My Research Methods class (N = 14) was interested in whether studying alone or in groups would result in better grades on their third exam. Half of the class (n = 7) studied for the exam alone, while the other half (n = 7) studied as a group. Their grades are summarized in the below tables:

Using the above data, answer the following questions

1. Which type of t-test (one-sample, independent samples, related samples) is appropriate for determining if those that that studied in a group earned better or worse grades than those who studied alone? Why?

2. State the alternative and null hypotheses (using the statistical notation for stating mathematical relationships) that represents the prediction that those who studied in a group will obtain grades that are, on average, different from that of those who studied alone.

3. Calculate pooled variance, standard error of the difference, and t_obt.

4. Using an alpha of 0.05, what is t_crit? Would you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis? Why?

Consider the following argument:

            Corporations are incapable to regulating themselves for the benefit of society. They inevitably will pursue maximizing profits—and will do so in unethical ways if they can get away with it. Thus, corporations should not be asked to meet their social responsibilities by regulating their own behavior.

            This argument is a version of

            (a)        The “invisible-hand” argument

            (b)        The “let-government-do-it” argument

            (c)        The “business-can’t-handle-it” argument

            (d)       The “corporations will impose their values on us” argument

8.         Which of the following is a response to the “invisible hand” argument?

(a)        Business ethics is irrelevant because focusing on the moral or immoral conduct of individual firms or businesspeople distracts one's attention from the systemic vices of capitalism.

(b)        The “invisible hand” argument was crafted in a time when businesses were much smaller, where any` individual business had far less social impact than corporations do today, and today are under enormous social pressure and expectations to behave ethically. The argument is therefore no longer relevant to how modern corporations should behave or be regulated.

(c)        The “invisible hand” is a natural mechanism according to which each individual, acting only to best secure his or her own rights and interests, acts in such a way that the unintended outcome of a complex social interaction is, essentially, the best outcome for society.

(d)       Businesses are complex entities—it they were to try to focus on the extraordinary complex questions of “what is best for society,” they would be hopelessly lost as the complexities and competing interests multiplied—hence they should restrict their attention just to what is in their best financial interests.

9.         Consider the following reasoning:

Companies today are too busy surviving to take on additional burdens. They can't afford to take their eyes off the ball – they must focus on core their businesses and on growth.

            (a)        This reasoning supports the “narrow view” of corporate social responsibility.

(b)        This reasoning undermines the “broad view” of corporate social responsibility.

10.       What is corporate culture, and how do corporate moral codes help promote corporate social responsibility? (A few sentences.)

Microsoft has low efficiency ratios in comparison to the industry standards. What does this tell us about the company? What are some reasons their numbers may be low?

What does the Altman Z score tell us with respect to company financial distress? How should we use such a tool as managers? (300 words minimum)

what comments do you have for these two separate stories concerning emotional intelligence and self awareness?

STORY 1

My teacher and different groups would go to a retirement home. Investing our time and learning first hand how to be a CNA. My teacher, who was a retired CNA, helped us a lot with the issues with working in environments like that. When working in a retirement home, it puts a lot of stress on you mentally. There are people who are left there alone never seeing family. Some are so out of their minds that their only way of communication is screaming at you. You experience death very often, especially with those you have come to enjoy. My teacher was amazing at keeping her emotions in check. She knew when she needed to be calming to others and when to switch to her professional mode. Going along with self-management, my teacher was able to strict when something needed to be done but if it was taking a toll on us would be comforting all the same. When I told her I could not go back and work at the home, she completely understood. My teacher knew this kind of job for everyone and she wasn't going to force me to do it. When I stopped volunteering my time, she still put in the effort to help me pass the class due to the fact that we were graded on our involvement with the retirement home. Even when I was going through hardships at home, my teacher was able to push me through and get me to where I am now.

