on employment under free trade?

A) Employment will rise in one sector and fall in the other sector.

B) Wages will fall in both sectors.

C) Employment will rise in both sectors.

D) There will be no change in employment in either sector.

3. In 1994, the United States, Mexico and Canada created the largest free trade region in the world with the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). After renegotiating the NAFTA in 2017-2018, the three nations signed the Agreement between the United States of America, the United Mexican States, and Canada^{[1] (Links to an external site.)} (USMCA) on December 10, 2019, which is expected to take effect on July 1, 2020.

According to the Rybczynski theorem, how will immigration from Mexico to the United States affect the Mexican economy?

A) Wages of Mexican workers will increase.

B) Wages of Mexican workers will decrease.

C) Mexico's production of labor-intensive products will decrease.

D) Mexico's production of capital-intensive products will decrease.

4. Under free trade, when factors of production are mobile across sectors and labor immigrates, capital will:

A) become idled as owners of capital seek more profitable opportunities.

B) move to the labor-intensive sector until returns are again equalized.

C) remain fixed because capital is never mobile.

D) move to the capital-intensive sector.

5. According to the Rybczynski theorem, immigration will cause:

A) an increase in the output of the labor-intensive good and a decrease in the output of the capital-intensive good in the receiving country.

B) an increase in the output of both the labor-intensive and the capital-intensive goods in the receiving country.

C) a decrease in the output of both the labor-intensive and the capital-intensive good in the receiving country.

D) a decrease in the output of the labor-intensive good and an increase in the output of the capital-intensive good in the receiving country.

6. Under free trade, what is the overall long-run impact of immigration on the factor prices?

A) Both relative and absolute returns to factors of production will increase.

B) Returns to labor will increase and returns to capital will decrease.

C) Returns to labor and returns to capital will both increase.

D) Both relative and absolute returns to factors of production will not change.

Compare and contrast nursing in the United States and Australia.

Compare and contrast nursing in the United States and Iraq.

Compare and contrast nursing in the United States and China.

Discuss the impact of Reconstruction on Womanhood in the United States.