STORY 2

A situation in which I observed someone apply emotional intelligence to a situation was when my husband and I got into an argument on who we wanted in the delivery room when our son was to be born. My husband wanted it to be just the two of us whereas I wanted more family and friends to be present. We both ended up applying emotional intelligence in this situation because in order for us to come up with a solution we were required to become more aware of our own and each other's emotions revolving this situation in order for us to understand each other more completely. We applied self-awareness by accurately perceiving, evaluating and displaying appropriate emotions. We applied self-management by being able to direct out emotions in a positive way. We applied social awareness when we were able to understand how each other felt. We applied relationship management when we were able to help each other manage each other's own emotions and establish a supportive relationship surrounding this situation. In the end, it ended up just being the of us due to hospital restrictions due to the Covid-19 but we were able to reach an understanding by applying emotional intelligence

You're interested in whether universities pay extra to employ professors who went to high-ranked PhD programs vs. lower-ranked PhD programs. You gather a sample of data for tenure-track, PhD-educated research university professors, with Y=salary ($1000s/yr), X1=rank of PhD program, X2=job title (assistant, associate, or full professor), X3=years of experience, X4=1{female}, and X5, X6, ..., are dummies for different departments (Economics, English, etc.). You might still worry about OVB because

a. most of the highest-ranked PhD programs are at private universities, which usually have higher tuition

b.professors who serve as department chair usually get a salary bonus in return for their service

c.professors with strong geographic preferences may have less bargaining power when negotiating for higher salary

d.better PhD programs attract better students who would do better research regardless of which PhD program they attended, and research is the primary determinant of salary

EU Funds Language Learning: Key Concepts: management training and development, management development and competitive advantage, the European Union, global mind-set, language training, globalization

Notes: The classrooms are busy at the University of Bedfordshire in Britain. However, instead of being filled with traditional university students, business people fill the rooms. The University of Bedfordshire is offering a program funded by the European Union to help business people learn foreign languages. The basic idea behind the program is to use the facilities at the university not only for the benefit of traditional students, but also for the benefit of the local community. The European Union hopes the program will help local business people gain a competitive edge over their rivals.

Currently about 80 people are enrolled in the program. One man taking advantage of the opportunity is Martin Brady who runs a company that helps firms find manufacturers in China. Brady is studying Mandarin. He wants to gain basic conversational skills that he hopes will help him when he is working in China. Already, Brady has noticed a difference in how Chinese people respond to him when he uses his newly acquired language skills. Brady notes that in China the relationship is as important as the business deal, and feels that his language skills will go a long way towards building relationships with Chinese business people.

Martin Brady, it appears, has figured out what many Britons have not. Foreign language skills are important in business. Research shows that Britain lags at the bottom when it comes to learning foreign language skills, and this deficiency may be causing British firms to miss opportunities to do business in other countries. Currently, most British firms have a tendency to do business in foreign countries where English is spoken, and avoid countries that speak a foreign language. As a result, firms tend to take a reactive approach to their business strategy going only where they think they can do business instead of looking at the entire world to see where the best opportunities lie. In the hopes of getting other people to realize the competitive advantages languages can give companies, the European Union will be funding the programs again. This time the program will be offered at ten universities across the country making the program more available to everyone.

Discussion Questions: be detailled in your answers

1- How might a lack of knowledge of foreign languages influence the strategic direction of a firm? What does your response suggest about the ability of the firm to compete in the global market place?

2- In China, the relationship between business people is an important part of a business deal. How can knowledge of the local language help build that trust? What can be learned from the experiences of Martin Brady, a British businessman enrolled in the European Union’s language program?

3- When an American business person in a foreign country insists on speaking only in English, what message is it sending to clients? How can knowledge of the local language help managers avoid an ethnocentric approach to business?

4- How does culture affect the different business functions? How can knowledge of different languages help managers in the different functional areas?

Your company, DrugsRUs, has developed a generic angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, Vasotec, as a pharmaceutical drug used primarily for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. You are leading the regulatory strategy team and have been asked to describe the path to approval comparing introduction in the US versus Brasil.

Please discuss the following:

(1) Which agency or agencies will be responsible for approving/reviewing your Vastec drug: (a) before commercial introduction, and (b) after approval for commercialization/sale within the US., and

(2) Compare known issues your company will need to consider to market your generic drug is Brasil.